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肝胆相照论坛 论坛 乙肝科普 存档 1 翻译完毕乙肝免疫策略资料,感谢大家
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翻译完毕乙肝免疫策略资料,感谢大家 [复制链接]

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发表于 2006-10-29 10:23

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
Membership List, June 2005

Chairman: Myron J. Levin, MD, Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado.

Executive Secretary: Larry Pickering, MD, National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.

Members: Jon S. Abramson, MD, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Ban Mishu Allos, MD, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Guthrie S. Birkhead, MD, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York; Judith Campbell, MD, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Reginald Finger, MD, Focus on the Family, Colorado Springs, Colorado; Janet Gildsdorf, MD, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Tracy Lieu, MD, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Edgar Marcuse, MD, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington; Julia Morita, MD, Chicago Department of Health, Chicago, Illinois; Gregory Poland, MD, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; John B. Salamone, National Italian American Foundation, Washington, DC; Patricia Stinchfield, Children's Hospital and Clinics, St. Paul, Minnesota; John J. Treanor, MD, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Robin Womeodu, MD, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee.

Ex-Officio Members: James E. Cheek, MD, Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Wayne Hachey, DO, Department of Defense, Falls Church, Virginia; Geoffrey S. Evans, MD, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland; Bruce Gellin, MD, National Vaccine Program Office, Washington, DC; Linda Murphy, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Baltimore, Maryland; George T. Curlin, MD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Norman Baylor, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland; Kristin Lee Nichol, MD, Department of Veterans Affairs, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Liaison Representatives: American Academy of Family Physicians, Jonathan Temte, MD, Clarence, New York, and Richard Clover, MD, Louisville, Kentucky; American Academy of Pediatrics, Margaret Rennels, MD, Baltimore, Maryland, and Carol Baker, MD, Houston, Texas; America's Health Insurance Plans, Andrea Gelzer, MD, Hartford, Connecticut; American College Health Association, James C. Turner, MD, Charlottesville, Virginia; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Stanley Gall, MD, Louisville, Kentucky; American College of Physicians, Kathleen Neuzil, MD, Seattle, Washington; American Medical Association, Litjen Tan, PhD, Chicago, Illinois; American Pharmacists Association, Stephan L. Foster, PharmD, Memphis, Tennessee; Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine, W. Paul McKinney, MD, Louisville, Kentucky; Biotechnology Industry Organization, Clement Lewin, PhD, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Canadian National Advisory Committee on Immunization, Monica Naus, MD, Vancouver, British Columbia; Health-Care Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, Steve Gordon, MD, Cleveland, Ohio; Infectious Diseases Society of America, Samuel L. Katz, MD, Durham, North Carolina, and William Schaffner, MD, Nashville, Tennessee; London Department of Health, David M. Salisbury, MD, London, United Kingdom; National Association of County and City Health Officials, Nancy Bennett, MD, Rochester, New York; National Coalition for Adult Immunization, David A. Neumann, PhD, Bethesda, Maryland; National Immunization Council and Child Health Program, Mexico, Romeo Rodriguez, Mexico City, Mexico; National Medical Association, Dennis A. Brooks, MD, Baltimore, Maryland; National Vaccine Advisory Committee, Charles Helms, MD, PhD, Iowa City, Iowa; Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, Damian A. Braga, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, and Peter Paradiso, PhD, Collegeville, Pennsylvania; and Society for Adolescent Medicine, Amy Middleman, MD, Houston, Texas.

ACIP Hepatitis Vaccines Working Group

Chair: Tracy Lieu, MD, Boston, Massachusetts.

Members: Jon Abramson, MD, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Beth Bell, MD, Atlanta, Georgia; James E. Cheek, MD, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Anthony Fiore, MD, Atlanta, Georgia; Stephen Feinstone, MD, Bethesda, Maryland; Robert Frenck, MD, Torrance, California; Stanley Gall, MD, Louisville, Kentucky; Janet Gildsdorf, MD, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Steve Gordon, MD, Cleveland, Ohio; Samuel L. Katz, MD, Durham, North Carolina; Edgar Marcuse, MD, Seattle, Washington; Ban Mishu Allos, MD, Nashville, Tennessee; Eric Mast, MD, Atlanta, Georgia; Julia Morita, MD, Chicago, Illinois; William Schaffner, MD, Nashville, Tennessee; Deborah Wexler, MD, St. Paul, Minnesota.

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发表于 2006-10-29 10:24
实事求是,注重科学,坚持真理,敢讲真话
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发表于 2006-10-29 10:27


    


      勘误

Errata: Vol. 54, No. RR-16

In the MMWR Recommendations and Reports, "A Comprehensive Immunization Strategy to Eliminate Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), Part 1: Immunization of Infants, Children, and Adolescents," the following errors occurred:

On page 8, the last two footnotes in Table 2 should read, "¶¶Dialysis formulation administered on a 3-dose schedule at 0, 1, and 6 months. ***Two 1.0-mL doses administered at one site, on a 4-dose schedule at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months."

On pages 27--28, in the section titled, "Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG) Dose and Administration," the second sentence of the third bullet should read, "For neonates (aged <1 month) and infants (aged 1--12 months), HBIG should be administered intramuscularly in the anterolateral thigh using a 22--25-gauge needle. The appropriate needle length is usually 5/8" for neonates and 7/8"--1" for infants."
     

On page 29, second column, the second sentence of the second bullet should read, "Administration of three doses on an appropriate schedule (Table 5), followed by anti-HBs testing 1--2 months after the third dose, is usually more practical than serologic testing after one or more doses of vaccine."

Also on page 29, second column, third bullet, the first sub-bullet should read, "--- If the HBsAg test result is positive, the persons should receive appropriate management, and any household, sexual, or needle-sharing contacts should be identified and vaccinated (see Appendix A)."

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-10-29 1:07:07编辑过]

实事求是,注重科学,坚持真理,敢讲真话
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发表于 2006-10-29 10:33

祝愿天下所有hbver生活幸福美满,好好面对生活,无论境况如何之不如意,记得有很多的同仁在一起努力奋斗!期望有一天,天下无乙肝!

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发表于 2006-10-29 10:38

接触途径(cause

间断性的接触了HBV病毒源

经皮(例如:叮咬,针刺)或者体表粘膜途径接触到含HBV病毒的血液或者体液 

HbsAg阳性患者有性接触或者共享针头 

遭受到HbsAg呈阳性的罪犯的性侵害/性虐待 

间断性的接触了HBV疑似源

遭受到未知HbsAg状态的罪犯的性侵害/性虐待 

经皮(例如:叮咬,针刺)或者体表粘膜途径接触到未知HbsAg类型的血液或者体液 

采取对策(action 

注射乙肝免疫疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白 

注射乙肝免疫疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白* 

注射乙肝免疫疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白* 

注射免疫疫苗* 

注射免疫疫苗* 

*应尽快采取免疫预防措施,最好在24小时之内,现有研究只限于接触到病毒源后采取预防措施依然有效的最长间隔时间,对于经皮或者体表粘膜途径与病毒源接触,时间不能超过7天,如果是性接触,最长时间不可以超过14天。应当完成整个免疫疫苗的接种疗程。
希望若干年后,不会为今天的肆意挥霍时间而后悔, 从此控制上网,祝福新老朋友过得开开心心!

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发表于 2006-10-29 10:39
实事求是,注重科学,坚持真理,敢讲真话
敢为人先,务实进取,开放兼容,敬业奉献

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发表于 2006-10-29 10:42

http://dict.baidu.com

http://dict.cn

韦氏词典
牛津英语大词典
剑桥美国英语辞典

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-10-28 22:59:51编辑过]

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发表于 2006-10-29 10:45
实事求是,注重科学,坚持真理,敢讲真话
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发表于 2006-10-29 10:58

Appendix A

Case Finding and Management of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)--Positive Persons During Delivery of Vaccination Services

Chronically infected persons are at high risk for chronic liver disease and are a major reservoir of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Foreign-born persons, especially persons from Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands, have high* rates of chronic HBV infection. During delivery of recommended hepatitis B vaccination services (e.g., HBsAg screening of pregnant women and serologic testing to assess susceptibility), vaccination providers will identify persons who are HBsAg positive. These persons require counseling and medical management for chronic HBV infection to reduce their risk for chronic liver disease. Their susceptible household, sexual, and needle-sharing contacts also need to be vaccinated against hepatitis B.

Few programs have been implemented to identify HBsAg-positive persons, provide or refer these persons for appropriate medical management, and provide vaccination to their contacts (1). Extending these services to persons identified as HBsAg positive will help prevent serious sequelae in chronically infected persons and enhance vaccination strategies for elimination of HBV transmission. This Appendix addresses case finding and management of persons with chronic HBV infection in the context of vaccine delivery. The recommendations are not intended to represent a comprehensive prevention program for chronically infected persons.

Case Finding in the Context of Vaccination Service Delivery
 

  • All foreign-born persons (including immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers, and internationally adopted children) born in Asia, the Pacific Islands, Africa, and other regions with high endemicity of HBV infection (Box A-1) should be tested for HBsAg, regardless of vaccination status.
    --- For all persons born in high-endemic countries who are applying for permanent U.S. residence, HBsAg screening and appropriate follow-up on the basis of HBsAg test results should be included as part of the required overseas premigration and domestic adjustment-of-visa status medical examination process (2). HBsAg-positive persons should be considered eligible for migration and adjustment-of-visa status and counseled and recommended for follow-up medical evaluation and management in U.S. resettlement communities.
    --- Providers should identify children born in high-endemic countries and provide HBsAg testing and follow-up in all settings that provide health care. Retesting of persons who were tested for HBsAg in other countries should be considered.
  • Other persons who should be tested for HBsAg as part of vaccination services include
    --- all pregnant women (See Prevention of Perinatal HBV Infection and Management of Pregnant Women),
    --- persons who receive prevaccination testing for susceptibility and who test positive for anti-HBc (See Prevaccination Testing for Susceptibility),
    --- hemodialysis patients, and
    --- nonresponders to vaccination (See Appendix B, Postvaccination Testing for Serologic Response).
Management of Persons Identified as HBsAg Positive
 

  • All persons with HBsAg-positive laboratory results should be reported to the state or local health department.
  • To verify the presence of chronic HBV infection, HBsAg-positive persons should be retested. The absence of immunoglobulin M antibody to HBcAg or the persistence of HBsAg for 6 months indicates chronic HBV infection.
  • Persons with chronic HBV infection should be referred for evaluation by a physician experienced in the management of chronic liver disease (3). Certain patients with chronic hepatitis B will benefit from early intervention with antiviral treatment or screening to detect hepatocellular carcinoma at an early stage.
  • Household, sexual, and needle-sharing contacts of chronically infected persons should be identified. Unvaccinated sex partners and household and needle-sharing contacts should be tested for susceptibility to HBV infection (see Prevaccination Serologic Testing for Susceptibility) and should receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine immediately after collection of the blood sample for serologic testing. Susceptible persons should complete the vaccine series using an age-appropriate vaccine dose and schedule (see Tables 2 and 6) Persons who are not fully vaccinated should complete the vaccine series.
  • Sex partners of HBsAg-positive persons should be counseled to use methods (e.g., condoms) to protect themselves from sexual exposure to infectious body fluids (e.g., semen or vaginal secretions) unless they have been demonstrated to be immune after vaccination (i.e., anti-HBs >10 mIU/mL) or previously infected (anti-HBc positive).
  • To prevent or reduce the risk for transmission to others, HBsAg-positive persons should be advised concerning the risks for
    --- perinatal transmission to infants born to HBsAg-positive women and the need for such infants to receive hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG beginning at birth (see Prevention of Perinatal HBV Infection and Management of Pregnant Women) and
    --- transmission to household, sexual, and needle-sharing contacts and the need for such contacts to receive hepatitis B vaccine.
  • HBsAg-positive persons should also be advised to
    --- use methods (e.g., condoms) to protect nonimmune sex partners from acquiring HBV infection from sexual activity until the sex partners can be vaccinated and immunity documented;
    --- cover cuts and skin lesions to prevent the spread of infectious secretions or blood;
    --- refrain from donating blood, plasma, tissue, or semen (organs may be donated to HBV-immune or chronically infected persons needing a transplant); and
    --- refrain from sharing household articles (e.g., toothbrushes, razors, or personal injection equipment) that could become contaminated with blood.
  • To protect the liver from further harm, HBsAg-positive persons should be advised to
    --- avoid or limit alcohol consumption because of the effects of alcohol on the liver;
    --- refrain from beginning to take any new medicines, including over-the-counter and herbal medicines, without consulting their health-care provider; and
    --- obtain vaccination against hepatitis A if chronic liver disease is found to be present.
  • When seeking medical or dental care, HBsAg-positive persons should be advised to inform those responsible for their care of their HBsAg status so they can be evaluated and their care managed appropriately.
  • Other counseling messages:
    --- HBV is not spread by breastfeeding, kissing, hugging, coughing, ingesting food or water, sharing eating utensils or drinking glasses, or casual contact.
    --- Persons should not be excluded from school, play, child care, work, or other settings on the basis of their HBsAg status unless they are prone to biting (4).
    --- Involvement with a support group might help patients cope with chronic HBV infection.

References

  1. Weinberg MS, Gunn RA, Mast EE, Gresham L, Ginsberg M. Preventing transmission of hepatitis B virus from people with chronic infection. Am J Prev Med 2001;20:272--6.
  2. CDC. Medical examinations. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2005. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dq/health.htm.
  3. Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2001;34: 1225--41.
  4. Shapiro CN, McCaig LF, Gensheimer KF et al. Hepatitis B virus transmission between children in day care. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989;8:870--5.

    * Hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence of >8%.

    Box A-1

    Box A-1

    Box A-1

    Box A-1

    http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5416a2.htm

    [此贴子已经被作者于2006-10-28 22:07:47编辑过]

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    发表于 2006-10-29 11:43
    综合防疫策略,消除传染B型肝炎病毒感染在美国免疫咨询委员会的建议做法(acip)第一部分:婴儿免疫、儿童与青少年请注意:勘误已发表这篇文章.观看勘误,请按此.编写龄e.肥大、Ⅰ哈罗德第margolis、海事一日安东尼e.fiore,濒临海事一日承天布、海事1,2苏珊的Goldstein汤匙、海事一日苏珊王甲、海事一日一日限值页逐年甲moyer钟,海事一日刘健j.变更phd1碘病毒性肝炎、国家中心传染病2immunization服务部全国计划免疫物质起源于这个国家中心的报告传染病,奥哈巴兹六、海事处处长、师病毒性肝炎约翰特约病房,海事处处长; 而全国免疫计划,安妮schuchat、海事、董事、免疫科、长矛e.rodewald、海事主任.相应编写:谦e.肥大、海事、病毒性肝炎科、传染病中心,1600clifton道氖、余政-37,亚特兰大镓30333.电话:404-371-5460; 传真:404-371-5221; 电子邮件:[email protected].这是中国第一部总结报告分两部分接种咨询委员会的声明行为(acip)更新策略,以消除乙肝病毒(HBV)输在美国.报告提供的最新建议,以改善围产期和幼儿预防乙肝传播实施全民防疫,包括婴儿出生时开始,以及增加疫苗接种疫苗的儿童和青少年中以前.战略实施的建议包括提高1)建立行政常规乙肝疫苗从出生;2)建立政策和程序,并案交付医院管理方案,以改善免疫识别和管理为母亲所生婴儿乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)乙肝表面抗原阳性,母亲不明身份的交货时间;和3)执行备案审查所有儿童接种11岁--12岁的儿童和青少年,年龄"19年出生的高、中级国家乙肝流行,采用乙肝疫苗的入学要求、乙肝疫苗结合成背景,为青少年服务.第二部分的acip声明其中将包括最新建议和策略,以提高乙肝疫苗的成年人,将另行公布.
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