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哈佛突破/幹細胞培養肝臟 五年內成真
〔國際新聞中心/綜合報導〕新研究顯示,科學家最快或可在五年內,在實驗室中培養出可供人類移植的人工肝臟,如果實驗順利,不僅可為肝病治療帶來革命,也將為無數因器官受損所苦、等待移植的病患燃起新希望。
取自病患自體細胞 降低排斥
哈佛醫學院尤剛團隊研發的這項技術,基本理念是在實驗室裡培養可供移植的肝臟。科學家先將較老化、受損或不太堪用的肝臟浸泡在去垢劑裡,將肝臟細胞移除,留下由膠原與血管組成的「骨架」;接著科學家將使用病患皮膚製造的健康肝臟幹細胞植入「骨架」,讓原本的肝臟重新活過來,可供移植的新肝臟就此誕生。由於新肝臟是以病患自體細胞製成,病患移植後無須服用抗排斥劑。
現今捐贈的肝臟常因老化或功能受損被棄而不用,無法造福等候換肝的病患;如果尤剛的實驗成功,將為肝病療法帶來革命性變革,無數等待移植器官患者,也可能因此受益。
科學家未來希望能利用豬肝或人工骨架來製造新生肝臟,讓苦等捐贈者的情況徹底成為過去。尤剛團隊將以老鼠試驗來讓造肝技術更臻完美,最快五到十年內,這項技術就可應用在人類身上。但尤剛也坦承,過去細胞工程也曾提出在實驗室製造類似細胞的承諾,結果卻未如預期,因此他傾向抱持審慎樂觀的態度,因為他自己的團隊也還有許多障礙有待克服。
Organ reengineering through development of a transplantable recellularized liver graft using decellularized liver matrix
Basak E Uygun<>, Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez<>,<>, Hiroshi Yagi<>,<>, Maria-Louisa Izamis<>, Maria A Guzzardi<>,<>, Carley Shulman<>, Jack Milwid<>, Naoya Kobayashi<>, Arno Tilles<>, Francois Berthiaume<>,<>, Martin Hertl<>, Yaakov Nahmias<>,<>, Martin L Yarmush<>,<> & Korkut Uygun<>
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only available treatment for severe liver failure, but it is currently limited by organ shortage. One technical challenge that has thus far limited the development of a tissue-engineered liver graft is oxygen and nutrient transport. Here we demonstrate a novel approach to generate transplantable liver grafts using decellularized liver matrix. The decellularization process preserves the structural and functional characteristics of the native microvascular network, allowing efficient recellularization of the liver matrix with adult hepatocytes and subsequent perfusion for in vitro culture. The recellularized graft supports liver-specific function including albumin secretion, urea synthesis and cytochrome P450 expression at comparable levels to normal liver in vitro. The recellularized liver grafts can be transplanted into rats, supporting hepatocyte survival and function with minimal ischemic damage. These results provide a proof of principle for the generation of a transplantable liver graft as a potential treatment for liver disease. |
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