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荣誉之星 乐园开心

141
发表于 2003-8-13 01:13

英译汉难句分类辨析之同位语

同位语是用来对名词(或代词)作进一步的解释,它可以是单词、短语或从句。同位语从句是名词从句的一种,置于某些名词之后如:fact, doubt, idea, news, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question, and so on。这种从句通常由that引导,也可用what, why, whether, when等引导。

  在阅读时,要注意同位语与本位语分割的现象。如,The thought came to me that   
I would invite him to McDonald?s.当时我产生一个念头,即我要请他吃麦当劳。同位语从句that I would :McDonald?s与其先行词The thought被came to me分隔。翻译时,可增加“即”或用冒号、破折号分开。

  例There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historians inquiry.

  分析:本题属于同谓语结构。句子“there is no agreement whether...or...or”引导的名词从句是agreement的同位语。在这个同位语从句中,methodologies后面跟着两个并列谓语,即refers to...or(refers)to。peculiar to historical work和appropriateto the various branches of historical inquiry都是形容词短语,分别修饰concepts和research techniques。

  译文:所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念,还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段,人们对此意见不一。

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142
发表于 2003-8-15 05:16

易混淆词汇比较记忆

ignore, neglect, omit, overlook

  这一组动词都有"忽略"的意思。

  
  ignore v.忽视,不理睬,指有意识地拒绝。

  She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走过来,但是装作没看见。

  neglect v.忽视,忽略,疏忽,指无意识地忽视或忘记。

  He neglected to make repairs in his house.他忘记了修理房子。

  omit v.遗漏,忽略,忘记,指由于疏忽而忘记,也可以表示因不利或不好而被忽略等。

  She omitted several steps in the experiment and it failed.她在实验中遗漏了几个步骤,结果实验失败了。

  overlook v.忽略,疏漏,指有意识地遗漏,也可以指无意识地忽略。

  The mother overlooked her little boy's bad behavior.那位母亲忽视了她的小儿子的不良行为。

  imaginable, imaginary, imaginative

  imaginable a.可想象的,往往作后置定语,所修饰的名词前常加all,every,only或形容词的最高级。

  In her painting, she has used every color imaginable.在她的绘画中,她用了所以可以想象的到的色彩。

  imaginary a.虚构的,想象中的。

  The child has an imaginary friend.那个孩子有个假想中的朋友。

  imaginative a.富于想象力的。

  an imaginative writer富于想象力的作家

  imitate, intimate, intimidate

  这是一组形近易混词。

  imitate v.模仿,仿效;复制,仿造。

  The boy imitates his father's way of talking.那个男孩模仿他父亲说话的样子。

  intimate a.亲密的;温馨的,舒适的。

  We have had an intimate friendship since we were young.我们自年轻时代起就建立了亲密的友谊。

  intimidate v.恐吓,威胁。

  An older boy intimidated the little children when he took their lunch money.一个年龄大一点的男孩恐吓那些小孩子,并且抢走了他们的午饭钱。

  imperial, imperious

  imperial a.帝国的,帝王的;帝王般的,威严的;英制的(非公制的度量衡制,如磅,加仑,品脱等)。

  the imperial guards帝国卫士

  imperious a.傲慢的,专横的。

  The strict father showed an imperious attitude toward his children.那个严厉父亲对孩子的态度很专横。

  imply, infer

  imply v. (从言语或态度中)暗示,暗指(某种事情)。

  The Secretary of the Treasury implied that interest rates would go down.财政大臣暗示利率将下降。

  infer v. (根据已知事实)推断,推理。

  I infer from your smile that you are happy.从你的笑容可以看出你很高兴。

  industrial, industrious

  这是一组形近易混词。

  industrial a.工业的,产业的,来自于名词industry。

  Industrial production is up this year; but agriculture is weak.今年的工业产值上升了,但是农业依然薄弱。

  industrious a.勤奋的,忙碌的。

  She started her own business and is now very industrious.她自己开了一家公司,因此很忙碌。

  initial, original, primitive

  initial a.开始的,最初的,强调处于事物的起始阶段,也可以指位于开头地方的。

  My initial good opinion of him changed with time.时间长了我对他最初的好印象改变了。

  original a.最初的,最早的;原版的,原物的。指按顺序是首位的,在此前不再有更为原始的同类的东西;也指原件的,原物的,非仿造的东西。

  This is the original piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.就是在这架钢琴上,这位作曲家创作出了他的一些伟大的作品。

  primitive a.原始的,上古的,早期的,指处于人类生命或事物发展的早期阶段,也可以指自然的或简朴的。

  Primitive tribes live in the Amazon River basin.原始部落居住在亚马逊河盆地。

  interfere, intervene, interrupt, disturb

  这几个词都有"干扰"的意思。

  interfere v.干涉,妨碍。常指干涉或妨碍他人(的事),着重指有影响,当"干涉"讲时,后多接in,当"妨碍,打扰"时后多接with。

  It's unwise to interfere between husband and wife.干涉别人夫妇间的事是不明智的

  intervene v.干涉,干预,较为正式,常指带有行动的干预;此外,还有"调停"的意思。

  Would you intervene if you saw a parent hit a child?要是你看到家长打孩子你会干预吗?

  interrupt v.打扰,打断,阻碍。常有"使……停止(中断)"的意思。

  His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.他的讲话频频被掌声所打断。

  disturb v.打扰,妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。

  Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.噩梦妨碍她的睡眠。

  invaluable, valueless

  invaluable a.无价的,非常宝贵的,相当于priceless。

  Your help in moving the big refrigerator was invaluable.你帮忙搬那个大冰箱,你的帮助是可贵的。

  valueless a.没有价值的,相当于worthless。

  That bracelet is a cheap, valueless piece of jewelry.那个手镯是一件便宜的、不值钱的首饰。

  jealous, envious

  jealous a.妒忌的,暗含有憎恶与不好的感情。

  He gets jealous when other man talks to his girlfriend.当别的男人和他的女朋友说话时间],他会很嫉妒。

  envious a.羡慕的,强调攀比心理所造成的羡慕。

  He is envious of my new car and wants one like it.他很羡慕我的新车,也想要一辆同样的。

  judicial, judicious

  这是一组形近易混词。

  judicial a.司法的,法律的,法庭的。

  The judicial system settles arguments between people.司法系统解决人与人之间的争端。

  judicious a.果断的,明智的,是个正式用语。

  He made a judicious decision to save money for his old age.他做了一个明智的决定,要为他的晚年攒钱。

  minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate

  这一组形容词都有"次等"的意思。

  minor a较少的,较小的,较次要的,常含有轻微的但并非不重要的意思。

  We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.我们对合同中的一切问题,甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。

  inferior a.次等的,较劣的,差的,当"下级"讲时,强调职位的高低;当"次等"讲时,指素质、质量等的低劣。

  Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。

  secondary a.第二等的,次要的,强调在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。

  My job is of secondary importance to my health.我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。

  subordinate a.次要的,从属的,下级的,强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。

  He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.她对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。

  opt, apt

  这是一对形近易混词。

  opt v.选择,抉择,后接for。

  She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in summer.她选择了在冬天休假而不是夏天。

  apt a.易于……的,(后接to);恰当的,贴切的。

  She is apt to make mistakes if you pressure her too much.如果你给她施加的压力过大,她就很容易出错。

  rational, reasonable

  rational a.理性的,区别于无理性;理智的,区别于感情用事的。

  The rational thing to do was to take the sick man to a doctor.理智的做法是送病人去看医生。

  reasonable a.有道理的,公平合理的,或指人讲道理的。

  That man works very hard, so it is reasonable for him to ask for more money.那个人工作努力,所以他要求加薪是合情合理的。

  refrain, restrain, constrain

  refrain v.抑制,禁止,强调抑制一种冲动,是正式用语,为不及物动词,后接介词from。

  Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.学生们克制住不在教师抽烟。

  restrain v.抑制,约束,指通过管束阻止某事发生,是及物动词,其习惯用法是restrain sb. (sth.) from doing。

  She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.溜狗时,她牵着狗来限制它的活动。

  constrain v.强迫,力劝,是及物动词。

  A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.法律限制政府开支大于收入。

  respectable, respectful, respective

  这是一组形近易混词。

  respectable a.值得尊敬的,有好名声的。

  They are respectable people who are liked and trusted in their town.他们在家乡是受人们敬爱和信任的人。

  respectful a.尊敬他人的,恭敬的。

  Students and teachers should have a respectful attitude toward each other.师生应该相互彬彬有礼。

  respective a.单个的,分别的。

  revolve, evolve, involve

  revolve v.旋转,转动。

  The room began to revolve , then he fainted.屋子开始旋转,然后他就昏倒了。

  evolve v.发展,演变。

  Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.几千年来,农业发展得很缓慢。

  involve v.需要,包含;使卷入,牵涉。

  Getting a driver's licence involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.要得到驾驶执照需要学习开车,学习交通规则,还要经过考试。

  sanction, sanitation

  sanction n.认可,准许,批准。

  I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.我晚回家需要得到父母的批准。

  sanitation n.公共卫生,环境卫生,卫生设备。

  Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.在理发店和餐馆等营业场所执行严格的公共卫生制度。

  scenery, scene, view, landscape

  这一组名词都有"景色"的意思。

  scenery n.风景,景色,舞台布景,强调从美的角度看,某个国家或地区的总体外貌。

  Each year, we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the scenery.我们每年到山区渡假,并欣赏那里的风景。

  scene n.指从远处看到的某一具体景色、景象,也可以指人物的活动场面;(犯罪的)地点,现场。

  They stood gazing the happy scene of children playing in the park.他们站在那里,注视着孩子们在公园里玩耍的场景。

  view n.指从远处或窗户看到的视野范围内的风景;观点,看法。

  Our house has a view of the park.我们的房子可以看到公园的景色。

  landscape n. (自然的)风景,景色;风景画。

  The landscape seen from the mountains is green and beautiful.站在群山之巅看到的是一片美丽的绿色。

  sensible, sensitive, sentimental, sensational

  这是一组形近易混词。

  sensible a.有知觉的,可感知的;明智的。

  The patient was speechless but still sensible.病人虽然不能说话但仍然有知觉。

  sensitive a.敏感的,灵敏的。

  This film is sensitive to light.这种胶片对光很敏感。

  sentimental a.多愁善感的,感伤的。

  The novel has scenes full of love and loss; it is so sentimental!小说有多处场景充满爱情的悲欢离合,真是感伤啊!

  sensational a.耸人听闻的,令人激动的。

  I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.我听到一则耸人听闻的故事:十岁女孩做妈妈。

  technological, technical

  这是一组形近易混词。

  technological a.技术上的。

  a major technological breakthrough主要技术性突破

  technical a.技术的,工艺(学)的;专门的,深奥的。

  The banker made some technical points about the economy in his speech.银行家在他的关于经济的演说中提出了几个很专业的论点。

  transaction, transition, transmission, transformation, transfer

  这是一组在考研和CET-6中经常出现的形近易混词。

  transaction n.交易行为,处理。

  Transactions of shares on the stock exchange were up today.今天证券交易所的股票成交额上升了。

  transition n. (从一种情况到另一种的)过渡,更替。

  The transition from high school to college can be difficult for students.对于学生来说,从中学到大学的过渡会是困难的。

  transmission n.传播(比如疾病);广播。

  The transmission of germs can occur by contact, breathing, and eating.细菌通过接触、呼吸和饮食传播。

  transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变,改观,转变。

  His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marrige.他结婚之后性格判若两人。

  transfer n.转移,转让;(工作的)调动;(旅途中的)换乘,改变路线。

  The club's goalkeeper isn't happy here, and has asked a transfer.这个足球俱乐部的守门员在此过得不愉快,已经要求转会到其他俱乐部。
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荣誉之星 乐园开心

143
发表于 2003-8-15 05:21

英译汉难句分类辨析之词义的正确选择

由于语言的差异,许多单词在特定的环境中都有自己特定的意思。英汉两种语言中都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。所谓一词多类就是指一个词属于几个词性,具有几个不同的意义。

  一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中,又往往具有几个不同的词义。

  
  1)可以根据词在句中的词性来选择和确定词义。

  例To criticize an intelligence test for such failure (it doesnot measure character, social adjustment...) is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.

  分析:“failure”一词的处理在该句的翻译中极为关键,若直接翻译为“失败”显然是不合适的,最好的办法就是结合上下文使它的意义具体化,把such failure翻译成“不反映上述情况”。译文:批评智力测试不反映上述情况,就犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。

  2)根据上下文以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。如:fly一词的基本意义是“苍蝇”、“飞行”、“拉锁”,但在其他句子中可译为“飘动”、“隐蔽的旁观者”。再如,bank一词,除基本意义“银行”外,在《新英汉词典》中,还有一种新解为“库(指血液、骨髓等贮藏所)”。所以,a sperm bank译为“精子库”,a blood bank译为“血浆库”。

  例In the US and Canada,swheresthe right?to?die movement isgathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.

  分析:waiting...falling是个比喻。多米诺骨牌前后紧挨着排列,一个倒下,其他的跟着倒下,因此常被用来比喻一个事件引发连锁反应,或连锁性地引起一系列类似事件。译文:在争取死亡(指安乐死)权利运动不断壮大的美国和加拿大,观察家们等待着出现多米诺骨牌式的连锁反应。

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发表于 2003-8-16 06:01

英译汉

Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. 61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed simil  
ar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remainedobscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning“values.”Who will use a technology and to what ends? 65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior, will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

  61. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.

  [参考译文]

  难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

  62. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.

  [参考译文]

  行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的,部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。

  63. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.

  [参考译文]

  自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明,而环境在塑造和保护个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。

  64. They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

  [参考译文]

  自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

  65. Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior, will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

  [参考译文]

  (如果)这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的惟一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。

  
  In less than 30 years?time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality.Direct links between the brain?s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments,allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.

  71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with in?built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell?television,and digital age will have arrived.

  According to BT?s futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years),when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine,including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs comingsintosuse between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer?human links.“By linking directly to our nervous system,computers could pick up what we feel and,hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments,rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”he says.74) But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man?machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead toa fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”

  Through his research,Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted.However,there are still no forecasts for when faster?than?light travel will be available,or when cloning human will be perfected,or when time travel will be possible.But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances.A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will,for example,cause problems in 2010,while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.

  71?There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and carswith pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

  [参考译文]

  届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会令其停驶。

  本题属于包含定语从句的复合句。句子框架为:There will be television chat shows...,and cars with pollution monitors...that从句修饰pollution monitors。when引导状语从句。

  72?Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with in?built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell?television,and digital age will have arrived.

  [参考译文]儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视机前休闲,那时数字化时代就来到了。

  本题属于并列句。句子框架为:Children will play with dolls..., computers...will be regarded as workmates...,relaxation will be in front of smell?television, and digital age will have arrived.其中equipped with personality chips是作定语的分词短语,修饰dolls。

  computers with in?built personalities词组中,in?built为“内在的,内置的”含义,personalities为“人的性格”之意。根据常识,计算机能具有人的性格特征,肯定是制作时放入了某种装置,所以,该词组可灵活地翻译为“具有个性内置的计算机”。

  73?Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

  [参考译文]

  皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果,编制了一个独特的新技术千年历,它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。

  本题属于复合结构。句子框架为:Pearson has pieced together the work ofhundreds of researchers...to produce a...calendar that...本句中,that gives thelatest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place为calendar的定语,其中包括一个由when引导的时间定语从句(修饰dates)。

  74?But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man?machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead toa fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”

  [参考译文]

  但皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”

  本题属于主表结构,其框架为:But that...is only the start of man?machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Pearson points out为插入语,插到了主?表结构之间。“But that,...”结构中的that并非连接词,而是代词。

  75?And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.

  [参考译文]

  家用电器将会变得如此智能,以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理紊乱——厨房狂躁症。

  本题属于复合结构。句子框架为:...home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout...。that从句为结果状语从句。

  so...that结构中的that从句表结果,而非目的。smart应根据上下文来翻译。

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发表于 2003-8-17 04:34

关系从句中的谓语动词

在“one of +名词(复数)+关系从句”中的单复数在“one of+名词(复数)+关系从句”中,关系从句中的谓语动词常采用复数形式。

  【例如】She is one of the students who have passed Band Six.

  This is one of the best books that have been published recently.

  one之前有the only等修饰语时从句动词要用单数。

  【例如】She is the only one of the girls who is chosen as the member of student union.

  He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.
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发表于 2003-8-17 04:36

以only引导状语位于句首引起的倒装





  Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard. Only in this way can we achieve what we want.Only in each afternoon does the university library open. Only under special circumstances ____to take make?up tests.
  A) are freshmen permitted

  B) permitted are freshmen

  C) freshmen are permitted

  D) are permitted freshmen

  Only加状语位于句首,句子用倒装语序,故答案为A。




[此贴子已经被作者于2003-8-16 15:36:08编辑过]


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147
发表于 2003-8-17 21:37

易混淆词汇比较记忆

comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include

  这一组动词都有"组成,包含"的意思。

  comprise v.包含,包括,由……组成(整体);组成,构成。

  Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。

  compose v.构成(整体),组成;由……组成(后接of,常用于被动语态);创作(作曲、诗歌等)。

  The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。

  consist v.组成,构成,由……组成(后接of,常用于主动语态);(后接in)在于,存在于。

  The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。

  The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。

  constitute v.构成,组成(整体)。

  Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。

  include v.包括,包含,把……列入。

  The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.大会代表中有来自海外的代表。

  concentrate, focus

  这两个动词都有"集中"的意思。

  concentrate v.集中,集中精力(后接on,宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西);浓缩,压缩。

  During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考试期间,同学们集中精力回答问题。

  focus v.集中(于某事物);将(注意力等)集中于……(后接on,宾语一般不是具体的东西)。

  Please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中考虑以下问题。

  confinement, limitation, restraint

  这一组名词都有"限制,局限"的意思。

  confinement n.限制,囚禁(于某地或某种境地)。

  The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。

  limitation n.限制,局限;(能力的)缺点,弱点。

  That employee has limitations on what work he can do.那个雇员能做的工作有限。

  restraint n.克制,抑制;约束措施。

  Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母亲很生气,她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。

  considerable, considerate

  这是一对形近易混的形容词。

  considerable a.相当大的,相当多的;值得考虑的。

  That family owns a considerable amount of land.那个家族拥有大量的土地。

  considerate a.考虑周到的,体贴的,后面常跟of结构。

  He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅别人,他很慈善并且富有同情心。

  conserve, preserve, reserve

  这是一组形近易混词,且都有"保存"的意思。

  conserve v.保存,保藏,保护(强调节约)。

  In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天,为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。

  preserve v.保护;维持;保养;防止(食物)腐败(强调使不受破坏)。

  The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。

  reserve v.保留,储备(强调为某一特殊目的);订(座位),预定。

  We are reserving these seats for my parents.我们把这些座位留给我的父母。

  continual, continuous, constant, incessant

  这一组形容词都有"不断的,不停的"的意思。

  continual a.连续不断的;频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。

  That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.那条狗不停地叫,真是烦死人了。

  continuous a.不停的,连续不断的,强调中间不停顿。

  Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。

  constant a.不断的,经常的,强调始终如一地经常出现。

  Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。

  incessant a.不停的,持续不断的,强调令人厌烦地重复出现,中间有可能有停顿。

  Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。

  convert, invert, revert, transform

  这一组动词都有"转变"的意思。

  convert v.转变,变换,含有"使某人改变观点"的意思。

  He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。

  invert v.使颠倒,使倒转,使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。

  The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.婴儿把杯子打翻,弄洒了里面的橙汁。

  revert v.归还,恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。

  John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John.约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子,当他的哥哥去世后,房子的所有权重新归于约翰。

  transform v.改变,转变,指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。

  A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。

  credible, credulous, plausible

  这一组形容词都有"可信的"意思。

  credible a.可信的,可靠的。

  That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那个学生跟老师讲了实情,她没来上课是因为她病了。

  credulous a.轻信的,易于相信的。

  She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易轻信别人,竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。

  plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常带有怀疑的意思。

  Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.虽然这个解释合理,但仍不可能使我完全相信。

  decline, refuse, reject, deny

  这组动词都有"拒绝"的意思。

  decline v.婉言拒绝,谢绝,相当于refuse politely,主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求,后接名词或动词不定式,主语只能是人。

  I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她和我们在一起,可是她婉言谢绝了。

  refuse v.是比较普通的用词,表示"拒绝",含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。

  reject v.抛弃,不采纳,主语可以是人或物,后接名词,不能接动词不定式。

  He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影,但每一次都被拒绝。

  deny v.否认,否定,其后可接名词,代词或that从句。

  The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.被告在法庭上否认了对他的指控。

  deduce, induce, reduce

  这是一组形近易混词。

  deduce v.推断,推理,演绎。

  My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him; today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默,今天他很沉默,所以我推断她生气了。

  induce v.引诱,劝;引起,导致。

  We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air.我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去。

  reduce v.减轻,减小;降低。

  He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动,体重减轻了20磅。

  delay, postpone

  这两个词都有"延迟"之意。

  delay v.延期,延缓,耽搁,常指由于不可避免的障碍等原因而延期。

  Her late arrival delayed the start of the meeting.她的迟到使会议延迟开始。

  postpone v.耽搁,暂缓,常指将某事放置一边,等到另一事发生或一定时间后再做。

  Our meeting for today was postponed until next week.我们今天的会议推迟到下周举行。

  demonstrate, illustrate

  这两个词都有"说明"的意思。

  demonstrate v.多指通过具体动作或物体进行演示、示范、表演、展示等以达到说明或解释的目的。

  This salesman demonstrated how to cook with a pressure cooker.这个推销员当众演示如何用压力锅煮东西。

  illustrate v.强调通过举例、列图表或比较等方式来说明道理。

  The teacher illustrated the history lesson by telling a story about George Washington.那个老师通过乔治·华盛顿的故事来讲述他的历史课。

  disappear, vanish, fade

  这一组词都有"消失"的意思。

  disappear v.消失,不见;灭绝,不复存在。是个一般用语。

  The little dog was just there, then he disappeared.那条小狗刚才就在那里,然后就不见了。

  vanish v.消失,不见,指突然间化为乌有,强调非常彻底地、神秘莫测地消失、失踪。

  The man ransintosthe shop and vanished from sight.那个男子跑到了商店里,然后就消失了。

  fade v.指衣服的颜色褪色,声音的逐渐消失。

  The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink.墙纸从红色褪成了淡粉色。

  decline, decrease, diminish, reduce

  这一组动词都有"减少"的意思。

  decline v. (数量、数字、价格、比率)下降,下落。

  Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。

  decrease v.减少,减小,强调逐渐地下降或减少的过程。

  diminish v. (力量、势力)减弱,减少,强调由于某种原因而减少,这种减少可以造成能够为人们所察觉的后果或损失。

  The need to take action has diminished.已经没有多少需要采取行动的必要性了。

  reduce v.是及物动词,指通过人为的方法在数量、规模、范围等方面减少,也可以指在地位、重要性方面降低等级。

  He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动,体重减轻了20磅。

  deviate, distract, divert

  这三个词都有"转移"的意思。

  deviate v.背离,偏离。多指脱离正轨或正题等。

  He deviated from society by becoming a drug addict.他成为一名吸毒者,从而违背了社会道德准则。

  distract v.使分心,分散(注意力、心理等)。常带有不能专心的意思。

  Noise distracts him, so he can't study for exams.喧闹声分散了他的注意力,所以他无法进行考试的复习。

  divert v.转移,使转向,着重改变后的结果,后常接介词from。

  A loud noise diverted everyone's attention from their work.一声巨响转移了每个人的工作注意力。

  dip, immerse, submerge

  这几个词都有"浸,浸入"的意思。

  dip v.浸,浸染,蘸。多指短时地将某物部分地浸到液体中,有小心翼翼的意思。

  The artist dipped his brush in the paint.艺术家拿画笔蘸了蘸颜料。

  immerse v.沉浸,使沉浸于。指全部浸泡在液体中达一段时间,也可指一种氛围。

  Students immerse themselves in their studies.同学们在专心致志地学习。

  submerge v.浸没,淹没。多指全部浸没在水下达一定深度。

  The girl was submerged in the shallow end of the pool.女孩泡在水池的浅水区一端。

  divide, separate

  这两个动词都有"分开"的意思。

  divide v.分开,划分,指把整体分成若干部分,也表示"疏远"的意思,常用结构为"divide…from"。

  The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.这家大公司分成了一些较小的公司。

  separate v.作及物动词时,意思是"分隔",指把原来连接在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,常用结构为"separate…from";作不及物动词时,表示"分散,分别"。

  duty, obligation, responsibility

  duty n.指道义上的责任,强调自觉性,作可数名词时指本职工作的任务。

  His duty is to see that the business runs well.他的职责是保证生意良好运转。

  obligation n.指合同或法律上规定的"责任,义务",强调其约束力。

  Parents have a legal obligation to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.父母有法律上的义务确保其子女受到适合其年龄的有效教育。

  responsibility n.职责,强调对后果要负责任的意思。

  His father is ill, and he has the responsibility of caring for him.他的父亲病了,他有责任照顾他。

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发表于 2003-8-19 05:52

英语词汇测试题

1. Please do not be by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.

  (A) disregarded (B) distorted (c) irritated (D) intervened


  2. Craig assured his boss that he would all his energies in doing this new job.

  (A) call forth (B) call at (c) call on (D) call off

  3. Too much to X - rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.

  (A) disclosure (B) exhibition (C) contact (D) exposure

  4. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes , and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.

  (A) dim (B) blank (C) faint (D) vain

  5. It is well known that knowledge is the ______condition for expansion of mind.

  (A) incompatible (B) incredible (C) indefinite (D) indispensible

  6. More than two hundred years ago the United States from the British Empire and became an independent country.

  (A) got off (B) pulled down (C) broke away (D) dropped off

  7. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is loud continuous noise.

  (A) subjected to (B) filled with (C) associated with (D) attached to

  8. Some or the most important concepts in physics their success to these mathematical systems.

  (A) oblige (B) owe (C) contribute (D) attribute

  9. As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something researching into.

  (A) precious (B) worth (C) worthy (D) valuable

  10. As a defense against air - pollution damage, many plants and animals a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.

  (A) relieve (B) release (C) dismiss (D) discard

  11. Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would be able to walk.

  (A) in no time (B) by all means (C) in no way (D) on any account

  12. While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.

  (A) occasionally (B) simultaneously (C) eventually (D) promptly

  13. One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they have taken great

  to educate their children

  (A) efforts (B) pains (C) attempts (D) endeavous

  14. If any man here does not agree with me, he should his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.

  (A) put on (B) put out (C) put in (D) put forward

  15. I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be to it.

  (A) connected (B) fastened (C) bound (D) stuck

  16. The English language contains a (n) of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.

  (A) altitude (B) latitude (C) multitude (D) attitude

  17. In my opinion, you can widen the ________ of this improvement through your active participation.

  (A) dimension (B) volume (C) magnitude (D) scope

  18. Your improper words will give to doubts concerning your true intentions.

  (A) rise (B) reason (C) suspicion (D) impulse

  19. The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made .

  (A) on the spot (B) on the site (C) on the location (D) on the ground

  20.The remarkable of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.

  (A) classification (B) variety (C) density (D) diversion

  1.本题的答案是(C)

  regard表示"考虑",所以(A)disregarded:表示"不理、不顾、漠视"之意。(B) distorted:"弄歪,歪曲"。(C)irritated:"被激怒,恼火"。(D) intervened:意为"介入、插入",为不及物动词,因此不可能有be intervened这种被动语态,从意思上讲,只能是"被他的坏行为"激怒,不可能为其他意思,因此(C) irritated为正确答案。

  2.本题的答案是(A)

  本题考查考生对call这一动词与介(副)词搭配成词组时,词组的不同含义。(A) call forth:"唤起,发挥"。(A)与题意吻合,故应选(A)。(B) call at:"访问"。(C)call on :"号召,拜访,探望。"(D) call off :"取消,转移"。此题句意为:Craig向他的老板保证,在做这项新工作中,他将发挥他所有的能力。

  3.本题的答案是(D)

  (A) disclosure:close为"关闭"之意, disclose为其反义,即"揭开,揭发"。(B) exhibition: "展览,表演",一般用于exhibition of ...表示:"……的展览",或on exhibition: "在展览中"。(C)contact:"接触,联系",用于contact with :"同……接触"。(D)exposure :"暴露;揭露",用于词组exposure to : "暴露于……中"。根据句意及用词搭配,都应该选(D)exposure。

  4.本题的答案是(B)

  (A)dim:"混沌的,模糊的",go dim:指"(脑子)变得混沌不清楚。"(B)blank: "空白的",go blank指"(头脑)变成一片空白",与后面"我几乎记不起来我自己的生日"意思相吻合,故应选(B)。(C)faint : "衰弱的,昏晕的",go faint :一般指"(身体)发晕";(D)vain :"空费的,徒劳的;自负的"。一般不与go搭配。

  5、本题的答案是(D)

  (A)incompatible: "不能共存的,不相容的"。(B) incredible:"难以置信的;不可思议的"。(C)indefinite: "含糊的;不明确的"。(D)indispensible:"必不可少的;必需的"。此题目译为:知识的扩充头脑的必不可少的条件,这是名言。根据常识判断,(D)是最合适的答案。

  6.本题的答案是(C)

  此题目考查词组意义区别。(A)got off : "下来,出发,动身"。(B)pulled down:"拆毁;拖垮"。(C)broke away(from): "脱离,摆脱",这个意思最符合原文,故应选(C)。(D)dropped off :"陆续散去,睡着"。

  7.本题的答案是(A)

  (A)(be)subjected to : "遭受,受到"。(B)(be ) filled with : "充满了"。(C)(be) associated with: "与……联系在一起"。(D)(be) attached to:"附属于,依恋于"。显然是(A)"遭受到极大的不断的噪声"为最合理。

  8.本题的答案是(B)

  (A)oblige ...(to do):"强迫……做某事"。(B)owe ....(to ):"多亏,感谢"。(C)contribute...(to):"献出,把……花费在……"。(D)attribute...(to):"把……归属于……"。显然,(B)为正确答案。这句话的意思为:一些物理学中最重要的概念,它们的成功多亏了这些数学体系。而不能把物理学中概念的成功"归属于"数学体系。

  9.本题的答案是(B)

  (A) precious:"宝贵的;完全的"。(B)worth:"值得的"。worth后面一般跟动名词表示"值得做某事",而(C)worthy也表示"值得做某事"时,一般的用法是worthy of doing.或worthy to be done。(D)valuable:"有价值的,值钱的",比较词义和用法,(B)为最佳答案。

  10.本题的答案是(B)

  (A) relieve:"救援;解除"。(B)release:"释放;免除;披露,发行"。(C)dismiss"解散;解雇;消除"。(D)discard:"抛弃,解雇"。此题目意思是:作为对空气污染的防护物,许多植物和动物释放出一种吸收有害化学成分的物质。因此应选择(B)

  11.本题的答案是(C)

  此题目考查介词和名词搭配的固定词组的含义。(A)in no time:"立即,立刻",=at once, in a moment.(B)by all means:"务必"。(C)in no way:"不可能"。(D)on any account.:往往用于not on any account"绝不,切莫"。根据题意(C)是正确答案。

  12.本题的答案是(A)

  (A) occasionally:"偶尔,有时"。(B)simultaneously:"同时"=at the same time。(C)eventually"最终,最后",一般放在句首。(D)promptly:"敏捷地,迅速地"。根据句意,应选择(A)。句意为:打字的时候,Helen习惯于偶尔停下来梳理她的长而飘逸的头发。

  13.本题的答案是(B)

  (A) efforts,一般不与take搭配,常用于make efforts:"作出许多努力"。(B)pains:与take搭配,表示"费尽苦心"。(C)attempts:一般也用于make attempts(尝试)这一搭配。(D)emdeavours:一般不与take搭配,而用于do endeavours和make endeavours表示"努力,尽力"。从搭配和意义来讲,(B)为最佳答案。

  14.本题的答案是(D)

  该题目考查put一词的搭配。(A)put on:"穿上,戴上"。(B)put out:"伸出,解雇;熄灭"。(C)put in:"插入,引入"。(D)put forward:"促进;提出,倡议"。根据上下文"计划"只能是"提出",因而(D)为正确答案。

  15.本题的答案是(C)

  (A) (be) connected一般不与to搭配,而用be connected with:"与……有联系。"(B)(be) fastened to:"被紧紧抓住"。(C)be bound to sth:"必定","做保证"的意思。这符合题意,故应选(C)。(D)stick to:"坚持",一般不用被动语态。这句话的意思是:我支持你的决定,但我必须讲清楚,我不打算做保证。

  16.本题的答案是(C)

  (A) altitude:"高度"。(B)latitude:"纬度"。(C)multitude:"大批",可用于a multitude of+n.(pl)。(D)attitude:"姿势;态度"。从句意和用法上都只有(C)为正确答案。

  17.本题的答案是(D)

  (A) dimension:"尺寸"。(B)volume:"容积,体积,容量"。(C)magnitude:"宏大,硕大"。(D)scope:"范围",从上下文看,"扩展"只能是范围、面积等,而不能是"尺寸、体积"等,所以(D)scope是正确答案。

  18.本题的答案是(A)

  (A) (give) rise (to):"导致,引起,产生"。(A)与题意吻合,故应选(A)。(B)(give) reason (to):"对……进行解释"。(C)(give)suspicion (to):"对……进行怀疑"。(D) (give) impulse (to):"促进,增进"。此句话的意思是:不恰当的话会引起对真正意图的怀疑。

  19.本题的答案是(A)

  本题考查词组含义。(A)on the spot:"在现场,就地"。(B)on the site:没有这一搭配。(C)on the location:"在外景"。(D)on the ground:"在地面上"。根据上下文意思,(A)为正确答案。

  20.本题的答案是(B)

  (A)classification:"分类,类别;级别"。(B)variety:"变种;多样,种种"。(C)density:"浓度,密度"。(D)diversion:"转移,消遣"。根据上下文,正确答案应为(B)variety。此句的意思为:Galopagos岛上异常的生物变种启发了查尔斯达尔文建立了自己的进化理论。
[B]Heal the liver![/B]

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荣誉之星 乐园开心

149
发表于 2003-8-19 05:53

英语易混淆词汇比较记忆

acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure

  
  这一组动词都有"获得,取得"的意思,在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。

  acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等,也可用于对财物等的获得,该词强调"一经获得就会长期持有"的含义。

  It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习,个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。

  attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果;也可指达到某一目标。

  The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。

  obtain v.获得,买到,用于正式语体中。

  He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。

  gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处;亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。

  An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而

  得利润。

  earn v.挣得,赢得,指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。

  How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱?

  achieve v.得到,获得,多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。

  The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。

  secure v.得到;把……拿到手,含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意;使安全,保卫;作形容词比较常见,意为"安全的"。

  A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100万人的签名。

  He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。

  acute, critical, crucial, urgent

  这一组形容词都有"严重的,重要的"意思。

  acute a.剧烈的,严重的;急性的(病)。

  An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏,伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。

  critical a.意为"关键的",表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点,与crucial相似。

  与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量;还指"批判性的,分析

  性的"。

  It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习,

  则你会不及格的。

  crucial a.意为"决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的",最为笼统,适用于上述两种情况。

  Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。

  urgent a.意为"紧迫的,急迫的,紧要的",它不强调所指的问题是最重要的,仅强调"紧急的"状态。

  We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助,我们的水就快要用光了。

  adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary

  这九个动词都含有"调整、改变"的意思。

  adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整;修理。

  I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。

  regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节,使之准确工作或运行;多含有"控制"之意。

  Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。

  rectify v.纠正,校正(错误、文章、合同等)。

  He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。

  amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。

  The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。

  convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途,还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。

  Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。

  He's converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。

  alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。

  The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。

  modify v.改变,修改,以使某物更趋完善,还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。

  He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气,脾气暴躁;朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。

  transform v.指彻底、深远的改变,这种变化完全改变了外观或特性,使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。

  Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。

  vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。

  Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。

  admit, confess, concede

  这几个动词都有"承认"的意思。

  admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而"承认"某一事实或过错。

  I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。

  confess v.供认(罪行、过错等),含有"坦白、招认"的意思。

  He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。

  concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误,但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认,还可以指"以退为进"的承认。

  The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。

  affiliate, link, attach, append

  这一组动词都有"附加"的意思。

  affiliate v.加入,成为……一部分。

  an affiliated middle school一所附属中学

  link v.将人或物连接起来。

  The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。

  attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。

  I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。

  append v.增加,附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。

  The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。

  affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim

  这一组动词都有"声称"的意思。

  affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称,是deny的反义词。

  He affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。

  assert v.指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称,或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。

  She asserted that she was innocent .她宣称自己是无辜的。

  allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。

  The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。

  claim v.要求,声称,断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。

  They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话,闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。

  announce v.宣布,宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度,常常带有预告的意味。

  The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。

  proclaim v.宣布;宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断,尤其指重大事件的宣布,多用于官方场合。

  The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。

  aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify

  这一组动词都有"加强"的意思。

  aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等),使之恶化。

  I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了,而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。

  reinforce v.增援,一般用于军队或警察的行动;(以添加材料等)加固。

  A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行,用无线电话要求增援。

  increase v.指数量上的增加。

  The number of people has been increased.人数增加了。

  strengthen v.加强,巩固,增强,相当于to become stronger。

  Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。

  Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。

  intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈,加剧,相当于to become more intense or intensive。

  intensify colors加深色彩intensify hatred加深仇恨

  alert, cautious, considerate

  这一组形容词都表示"小心的,谨慎的"。

  alert a.警惕的,留神的。

  The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边,时刻准备给大家斟酒。

  cautious a.细心的,谨慎的。

  He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。

  considerate a.关心他人的,体贴的。

  He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人,并且慈祥而富有同情心。

  alive, live, living, lively

  这一组形容词都跟"活"有关。

  alive a.活着的,有活力的,常作表语,作定语时必须后置。

  After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后,他奄奄一息。

  all man alive所有活着的人

  live a.活的,有活力的,现场直播的,

  We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。

  living a.活着的,作定语可前可后,可修饰人也可修饰物。

  Who is the world's greatest living artist?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家?

  living room起居室

  lively a.活泼的,栩栩如生的。

  She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘,总是欢声笑语忙个不停。

  alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline

  这一组动词都有"减少,减轻"的意思。

  alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻,缓和

  The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。

  diminish v.指因为不断消耗,在数量方面缓慢减少,也指在素质或者价值的下降。

  The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。

  reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。

  He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。

  decrease v.指数量上的减少;力量或者强度的减弱。

  The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。

  decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降;谢绝,婉言推辞;衰退,衰落。

  Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。

  He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。

  allocate, separate, detach, divide

  这一组动词都有"分开"的意思。

  allocate v.分配,把……拨给。

  The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。

  separate v.人为地分开,使隔离开。

  We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。

  detach v.拆开组合的物体;远离,疏远。

  We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。

  divide v.指将整体分为若干个部分。

  The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。

  ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim

  这一组形容词都有"模糊"的意思。

  ambiguous a.意义含糊的,有歧义的,指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。

  His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。

  obscure a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。

  The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解,因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。

  vague a.含混的,不清楚的,多用于比喻意义,用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚,该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。

  He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么,但没有具体的计划。

  unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚,使人难以看懂;不肯定的。

  Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。

  It is unclear whether the economy will get better.经济是否好转仍不明朗。

  dim a.光线暗淡的,看不清的;记忆力模糊的;不大可能的。

  Don't work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光线下工作。

  His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康复的可能性十分渺茫。

[B]Heal the liver![/B]

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荣誉之星 乐园开心

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发表于 2003-8-23 06:37

学外语的五大忌讳

一,过分讲究方法和技巧,而不愿意下真功夫。语言的运用是一种技能,但这种技能不是专靠技巧能够获得的。太讲究方法和技巧会被其占用很多的时间和精力,而对学习的内容本身投入较少的时间和精力,因此反而会影响学习的效果。如有一个参加高等教育自学考试的青年,他订了10多种关于自学和考试的刊物,认真学习和研究,讲起方法来一套一套的,可他每次参考的科目却大多考不及格。这是因为他只顾钻研方法和技巧,在学习内容上花的时间和精力太少,而且养成了投机取巧、不肯下功夫的习惯。方法和技巧只能适当利用,并且要从自己的学习实践中摸索出适合自己的方法和技巧才会真正管用。

  第二,过分讲究速度和效率,不愿花时间经常重复(复习)已学过的内容。语言运用是一种技能,技能则只有靠熟能生巧,要不断重复才会熟练,只有熟练了才会形成一种不假思索的技能。

  第三,三天打鱼两天晒网,没有恒心,不能长期坚持学习。技能的熟练要有一个过程,在这个过程中会遇到各种困难,但不能向困难低头,要坚持不懈地反复学习,持之以恒。

  第四,不重视听力训练。语言是有声的,我们对语言的感受首先是语言的声音作用于我们的大脑。如果不练习听力,只是默默地阅读和背单词,其结果不仅听不懂别人讲外语,而且阅读水平也难以提高。

  第五,只学而不用。语言的实践性很强,如果只学而不用,就永远也学不好。我们学语言的目的就是为了应用,要学会在用中学习,这样才能提高兴趣,达到好的学习效果。
[B]Heal the liver![/B]
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