- 现金
- 970 元
- 精华
- 1
- 帖子
- 478
- 注册时间
- 2008-11-5
- 最后登录
- 2013-4-24
|
7楼
发表于 2008-12-21 13:36
HBV引起的肝脏炎症,其“致炎因子” Inflammationary Agent到底是生物性的,还是免疫性的?
《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南2005》:病理学诊断:
慢性乙型肝炎的肝组织病理学特点是:明显的汇管区炎症,浸润的炎症细胞主要为淋巴细胞,少数为浆细胞和巨噬细胞;炎症细胞聚集常引起汇管区扩大,并可破坏界板引起界面肝炎 (interface hepatitis ) ,又称碎屑样坏死 (piecemeal necrosis) 。汇管区炎症及其界面肝炎是慢性乙型肝炎病变活动及进展的特征性病变。小叶内肝细胞变性、坏死,包括融合性坏死和桥形坏死等,随病变加重而日趋显著。肝细胞炎症坏死、汇管区及界面肝炎可导致肝内胶原过度沉积,肝纤维化及纤维间隔形成。如进一步加重,可引起肝小叶结构紊乱,形成假小叶并进展为肝硬化。
免疫组织化学法检测可显示肝细胞中有无HBsAg 和HBcAg 表达。HBsAg 胞浆弥漫型和胞膜型,以及HBcAg 胞浆型和胞膜型表达提示HBV 复制活跃;HBsAg 包涵体型和周边型及HBcAg 核型表达则提示肝细胞内存在HBV。
慢性乙型肝炎肝组织炎症坏死的分级 (G)、纤维化程度的分期 (S),可参照 2001 年《病毒性肝炎防治方案》[32]。目前国际上常用Knodell HAI 评分系统,亦可采用Ishak、Scheuer 和Chevallier 等评分系统或半定量计分方案,了解肝脏炎症坏死和纤维化程度,以及评价药物疗效[35-38]。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B
Pathogenesis 乙型肝炎病理
The hepatitis B virus primarily interferes with the functions of the liver by replicating in liver cells, known as hepatocytes. HBV virions(DANE particle) bind to the host cell via the preS domain of the viral surface antigen and are subsequently internalized by endocytosis. PreS and IgA receptors are accused of this interaction. HBV-preS specific receptors are primarily expressed on hepatocytes; however, viral DNA and proteins have also been detected in extrahepaticsites, suggesting that cellular receptors for HBV may also exist onextrahepatic cells.During HBV infection, the host immune responsecauses both hepatocellular damage and viral clearance. Although the innate immune response does not play a significant role in these processes, the adaptive immune response, particularly virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs), contributes to most of the liver injury associated with HBV infection. By killing infected cells and by producing antiviral cytokines capable of purging HBV from viable hepatocytes, CTLs eliminate the virus.[22] Although liver damage is initiated and mediated by the CTLs, antigen-nonspecific inflammatory cells can worsen CTL-induced immunopathology, and platelets activated at the site of infection may facilitate the accumulation of CTLs in the liver
[ 本帖最后由 VirusIsNothing 于 2008-12-21 14:05 编辑 ] |
|