学习新概念英语第三册

开心一笑

§ Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ◆puma n. 美洲狮 ◆spot v. 看出，发现 ◆evidence n. 证据 ◆accumulate v. 积累，积聚 ◆oblige v. 使…感到必须 ◆hunt n. 追猎；寻找 ◆blackberry n. 黑莓 ◆human being 人类 ◆corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境 ◆trail n. 一串，一系列 ◆print n. 印痕 ◆cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘 ◆convince v.使…信服 ◆somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因 ◆disturb v. 令人不安

学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用 学习关键句型结构时则要把它放在段落结构或文章里

★spot v. 看出，发现 pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of eg: A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd. He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。 spot(做动词时候) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。 find 强调发现的结果。 find out 查出事实真相。 discover 做出重大发现 notice 注意到 observe 观察 watch 观察活动中的人或画面 spot n. 斑点 eg: There is a white spot on the shirt. on the spot 1,立刻，马上（at once, immediately ） Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot. 2,at the place of the action 在现场 Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot.

★evidence n. 证据 When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence. evidence=proof in evidence:显而易见的. He was in evidence at the party. evidently adv. evident adj.

★accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚 accumulate 强调积累的过程 As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate. gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处 collect 收集，采集 assemble 集合，集会， vt. 装配 hoard 大量地贮存 The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter. hoard up= store up amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）

★oblige v. 使…感到必须 feel obliged to do sth.感觉有必要做某事 be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事

★hunt n. 追猎；寻找 L01-01 end 12’48”

L01-02 begin 13’15” run after 强调追赶、追求. seek 追寻（梦想，理想） = pursue chase 追赶. hunt for search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物

★corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境 corner n. 角落 at the corner of the street in the corner of the room on the corner of the desk be cornered ………被逼得走投无路 常用于被动语态： The thief was cornered at last. The problem cornered me.这个问题把我难例了。

★trail n. 一串，一系列 trail==follow vt. 跟踪 eg: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding.

★cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘 eg: She is always clinging to her mother. He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有) stick 粘住 stick to 坚持 sticky adj. 粘的

★convince vt. 使…信服 convince sb. of sth 使sb相信sth 和宾语从句that 搭配使用 没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convinced sb be convicned sb相信

★somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因 by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown somewhat ==a little

★disturb v. 令人不安 disturbing adj. 令人不安的 disturbed 感到不安的 surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 感到吃惊的 exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的

【Text】 § Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮 listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音, 然后回答以下问题. Where must the puma have come from?

Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.

【课文讲解】 at large 1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。 2：详细的(in detail) 3：总体来讲（as a whole）

在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果。写议论文的时候要注意把握观点

L01-02 end 13’15”

L01-03 begin 13’09” eg: Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. life-like 栩栩如生的 一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容 定语从句的引导词： 指人：主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语 whose 表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which 时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语： why 同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that 而不是which 时间 when; 地点 where eg: An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way. I have no idea what has happened to him. 定语从句中没有what 这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句 (An idea)…come to sb.某人突然想到了……

take sth. seriously==deal with sth. seriously 认真（严肃）对待某事 take sth. lightly: 草率对待某事

as 随着

过去分词做定语

声称曾经作过某事： claim to have done sth

I still remember the school where I studied English.

L01-03 end 13’09”

L01-04 begin 11’49” confirm: be sure, be certain search=hunt 把某物留在后面：leave behind Wherever he went, the wound soldier left behind him a trail of blood.伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。 英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者 complain of / about :抱怨

on + 名词：强调动作正在进行 on the rise:在上升 on the increase: 在增加 on the watch: 在观看 on the match:在比赛中 on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中 on holiday: 在度假

fully: completely, entirely

in the possession of sb==in sb's possession 归某人所有 in possession of sth. 拥有某物 take possession of 拥有 eg: The beautiful car is in my possession / in the possession of me. I am in possession of the beautiful car. The person in possession of the big house is excited.

It is disturbing to think that 一想到………就心里不安 eg: It is disturbing to think that I felt my examination.

熟读并背诵第一自然段

总结： at large take sth. seriously cling to leave behind complain of in the possession of / in possession of

feel obliged to investigate a woman picking blackberries a businessman on a fishing trip go on several weeks in the quiet countryside

L01-04 end 11’49”

L01-05 begin 10’29”

【Exercises】 A. Complete these sentences by adding a suitable word to the end of each one: 1 What are you looking ? 2 Where is your mother going ? 3 Whom has the letter been sent ? 4 This is the house I was born ? 5 What does your decision depend ? key: 1 at / for 2 to 3 to 4 in 5 on

B. Write these sentences again changing the position of the words in italics. Where possible, omit the words whom or which. 1 He is the man about whom we have heard so much. 2 The shelf on which you put those books has collapsed. 3 From whom did you receive a letter? 4 This is the road by which we came. 5 Where is the pencil with which you were playing? key: 1 He is the man we have heard so much. 2 The shelf you put those books has collapsed. 3 whom did you receive a letter from? 4 This is the road we came by. 5 Where is the pencil you were playing? 注意：3 whom不能省略 定语从句中which以及指代人的做宾语的whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词whom,which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。

以look 为例 look at: 注视 look for: 寻找 介词不能前置 live in: 居住 介词可以前置 eg: This is the old house in which he lived. / This is the old house he lived in

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题 P17 1. Experts eventually decided to investigate . a. because they did not believe that pumas existed in England. b. because they wanted a puma for the London Zoo. c. when a woman saw a puma in a small village. d. because people’s descriptions of the puma had a lot in common.

要求陈述原因： 1． D in common-similar

2. What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in the village? a. The puma had not attacked the woman. b. The woman had described the animal she had seen as ‘a large cat’. c. A puma had come very close to a human being. d. The puma had behaved like a cat. A 只是一个具体的特定的事例，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意 B large cat 关键性用词 2. B Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.

3. What was the problem the experts were unable to solve? a. How the puma had managed to cover such great distances within a day. b. How the puma had escaped from a zoo. c. Whom the puma had belonged to. d. How the puma had climbed a tree. A 文章中未提到 3． C 做理解题时要紧扣主题，紧扣中心大意 文章最后一句话总结了大意： It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.

句型结构题和词汇题是关键 4. The accumulating evidence made the experts the animal was a puma. (lines 4-6) a. to think b. thinking c. think d. thought make----make sb. do, be made to do 主动语态中不定式to的符号应该省略 被动语态中不定式to的符号必须补充完整

L01-05 end 10’29”

L01-06 begin 9’53” 5 People said the puma.(lines 5-6) a. to have seen b. to see c. they saw d. they had seen 把say改成claim---People claimed to have seen the puma. 5. D---清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系

6 , it immediately ran away. (lines 8-9) a. Observing her b. On being observed c. Having been observed d. On her being observed 与原句中的when意思要一致，when引导的时间状语从句表示一 结构形式和as soon as 相一致的 如果用主动： On observing her, it immediately ran away. On seeing me, he waved to me. 6．B

7 Pumas never attack a human being except cornered.(lines 9) a. they are b. being c. that they are d. when they are 原句中unles----if…not / except on the condition that when=if except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配，也可以是when / if 引导的从句形式。 7． D

8 The experts were now fully convinced that the animal a puma. (lines 13-14) a. must be b. should have been c. can only be d. could only have been must be 只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致 8． D 情态动词表达推测的语意概念时，对于过去事实推测一定要用于情态动词have以及过去分词形式进行搭配。

9 The woman saw ‘a large cat’ five yards away from her.(lines 7-8) a. at least b. four or c. no more than d. within no more than = only within = not more than 9. C

10 A puma will not attack a human being unless it feels itself to be .(line 9) a. in a corner b. in a trap c. at an angle d. under cover in a corner 表示处于困境、尴尬的境地 in a trap 表示落于陷阱中 at an angle 表示弯曲的、不直的 10． B

11 A businessman on a fishing trip is probably someone who .(line 13) a. sells fish b. fishes for pleasure c. nets fish d. earns his living as a fisherman fishes for pleasure 钓鱼为了游玩

12 A private collector is a man who collects .(lines 15-16) a. for his own benefit b. on his own c. in private d. unknown to the public 12． A on his own = alone

L01-06 end 9’53”

L02-01 begin 11’49”

jackwen

这么学我肯定是坚持不下去的，有没有别的好方法？谢谢

开心一笑

§ Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ◆equal v. 等于 ◆raise v. 募集；筹（款） ◆vicar n. 牧师 ◆torchlight n.电筒光

★equal v. 等于 A equal B 与 … 相匹敌 None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer. eg:Mary is quite equal to John in brains. be equal to + n: 1. 与…相匹敌 2. 有能力做某事 to- 介词 eg: I am equal to running the company.

★raise v. 募集；筹（款） raise money 筹款 raise price 提高 raise a horse饲养 raise a family 供养 raise wheet 种植小麦 raise an army 招募 raise a shout 发出喊声

★vicar n. 牧师 ★torchlight n.电筒光

【Text】 § Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一 Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 'Whatever are you doing up here Bill ?' asked the vicar in surprise. ' I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill.' I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.' 'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.' 'That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.' 'We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. 'Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.'

【课文讲解】 现在进行时和always 等频度副词的搭配——表示说话人带有的情感色彩 Tom is always doing homework. Tom is always does his homework. He is always making noises.

one or another 表示某种、这样或那样

get enough money 筹集足够的资金来做某事 I have to get enough money to have my house repaired.

have the church clock repaired-----have sth. done 找某人来做某事 have the plane repaired have hair cut 某人所遭受到的意外某种情况-----主语必须是发出动作的人 His wallet was stolen. He had his wallet stolen.

used t过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了 He used to smoke every day. L02-01 end 11’49”

L02-02 begin 12’45” however 用于口语，主要用于句首，作文中，最好用在句中、句尾，要用逗号分隔开来 He said that it was so, he was mistake, however. or: He said that it was so, however, he was mistake. I know his story, however, I wouldn’t like to tell you. I know his story, I, however, wouldn’t like to tell you. however 可用nevertheless nonetheless 替换

start: 惊跳、惊奇 Eg: The voice made him start. What a start you give me.你真吓了我一跳 He stood up with a start.

before …才 Nearly a week past before he could explain what had happen to him.

Armed with a torch… 现在分词和过去分词的用法 looking 分词做状语/定语时，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致

In the torchlight

非正式用语中whom可以省略掉

recognized sb as 认出某人是 regard sb as, think of sb as, treat sb as(把某人对待为), have on sb as（把某人尊敬为）

whatever: ever用来加强语气 night after night 一夜连着一夜 day after day / year after year / week after week / bus after bus

you certainly did give me… did 肯定句中常用do, did, does 加强语气和情感色彩，一定要位于动词原形之前。 Eg: You do like beauty today.

as well用在句尾相当于too, 主要用在肯定句中，但比too所表达的语意更优秀 still用于句首，用逗号分隔开来，表达一个转折的关系。虽然如此，但是

get used to , be used to do, be accustomed to, get accustomed to 都表示习惯于 get强调渐进的过程，be强调习惯了的状态 Eg: We are used to the cold weather here. You will get used to the cold weather here.你很快会适应这寒冷的天气的。 L02-02 end 12’45”

L02-03 begin 10’56” 【Special difficulties】P20 In 1．prep 表达惊奇，恐惧，失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用,在句中起状语的作用 in surprise; in astonishment; in alarm; in embarrassment; in amazement; in despair; in dismay; in anger; in disappointment 2．prep表达以、用: 用于语言，书写材料，色彩或声音等方面 in English; in pencil; in ink; in a few words; in such a high voice; in oil; in red; in code 3,用于状态、情况或处境 in trouble; in difficulty; in bed; in a hurry; in debt; in love with sb; in tears; in good order; in good repair; in good health; in por health; in the bad mood; in the good mood; in haste; in a favor of excitement; in poverty; in luxury

【Exercise】 Use a phrase with in in place of the words in italics 1 I left home very quickly so as not to miss the train. 2 I suppose I shall finish this eventually. 3 In the early morning there was not a person to be seen. 4 Shall I write with a pen or with apencil? 5 They haven’t many interests which they share. 6 Why is that little girl crying?

key: 1 in a hurry 2 in the end 3 in sight 4 in ink / in pencil 5 in common 6 in tears

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题 Comprehension 理解 1 The church clock did not work because . a it was too expensive to repair b it disturbed the vicar’s sleep c Bill Wilkins only worked at night d the bell had been out of order for many years 1. D ∽ was damaged

2 The vicar was surprised to see Bill Wilkins in the clock tower because . a. Bill Wilkins had been hoping to surprise him b. it was an unusual time and place to find him c. he had expected to find a figure d. the clock had struck thirteen times 2. B

3 The vicar offered Bill Wilkins a cup of tea because . a. he thought that Bill Wilkins was thirsty b. thanks to him, the clock would now strike once an hour c. he was grateful for the trouble Bill wilkins had taken d. he was pleased to have been woken up for nothing 为…表示感谢：be grateful for / be thankful for 不辞辛劳地做某事： take the trouble to do sth. 3. C

Structure 4 In the past the big clock the hours. (ll 3-4) a. struck always b. always struck c. was always striking d. has always been striking In the past 是过去时态的标志； always 用在实义动词之前 4. B

5 It was not until the thirteenth stroke the bell stopped. (l.7) a. before b. when c. so that d. that It was not until…that… 一直到......才...... Eg: It was not until midnight that snow stopped. 5. D

6 The vicar asked Bill doing in the church tower.(l.10) a. what was he b. what he was c. what he is d. whatever was he 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序 6． B

7 ‘I it all right, but I’m afraid…’(ll15-16) a. shall mend b. am mending c. have mended d. mended 突出结果或者对现在的影响，现在完成时 7．C

8 ‘We’ll get used to that, Bill.’(l.17) a. hearing b. hear c. the sound d. having heard to 介词，表示习惯于 8． A

Vocabulary 9 Money which is collected for a cause is known as .(ll.1-2) a. cash b. a fund c. a scholarship d. an investment fund 基金 cash 现金 scholarship 奖学金 investment 投资 9． B

10 A grocer is a man who . a. runs a shop b. eats a lot c. sells bread d. surprises people runs a shop 经营商店 10． A

11 ‘I’ve been coming here for weeks now.’(l.11) a. every night b. all night c. the following night d. several nights night after night = every night 11. A

12 ‘ .I’m glad the bell is working again.’ (l.14) a. Yet b. Good c. Just the same d. Even now still 尽管如此，依旧，仍然= Just the same 12． C It’s raining, still I must go out. still 连接性副词，相当于in spite of that, even though, just the same yet 但是，然而 I have failed, yet I shall try again. This picture is not too valuable, still I like it.

开心一笑

以下是引用jackwen在2005-6-16 18:04:20的发言：

这么学我肯定是坚持不下去的，有没有别的好方法？谢谢

买个学习机,把资料考到学习机里,空闲时慢慢看。

青竹

以下是引用开心一笑在2005-6-20 20:24:03的发言： 买个学习机,把资料考到学习机里,空闲时慢慢看。

学习机哪有卖？

开心一笑

电脑数码城之类的地方肯定有卖,不要去新华书店,贵多了

冷寒

it is such a long 'book', I have no patience to read it though.

But, anyway, thank you for you work:-)

开心一笑

§ Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆goddess n. 女神
◆archaeologist n. 考古学家
◆Aegean adj. 爱琴海的
◆explore v. 考察，勘探
◆promontory n. 海角
◆prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的
◆civilization n. 文明
◆storey n. 楼层
◆drainage n. 排水
◆worship n. 崇拜
◆sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的
◆fragment n. 碎片
◆remains n. 遗物， 遗迹，废墟
◆classical adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的
◆reconstruct v. 修复
◆rest v. 倚放，放置
◆hip n. 屁股，臀部
◆full-length adj. （裙衣）拖地长的
◆graceful adj. 优雅的
◆identity n. 身份

★goddess n. 女神

★archaeologist n. 考古学家

★Aegean adj. 爱琴海的

★explore v. 考察，勘探
The archaeologists are exploring the cave.
exploration n.
explorer n.探险家

★promontory n. 海角

★prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的
Our finance is prosperous.
thriving 昌盛的，兴旺的
booming 蓬勃的，景气的
flourishing 繁茂的，健康的

★civilization n. 文明
high level of civilization高度文明
civilize v.

★storey n. 楼层

★drainage n. 排水

★worship n. 崇拜
respect; admire
Who do you worship in th world?
warship n. 军舰战船

★sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的
holy adj. 神圣的，圣洁的
solemn adj. 庄严的，庄重的
sacred music 圣乐
sacred promise 神圣的诺言

★fragment n. 碎片

★remains n. 遗物， 遗迹，废墟

★classical adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的
classical music 古典音乐
classical education 人文科学教育
classic adj. 第一流的
This is a classic example of love at the first sight.
classic n. 杰作，经典之作

★reconstruct v. 修复
re-重新，再次
construct 构造，建造，组织
build house 造建筑物
put up a tent
construct a sentence
construct a broken statuary
erect: build high buildings
erect monument 建造纪念碑
erect clock tower 建造钟楼
setup; establish; found 建立
Eg: setup students’ union
establish a school / rule
found a country
construction n.
constructive adj. 有教育意义的
constructor n. 建设者

★rest v. 倚放，放置

★hip n. 屁股，臀部
[口] 在服用兴奋剂，宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；adj. 通晓的，见闻广的
Eg: Hary is a real hip. 玛丽真是赶时髦
The guy isn’t a hip.这家伙什么都不懂
joined at the hip 表示交情极厚的
Eg: These two are joined at the hip.
shoot from the hip 信口开河
Eg: Sorry, I said that I shouldn’t have shot from the hip.

★full-length adj. （裙衣）拖地长的
a full-length dress

★graceful adj. 优雅的
a graceful lady
elegant (behavier)

★identity n. 身份

【Text】
§ Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?

Some time ago，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea．An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini．The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization．Houses--often three
storeys high----were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system，for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets．
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue
was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hip. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far,the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

【课文讲解】
an interesting discovery：强调discovery， 体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出
主动语态难以突出重点 archaeologists made an interesting discovery

L03-01 end 10’59”

L03-02 begin 12’42”
英文表达：结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述

An American team explored a temple which…
which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple

which stands in an ancient city on…
which = that; stand = lie, situate (vt.) locate (vt.)

An American team explored a temple which is located / situated in…
An American team explored a temple which lie in…

stand表示高高坐落于，矗立于
Eg: She stands 1.75m. / A great tree stands on the mount.

The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it…
for引导原因状语从句，对主句的附加说明
because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因
Eg: The day broke for the birds were singing.

at one time:表达曾经，一度；过去时态的标志， once

must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测

enjoyed a high level of civilization. 享有高度文明

with…
Eg: a young man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair

beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语
a beautifully dressed lady衣着漂亮的女士 / a deserted carpark 废弃的停车场
a white painted door 被粉刷成白色的门

现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为；逻辑主动关系
a boy climbing the tree / the students reading in the room

The city was even equipped with… for… were found…
be equipped with 配备，装备
Eg: the car was equipped with air conditioning.

for 引导原因状语从句

beneath the narrow streets / under the narrow streets
prep. beneath = under 正下方
He is standing under / beneath the umbrella.

under:在进行中，under control 控制之中；under discussion 讨论之中；under repairs 修理之中
below:在下方，强调斜下方
Eg: She is sitting below the window.

The temple which…
be used as / be used to be 把…用作为
Eg:The box was used as a desk in the small village school.
The wooden box was used as a bookcase.
The wooden box is used to contain books.

In the most sacred room of…
Each of these represented … been painted.

represent vt. 代表
I represent all the classmates.

The body of one statue was found…
dating 现在分词，修饰remains
the customs dating from 1990

date from 追溯到，从… 开始
The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young.

L03-02 end 12’42”

L03-03 begin 12’56”

The castle dates from the 14th century.
The castle dates back to the century.

Its missing head happened to be among remains of…
happen to 强调事情的偶然发生
Eg: I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种汽车。
He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他恰巧在口袋里找到那张票。

句式：It happens that……
Eg: It happnes that I met her on my way to work
I happened to meet her on my way to work

happen on 巧遇，偶然发现,偶遇
Eg: I happend on this old picture in the back of the drawer.
Guess, who I happend on while I was in London last month?

reconstruct: put together, piece together, restore

四个形容词: amazed:very much surprised
surprised; astonished; amazed; astounded 感到惊讶的，语气递增
astonished: much surprised
amazed: very much surprised 惊奇
astounded 非常惊讶，尺愕，惊奇

to find… / to discover… / to realize…
I’m not surprised to see you here.

turn out 表明结果
turn out ( to be) + n./adj.
Eg: Our party turned out (to be) a success
the concert turned out to be failure.
It turned out that………… 原来是(表示结果)
that 从句，或其他名词从句，it 作形式主语
Eg: It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time.
It turned out that his statement was false.

as it turns out 人们后来发现
Eg: As it turns out, there was not need to worry.
As it turns out, the report was mistaken. 人们后来发现,这篇报告被弄错了。

She stood three feet high and her hands rested on th hips.
rest on = depend on, lean on
His hand rested lightly on my shoulder.

which swept the ground进一步说明拖地的，曳地的

despite / in spite of +n. /动名词

It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.

so far,up to now 都是完成时的标志

discover her identity: find out he identity

L03-03 end 12’56”

L03-04 begin 12’58”
【Special difficulties】
happen (to) , it happened that…

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 The interesting discovery made by the archaeologists was .
a. that the city had once been prosperous
b. that the temple had been used as a place of worship
c. they found the fifteen statues had been painted
d. that they were not the first to have found the head of the goddess

It’s missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.’
1. D

2 The city ‘enjoyed a high level of civilization’ . This is confirmed by the fact that .
a. some of the houses were built only one storey high
b. a great number of fragments were found in the temple
c. the city had been built on clay
d. advanced techniques had been employed in building and decorating

This is confirmed by the fact that引导同位语从句，补充说明fact 的内容。
be employed in:被应用在…方面

‘…The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization．Houses--often three storeys high-were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system…’

3 In seeking to establish the identity of the reconstructed statue, the archaeologists .
a. tried to determine which goddess it represented
b. pieced together the fragments they found
c. discovered that it was more modern than any of the other statues
d. wondered whether it belonged to the fifth or the fifteenth century

in doing sth: 在…方面

structure
4 The city had once known .(ll.4-5)
a, a prosperity b, the prosperous c. the prosperity d. prosperity

重点词汇know:知道，认识；经历过，曾经有过（= experience）, 这是一个文学用语，比experience更加正式

5 The temple used as a place of worship since Roman times. (ll.9-10)
a. was b. has not been c. had been d. was not

since:自从 主句的主干时态为现在完成时

6 They found that the goddess turned out to be …(ll.14-15)
a. surprisingly b. with surprise c. to their surprise d. a surprise

to their surprise:使某人感到惊讶的是 （在句中可做独立的状语，句子的主语不必是某个人）
with surprise:惊讶地 （首先，必须与行为动词连用，其次，句子的主语必须是某个人）
Eg: To my great disappointment the train had already left.
With satisfaction / delight / dismay
He smoked his cigarette with satisfaction.
He went home with dismay.
To our dismay the party proved to be a failure.

7 being very old, she was very graceful. (ll.16-17)
a. Although b. In spite of c. Even d. Even though

despite = in spite of (可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)

8 So far, the archaeologists to discover her identity. (l.17)
a. have been impossible b. have not been able c. cannot have been d. could not

so far 现在完成时的标志
如果用posible / imposible, 要采用形式主语it
…it has been impossible for the archaeologists to discover her identity.

Vocabulary
9 In the most room of the temple…(l.10)
a. holy b. religious c. frightening d. colourful

原文中用到了sacred (宗教的，神圣的)
religious 宗教的
frightening 令人害怕的
colourful 丰富多彩的

10 The head was carefully preserved. It was .(l.13)
a. well done b. conserved c. maintained c. in good condition

state
well done 侧重强调做得好
conserve = keep from being wasted ,damaged, lost, destroyed
“不用尽或耗尽某物，保留“
conserve your energy you needed
we nust conserve out forest
maintain: 通过修缮保养，不使…破损（强调动作的过程）“维修，保养”

11 The goddess to be a very modern-looking woman. (l.15)
a. appeared b. proved c. resolved d. changed

turn out = prove

12 But, the archaeologists have been unable…(l.17)
a. beforehand b. until now c. for a long time d. at this distance

so far =>until now, up till now
beforehand: (adv.) 事先 = in advance
at this distance (of / in time) 时隔已久
Eg: I can hardly remember him at this distance of time.