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Vitamin D role in hepatitis B: focus on immune system and genetics mechanism
Arghavan Asghari 1 2 , Fatemeh Jafari 3 4 , Maryam Jameshorani 5 6 , Hossein Chiti 5 , Mohsen Naseri 7 8 , Anahita Ghafourirankouhi 9 , Omid Kooshkaki 2 , Alireza Abdshah 10 , Negin Parsamanesh 5
Affiliations
Affiliations
1
Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
2
Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
3
Radiation Oncology Research Center, Iran Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4
Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
5
Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran.
6
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran.
7
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
8
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
9
Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran.
10
School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
PMID: 36411916 PMCID: PMC9674901 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11569
Free PMC article
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, viral hepatitis has been a problem in human society. Vitamins play a significant role in preventing the hepatocarcinoma and liver cirrhosis. In this report, we will first focus on the vitamin D function in the immune system reactions, and then investigate its role in the viral infections and the signaling pathway of hepatitis B virus. The existence of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 27B1 enzyme, which is involved in vitamin D synthesis in immune system cells, has drawn researchers ' attention to the field of immune system. Toll like receptor (TLR) play a significant role in the immune system, and are one of the primary receptors of the innate immune system. In addition, the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines, such as Interferon γ (IFNγ) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is one of the key roles of T helper type 1 (Th1) cells; these cells can suppress two cited cytokines via vitamin D. In the chronic phase of hepatitis B, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) cells have weaker performance than the acute phase of the disease. The association between vitamin D physiologies with viral infections is also confirmed by genetic studies, carried out on genetic variations of vitamin D receptor (VDR) R-encoding disease susceptibility gene. Vitamin D affects different phases of the disease. Therefore, further experiments in this area are proposed.
Keywords: Genetics; Hepatitis B; Immune system; Vitamin D.
© 2022 The Author(s).
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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