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雪绒花

在短文写作中，一定要注意句式的正确性和句型的变化性，即文章中不仅仅有简单句，也应该有结构复杂的句子。长短句交替会使文章增色不少。但应尽量避免使用结构过于复杂的句子和生硬、不贴切的词汇，还应避免中文式英语。另外还有如平行结构的使用等等。句子在语法形式上的错误主要表现在以下几个方面：


　　1、汉语式句子

　　汉语式句子就是完全按照汉语的思维模式而造出来的句子，他们经常出现在学生的习作里。比如：有的学生把"好好学习，天天向上"表达成Good good study,day day up .有的学生把"如果你敢唬我，我就给你两下子"表述成If you dare tiger me ,Iwill give you two down son .尽管这两个例子有点极端，但它们表明汉语式句子是作文中一个普遍存在的现象。

　　例1误：My English spoken is not good.

　　正：I am not good at spoken English. Or :My spoken English is not good.

　　2、主谓不一致

　　造句时要遵循的一个最基本的原则就是主谓一致原则。

　　例1误：One of these houses need repairing.

　　正：One of these houses needs repairing.

　　分析：这属于主谓一致方面的错误用法。One of +名词的复数形式，谓语应用单数。

　　3、平行结构误用

　　平行结构要求：同等重要的、并列的句子成分(思想或概念)要用同类的语法形式来表示，要用并列连词连接。在使用并列连词如and ,but ,or ,neither…nor, either…..or, not only….but also, both…and等时，所连接的应该是名词对名词，副词对副词，分词对分词，不定式对不定式，动词对动词，句子对句子，而不能把其中一个概念用分词结构表达，另外两个概念用不定式或从句来表达等。

　　(1)名词(短语)平行结构

　　例1误：The speaker called attention to the beginning and how it ended.

　　正：The speaker called attention to the beginning and end of the movement

　　(2)形容词平行结构

　　例1误：He was sympathetic,tolerant,and people respected him.

　　正：He was sympathetic,tolerant,and respected by people.

　　(3)分词平行结构

　　例1误：The boys were running,shouting and to laugh.

　　正：The boys were running,shouting and laughing.

　　(4)动名词平行结构

　　例1误：Jane prefers singing to dance.

　　正：Jane prefers singing to dancing.

　　(5)动词不定式平行结构

　　例1误：To know what is good and doing what is right is not the same thing

　　正：To know what is good and to do what is right is not the same thing

　　(6)副词平行结构

　　例1误：The work is handsome and skillfully done.

　　正：The work is handsomely and skillfully done.

　　(7)短语平行结构

　　例1误：Studies serve for delight ,for ornament ,and being able

　　正：Studies serve for delight ,for ornament ,and for ability

　　4、破句

　　破句又称为："片语"，也是写作中经常出现的错误之一/简单地说，破句就是断句，它在语义上是不完整的、在语法上是不正确的。

　　例1误：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday,Trying to find a garage to repair my car .

　　正：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday,trying to find a garage to repair my car .

　　5、悬垂修饰语

　　修饰语必须非常明确地修饰句子中的某一个词或某一组词。悬垂修饰是指修饰语与其逻辑主语之间产生意义上的矛盾，或者在句子初看好像修饰某个词语，但实际上什么也没有修饰，使修饰语处于悬浮状态，无处着落。非谓语动词或介词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。如果句子主语不能充当其逻辑主语，就得另加上逻辑主语，否则该非谓语动词或介词短语便是悬垂结构了。

　　例3误：My term paper was finished sfter sitting up half the night.

　　正：After sitting up half the night , Ifinished my term paper.

　　

雪绒花

1. It is (has been) estimated that the world's population could reach 6 billion by the end of the century.

　　2. It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to co

ntrol population growth while raising the quality of the population.

　　3. Upon hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn't utter a word.

　　4. It's hard to say whether the plan is practicable.

　　5. It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work.

　　6. As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.

　　7. As is known man is the product of labour.

　　8. It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world we can overcome.

　　9. It seems certain that they have made a series of experiments.

　　10. It must be admitted that you haven't done what you promised to do.

　　11. It is certain that we have a long way to go.

　　12. It is clear that the enemy has no desire for peace.

　　13. It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day.

　　14. There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.

　　15. It is said that bats have been using radar for millions of years.

　　16. To tell the truth, many mistakes we made could have been avoided.

　　17. As we know, it was not until recently that the problem was solved.

　　18. In my opinion, this computer is different from that one you saw.

　　19. All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.

　　20. As far as we know, it took him more than a year to write the book.

　　21. It has been proved that every substance, no matter what it is, made up of atoms.

　　22. To be frank, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice.

　　23. It has been decided that we are going to build a railway whose base must be completed within this year.

　　24. Frankly speaking, what you call the truth may not apply to things happening here.

　　25. It is obvious (evident) that the success of the innovation depends on our concerted efforts.

　　26. It is natural that one may have trouble expressing complicated ideas in simple English.

　　27. We will be successful as long as we persevere.

　　28. What is more important, the agreement they have negotiated is being carried out.

　　29. It is true that we must redouble our efforts; otherwise we cannot catch up with the developed countries.

　　30. I take it for granted that they will support this idea. I regard it as natural that they will agree to this idea.

　　31. In a certain sense, a successful scientist is a person who is never satisfied with what he has achieved.

　　32. It is a common saying that man who has a settled purpose will surely succeed.

　　33. The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

　　34. It can be said that without knowledge of science and technology, it is impossible to build socialist modernizations.

　　35. There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production.

　　36. Now in China, more and more families can afford to buy high-grade goods, such as washing machines, TV sets, videocorders.

馨月

真好。感谢


[em26][em26]

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-10-1 23:31:03编辑过]

惆怅依旧

谢了

lww023

好帖。。。
这个怎么翻译哦[em05]