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发表于 2004-8-4 22:14
第六部分 域外介绍 澳大利亚、日本对乙肝病毒携带者的保护------------------
一、澳大利亚法律明确规定禁止雇主对员工进行录用前体检筛选
二、日一男子应聘检出乙肝遭拒 东京地裁判决赔偿
一、澳大利亚法律明确规定禁止雇主对员工进行录用前体检筛选
CODE OF PRACTICE ON THE MANAGEMENT OF HIV/AIDS AND HEPATITIS AT WORKPLACE APPENDIX F DISCRIMINATION
有关HIV/AIDS和肝炎在工作场所的规定 附录F 歧视
Under the Equal Opportunity Act 1984 and the Disability Discrimination Act 1993, employers must not discriminate against an employee on the grounds of a past, present, imputed or future impairment. The discrimination can be direct or indirect.
根据平等机会法1984和残废/障歧视法1993,雇主不得因为过去,现在或将来的缺陷(障碍)歧视雇员。歧视包括直接或间接的歧视。
Direct discrimination involves treatment that favours one person over another person in the same or similar circumstances. An example would be terminating the employment of someone because they have HIV or requiring patients who have HIV to wear identifying wrist bands.
直接的歧视包括,在相同或相似的情形/条件下给予某人比另外一个人更好的待遇。例如,因为雇员感染HIV而解雇该雇员,或要求HIV病人佩戴起标志作用的手带/饰物。
Indirect discrimination can occur if there are rules or requirements which apply to everyone, but which have the effect of disadvantaging one group and are not reasonable in the circumstances.
间接的歧视包括,制定对某一群人有不利因素,不合理的且适用于所有雇员的规定或要求。
Employer responsibilities
雇主的责任
With regard to HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C in the workplace:
有关工作场所内HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝炎:
• Employees with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C should be treated in the same manner as any employee with a non-work related illness (eg., cancer, heart disease).
• 有HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝炎的雇员应该得到和其他任何没有影响工作(工作相关)的疾病(如癌症,心脏病)的雇员相同的待遇。
• All employment decisions should be based exclusively on criteria relating to merit and fitness and have no reference to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV infection or AIDS related illnesses.
• 所有有关雇佣的决定应该只基于雇员品德和工作能力,是否有HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝炎不得作为影响决定的因素。
• Pre-employment medical screening of employees for HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C should not be carried out unless relevant for assessment of medical fitness for work.
• 除非在HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝炎有影响该工作的情况下,不应该进行针对HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝炎的雇佣前体检筛选。
•Any information pertaining to an individual''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''s HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C status should be kept confidential.
• 所有有关雇员的HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝炎的情况属于保密。
• Unless the work poses a danger to the employee, other employees or the public, the employer need not be informed that an employee is infected. The employer is not obliged to inform anyone should they become aware that an employee is infected.
• 除非该工作对该雇员,其他雇员或公众形成危害,不用告知雇主某雇员被感染。雇主也没有义务通知任何人某雇员被感染(HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝炎)
• Notwithstanding this, health care workers and emergency service providers who become infected with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C have special responsibilities in relation to possible risks to others and require special advice on their obligations in the workplace from the Director, Communicable Disease Control Branch, Health Department of Western Australia.
• 因为可能的对其他人的危害,对于医务工作者和紧急救护人员,如感染HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝炎,相关的工作场所的规定,需要向西澳大利亚卫生部传染病控制中心主管特别咨询。
• Employers who become aware of a prospective or existing employee with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C are obliged to make any reasonable adjustment required to ensure the employee can continue to carry out the essential requirements of the job, so long as the adjustment does not cause unjustifiable hardship in terms of cost, dislocation to work practices etc.
• 如果知道有雇员可能感染或已感染HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝炎,雇主有责任进行合理的调整以使的该雇员能继续胜任其工作,只要该调整不会造成过高的成本,或引起工作秩序的混乱。
• All normal sick leave and other leave entitlements should be no different for HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C illnesses than for other illnesses.
• 正常的病假和其它请假的批准条件,对于HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝炎不得有任何的不同。
• Where practicable, an employee with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C should not be required to work where there is risk of transmission of other diseases which may increase or aggravate that employee'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s ill-health.
• 在允许的情况下,患有HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝炎的雇员不应被安排从事有可能感染其它传染病的工作,以防止进一步损害雇员的健康。
Other equal opportunity
其他平等机会
Other Equal Opportunity laws make it illegal to discriminate on the grounds of an employee’s sexual preferences and race. With regard to HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C, this makes it illegal to discriminate in the following circumstances:
不得因雇员的性取向歧视 (详略)
A person''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s sexual preference: For example, discrimination against someone because of their homosexuality, or assumed homosexuality, and therefore the assumption that they may have HIV infection or AIDS.
A person''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s race: For example, if it is assumed that people from certain countries are likely to have HIV infection or AIDS.
不得因雇员的种族歧视 (详略)
Employee responsibilities
雇员的责任
Unless the work poses a danger to employees or the public, employees are not obliged to inform their employer should they become aware that they, or another employee, are infected with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C.
除非该工作对雇员或公众构成危害,雇员没有义务要求雇主他们应知道谁感染HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝炎
Unless the work poses a danger to employees or the public, there should be no denial of services to existing or potential clients on the grounds that those clients have or are thought to have HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C.
除非该工作对雇员或公众构成危害,不得因为客户患有或认为患有HIV/AIDS,B型肝炎或C型肝而不对其进行服务。
Confidentiality and the requirement to obtain consent to waive that confidentiality should be respected.
保密应该得到尊重,取消保密需要获得当事人同意。
2003-12-22 14:16:03
新南威尔士:
Is it against the law to discriminate against me because I have an infectious disease?
Yes. In New South Wales it is generally against the law to treat you unfairly or harass you because you have an infectious disease, including hepatitis A, B or C; if you are living with HIV/AIDS; or if you have an airborne disease such as tuberculosis. It is against the law to discriminate if:
●you have an infectious disease now, or someone thinks you have an infectious disease - this applies even if you have no symptoms
●you had an infectious disease in the past, or someone thinks you had one in the past
●someone thinks you might get an infectious disease in the future
●you have a relative, friend or work colleague who has (or someone thinks has) an infectious disease.
歧视传染性疾病患者是否违反法律?
是的。在新南威尔士,任何因你患有传染性疾病(包括甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎)而给你不公平的对待或困扰,都是违法的。…………,因下列情况而歧视你都将导致违法:
●你正患有传染性疾病,或别人认为你患有传染性疾病——尽管可能没有任何症状。
●你过去曾患有传染性疾病,或别人认为你曾经患有。
●他人认为你将来可能会感染某种传染性疾病。
When is it against the law to discriminate?
Discrimination is against the law:
●in most types of employment - when you apply for a job, or at any time during your employment, or when you leave a job. If you can do the job safely and effectively then you must not be discriminated against
●when you try to get, or get, most types of goods or services - for example, from shops, dentists, doctors, hospitals, pubs and entertainment places, banks, lawyers, government departments, local councils
●when you rent, or try to rent, accommodation - for example, a unit, house, commercial premises, hotel or motel room, caravan...
●when you apply to get into, or are studying in, any state educational institution - government school, college, TAFE or university
●when you try to enter, join or get services from a registered club - a registered club includes any club that sells alcohol or has gambling machines.
何时的歧视才会违法法律?
歧视违法法律。
●在大多数工作形式中——当你申请某种工作,或者正处于工作状态的任何时候,或者辞去某种工作的时候。如果你能安全而又有效率地从事这项工作的,你不能因此而遭受歧视。
●当你从某处购买或接受绝大多数商品和服务时(或做出这样的努力时)——如商店、牙科医生、医生、医院、酒吧以及娱乐场所、银行、律师行、政府部门和地方机构等。
●当你租用某个地方时(或做出这样的努力时)——如一个单元、房屋、商业场地、宾馆或者汽车旅馆、旅行队等等。
●当你申请进入任何一所国家教育机构时就学时或正求学于此——如公立学校、学院、TAFE或者大学。
●当你准备加入或从注册俱乐部接受服务时——一注册俱乐部包括出售酒精或者赌博机器的任何俱乐部。
Employers, service providers, education providers, etc also have a legal duty to provide you with any special facilities or services you need in order to do the job, access the service, study at the educational authority, etc, as long as it will not cause them "unjustifiable hardship" to do this.
雇主、服务提供者、教育提供者等也有向你提供从事该工作所必学的任何特殊设备或者服务的法定义务。……只要这样做不会为他们带来“不合理的麻烦”。
If an employer, workmate, service or accommodation provider tells anyone else about your infectious disease when you have not said they can, this could also lead to discrimination that is against the law. It may also be against privacy laws.
如果雇主、同事、服务或住所提供者未经你的允许告诉任何人关于你的传染病病情,它将导致违反法律的歧视,也将违反有关保护隐私的法律。
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