美国研制的肝癌疫苗乙肝能用吗？

mingbai

最近看《家庭医生》杂志，说美国正在研究两个肿瘤疫苗，一个是乳腺癌疫苗，一个是肝癌疫苗，现在正在临床。我对肝癌疫苗比较感兴趣，但不知乙肝携带者有用吗？如果不适用，是很遗憾的。



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第一投注.现金网:招代理年薪10万以上:6668.cc

布隆方丹

美利坚是人类的希望

富贵数字

成功了就有用吧, 不过不知道什么时候的事 , 打了防止肝癌  到时候乙肝就没什么可担心的了

mingbai

但如果对乙肝患者不适用，或感染了乙肝病毒就没有用，对于我们还不是一个好消息。

lanwj

按照我的理解，对hbver应该是没有效果的，所谓肝癌疫苗，其实就相当于乙肝疫苗，这里可能再加上一个丙肝疫苗（现在还没有研制出来）比较好，因为肝癌大多都是由乙肝或丙肝转化而来，如果预防了乙肝和丙肝，那肝癌的风险几乎就等于零。

再活十年

用来专对付AFP蛋白，应该有用吧，这个疫苗要本就是为乙肝丙肝设置的！

liver411

乳癌的有，肝癌的不知道。

这是Discover杂志上关于乳癌疫苗的文章：在老鼠身上，乳癌“疫苗”训练机体和癌细胞斗争

http://blogs.discovermagazine.co ... ht-cancerous-cells/

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In Mice, Breast Cancer “Vaccine” Trains the Body to Fight Cancerous Cells

Yes, it’s in the early stages of research. And yes, it’s been tested only on mice. But the procedure developed by Vincent Tuohy and his team, billed as a preliminary breast cancer vaccine, has raised hopes once more that one day in the not-too-distant future such a procedure could be available for humans.

In a study this month in Nature Medicine, Tuohy tested the vaccine on mice genetically engineered to be more cancer-prone. The ones that received the full vaccine, with a protein called a-lactalbumin, didn’t develop breast cancer. All the others did.

Cancer presents a quandary that viruses don’t in terms of developing vaccines, experts point out. While viruses are recognized as foreign invaders by the immune system, cancer isn’t. Cancer is an over-development of the body’s own cells. Trying to vaccinate against such cell over-growth would effectively be vaccinating against the recipient’s own body, destroying healthy tissue [CBS News].

But the a-lactalbumin protein could be a marker that helps to get around that problem. It can be found in most cancerous breast tissue, and healthy women produce the protein only during lactation. The idea, then, is to use a-lactalbumin as an antigen—a molecule that attracts the attention of the immune system. Tuohy says the vaccine trains the body’s immune system to recognize the a-lactalbumin protein as a threat, and prepares it to mount a response to the protein if it’s encountered again. So the body’s natural defenses don’t strike haphazardly at healthy cells, but instead target only the cancerous cells that bear the protein. (Because women do produce the protein during lactation, Tuohy says such a procedure is intended for women who are past child-bearing age; they are at higher overall risk anyway.)

Before medical research moves to human trials, though, the Food and Drug Administration typically requires testing on multiple animal species, so Tuohy says he would most likely test rats next.

The FDA has granted approval to two cancer-prevention vaccines: cervical and liver cancer. However, these vaccines target viruses, while the one tested by the Cleveland Clinic targets cancer formation. If any human testing proves successful, the strategy would be to vaccinate women 40 and over as well as younger women with a heightened risk of breast cancer [CNN].

Also, this spring the FDA approved the prostate cancer treatment Provenge, which is often referred to as a prostate cancer vaccine. Provenge takes a somewhat similar approach to the new breast cancer treatment in that it trains the body’s immune system to fight cancerous cells.

Related Content:
80beats: With Prostate Cancer “Vaccine,” Immune System Wages War Against Tumors
80beats: Breast-Feeding May Cut Cancer Risk Among High-Risk Women
80beats: Can Breast Cancer Tumors Vanish Without Treatment?
80beats: Genetic Test Could Predict Breast Cancer Risk for Young Women
Gene Expression: Patenting the “Breast Cancer Gene”

Image: iStockphoto

June 1st, 2010 1:53 PM Tags: breast cancer, cancer, vaccines
by Andrew Moseman in Health & Medicine | 4 comments | RSS feed | Trackback >
4 Responses to “In Mice, Breast Cancer “Vaccine” Trains the Body to Fight Cancerous Cells”

   1. 1.   jeffrey dach md Says:
      June 2nd, 2010 at 4:04 am

      Iodine deficient diets in animals induces breast cancer and goiter.The Shrivastava group in India reported molecular iodine induces apoptosis (programmed cell death) in human breast cancer cell cultures. “Iodine showed cytotoxic effects in the cultured human breast cancer cells”.

      From Mexico, the Carmen Aceves Velasco Group reported Iodine to be safe, with no harmful effects on thyroid function, and an anti-proliferative effect on human breast cancer cell cultures. Their 2009 paper reported the mechanism by which Iodine works as an anti-cancer agent. Iodine binds to membrane lipids called lactones forming iodo-lactones which regulate apoptosis (programmed cell death). Iodine causes apoptosis which makes cancer cells undergo programmed cell death. Dr. Aceves concluded that continuous molecular iodine treatment has a “potent antineoplastic effect” on the progression of mammary cancer.

      From Japan, Dr Funahashi reported a common seaweed food containing high iodine content is more beneficial than chemotherapy on breast cancer . “He found that administration of Lugol’s iodine or iodine-rich Wakame seaweed to rats treated with the carcinogen dimethyl benzanthracene suppressed the development of mammary tumors. The same group demonstrated that seaweed induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells with greater potency than that of fluorouracil, a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat breast cancer.”

      A 2008 paper by Bernard A. Eskin MD showed that Iodine actually altered gene expression in breast cancer cells, inducing programmed cell death. A 2003 study by Ling Zhang ahowed that molecular Iodine caused lung cancer cells to undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis). These lung cancer cells had been genetically modified to increase iodine uptake. Current Iodine research calls for use of molecular Iodine for all patients with breast cancer.

      For references and More:

      http://jeffreydach.com/2009/11/1 ... effrey-dach-md.aspx

      jeffrey dach md
   2. 2.   Sandra Rayford Says:
      June 2nd, 2010 at 4:32 am

      What can I do to to encourage corporations and government to fund Dr. Tuohy’s work?
   3. 3.   Tom Ames Says:
      June 2nd, 2010 at 2:22 pm

      To the Iodine enthusiast: LOTS of things induce apoptosis in cell cultures. The trick is to find compounds that do the same to human cancer cells in vivo, with minimal off-target effects.

      Cancer cells in vitro are in a very different environment than those arising endogenously. And cancer behavior in animal models often differs in substantial ways from human cancer.

      There may be some promising research directions here, but you can’t be too careful when using data from in vitro or animal models to infer the action of a compound in the clinic.
   4. 4.   Brian Too Says:
      June 2nd, 2010 at 6:16 pm

      @1. jeffrey dach,

      You defined apoptosis 3 times. Why? We pay attention here you know.

liver411

疫苗有预防性疫苗和治疗性两种。预防性疫苗目前FDA只有通过两种，HBV乙肝疫苗，和HPV 宫颈癌（病毒致病）疫苗。前列腺疫苗可能也很快出现，最近HIV疫苗也有很大突破。

布隆方丹

HIV疫苗的消息，楼上从哪里得知的，给个连接，好吗

liver411

原帖由 布隆方丹 于 2010-7-24 15:33 发表
HIV疫苗的消息，楼上从哪里得知的，给个连接，好吗

Google Keywords: RC01 和 VRC02 会有很多结果。 这仅仅是两个参考：

TODAY ON PHARMALIVE.COM
http://pharmalive.com/News/index.cfm?articleid=716231
NIH-Led Scientists Find Antibodies That Prevent Most HIV Strains from Infecting Human Cells

Discovery to Advance HIV Vaccine Design, Antibody Therapy for Other Diseases

BETHESDA, Md., July 8, 210-Scientists have discovered two potent human antibodies that can stop more than 90 percent of known global HIV strains from infecting human cells in the laboratory, and have demonstrated how one of these disease-fighting proteins accomplishes this feat. According to the scientists, these antibodies could be used to design improved HIV vaccines, or could be further developed to prevent or treat HIV infection. Moreover, the method used to find these antibodies could be applied to isolate therapeutic antibodies for other infectious diseases as well.

"The discovery of these exceptionally broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV and the structural analysis that explains how they work are exciting advances that will accelerate our efforts to find a preventive HIV vaccine for global use," says Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health. "In addition, the technique the teams used to find the new antibodies represents a novel strategy that could be applied to vaccine design for many other infectious diseases."

Led by a team from the NIAID Vaccine Research Center (VRC), the scientists found two naturally occurring, powerful antibodies called VRC01 and VRC02 in an HIV-infected individual's blood. They found the antibodies using a novel molecular device they developed that homes in on the specific cells that make antibodies against HIV. The device is an HIV protein that the scientists modified so it would react only with antibodies specific to the site where the virus binds to cells it infects.

The scientists found that VRC01 and VRC02 neutralize more HIV strains with greater overall strength than previously known antibodies to the virus.

The researchers also determined the atomic-level structure of VRC01 when it is attaching to HIV. This has enabled the team to define how the antibody works and to precisely locate where it attaches to the virus. With this knowledge, they have begun to design components of a candidate vaccine that could teach the human immune system to make antibodies similar to VRC01 that might prevent infection by the vast majority of HIV strains worldwide.

NIAID scientists Peter D. Kwong, Ph.D., John R. Mascola, M.D., and Gary J. Nabel, M.D., Ph.D., led the two research teams. A pair of articles about these findings appears today in the online edition of Science.

"We have used our knowledge of the structure of a virus-in this case, the outer surface of HIV-to refine molecular tools that pinpoint the vulnerable spot on the virus and guide us to antibodies that attach to this spot, blocking the virus from infecting cells," explains Dr. Nabel, the VRC director.

Finding individual antibodies that can neutralize HIV strains anywhere in the world has been difficult because the virus continuously changes its surface proteins to evade recognition by the immune system. As a consequence of these changes, an enormous number of HIV variants exist worldwide. Even so, scientists have identified a few areas on HIV's surface that remain nearly constant across all variants. One such area, located on the surface spikes used by HIV to attach to immune system cells and infect them, is called the CD4 binding site. VRC01 and VRC02 block HIV infection by attaching to the CD4 binding site, preventing the virus from latching onto immune cells.

"The antibodies attach to a virtually unchanging part of the virus, and this explains why they can neutralize such an extraordinary range of HIV strains," says Dr. Mascola, the deputy director of the VRC.

With these antibodies in hand, a team led by Dr. Kwong, chief of the structural biology section at the VRC, determined the atomic-level molecular structure of VRC01 when attached to the CD4 binding site. They then examined this structure in light of natural antibody development to ascertain the steps that would be needed to elicit a VRC01-like antibody through vaccination.

Antibody development begins with the mixing of genes into new combinations within the immune cells that make antibodies. Examination of the structure of VRC01 attached to HIV suggested that, from a genetic standpoint, the immune system likely could produce VRC01 precursors readily. The researchers also confirmed that VRC01 does not bind to human cells-a characteristic that might otherwise lead to its elimination during immune development, a natural mechanism the body employs to prevent autoimmune disease.

In the final stage of antibody development, antibody-producing B cells recognize specific parts of a pathogen and then mutate, or mature, so the antibody can bind to the pathogen more firmly. VRC01 precursors do not bind tightly to HIV, but rather mature extensively into more powerfully neutralizing forms. This extensive antibody maturation presents a challenge for vaccine design. In their paper, Dr. Kwong and colleagues explore how this challenge might be addressed by designing vaccine components that could guide the immune system through this stepwise maturation process and facilitate the generation of a VRC01-like antibody from its precursors. The scientists currently are performing research to identify these components.

[The HTML version of this release contains the image: ]

"The discoveries we have made may overcome the limitations that have long stymied antibody-based HIV vaccine design," says Dr. Kwong.

The two research teams included NIAID scientists from the VRC, the Laboratory of Immunoregulation, and the Division of Clinical Research, all in Bethesda, Md.; as well as researchers from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston; Columbia University in New York; Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health in Boston; The Rockefeller University in New York City; and University of Washington in Seattle.

NIAID conducts and supports research-at NIH, throughout the United States, and worldwide-to study the causes of infectious and immune-mediated diseases, and to develop better means of preventing, diagnosing and treating these illnesses. News releases, fact sheets and other NIAID-related materials are available on the NIAID Web site at <http://www.niaid.nih.gov>.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) -- The Nation's Medical Research Agency -- includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is the primary federal agency for conducting and supporting basic, clinical and translational medical research, and it investigates the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit <www.nih.gov>. ---------------------------------- REFERENCES:

Wu X et al. Rational design of envelope surface identifies broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to HIV-1. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.1187659 (2010).

Zhou T et al. Structural basis for broad and potent neutralization of HIV-1 by antibody VRC01. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.1192819 (2010).

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