本帖最后由 StephenW 于 2011-10-28 05:05 编辑
Changing Trends in the Evaluation and Management of Pregnant Women Chronically Infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in a New York City Public Health Network, 2004 - 2010
C. Punzalan1; K. Wan1; H. Pollack1
1. Saul Krugman Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
BACKGROUND: Prenatal screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the United States is mandatory. The management of HBsAg positive pregnant women is not standardized. The characteristics of hepatitis B infection in HBsAg positive pregnant women are largely unknown. The aim of this study is to describe the laboratory characteristics and management of pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a New York City public health care network. METHODS: In a retrospective medical chart review, 610 pregnant women who sought prenatal care in our system from January 1, 2004 to July 31, 2010 were identified as HBsAg carriers. Data of demographics, hepatitis B serology,clinical services and antiviral use was collected. RESULTS: In this study, the610 women had 742 pregnancies. The mean age was 27.3 years (range 14 – 42). The majority of women (86.5%) were Asian/Pacific Islanders. In 33.8% ofpregnancies, the mother was hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive. The alanine transaminase (ALT) median was >19 units/liter in 43.4% of pregnancies. Viral loads were only measured in half of the pregnancies. In 30% of pregnancies witha viral load measurement, the HBV DNA closest to delivery was >10e5copies/mL. About 101 pregnancies (13%) had a viral load > 10e5copies/mL and an ALT median >19 units/liter. We defined a minimum evaluation of HBsAg positive pregnant women to include an assessment of ALT, HBe status and HBVDNA. Overall, 363 (49.1%) pregnancies had this evaluation. There were marked differences of the management of pregnant HBsAg positive women between the years 2004-2006 and 2007-2010. In 2004 – 2006, only 28.5% of pregnancies had the minimum evaluation, but afterwards, all three tests were done in >75% of pregnancies. Hepatitis specialists, consulted in 26.8% of pregnancies,prescribed antiviral drugs in 130 (17.5%) pregnancies, usually in the third trimester (66.9%). The average length of treatment during pregnancy was 100.8days (range 8 – 280). Antiviral drugs were prescribed in 13.9% of 2004 – 2006 pregnancies and in 22.5% pregnancies of 2007-2010. The most prescribed antiviral was emtricitabine-tenofovir (40%). In 2004-2006, lamivudine comprised>45% of antiviral prescriptions, but less so (7%) after 2006. CONCLUSIONS:The study reveals changing management patterns of HBsAg positive pregnant women. Guidelines for the management of pregnant women chronically infected with HBV should be standardized to establish ongoing monitoring for HBV-related complications, provide HBV-specific treatment and decrease the risk of immunoprophylaxis failure in their infants. |