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发表于 2002-4-4 05:46
主题: Liver Disease Glossary 回复贴子
liver411
中将师长 发表于 2001-12-07.05:56:03
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Glossary of Terms for Hepatobiliary Diseases
ALBUMIN - Main circulating protein in bloodstream synthesized by liver. Measured in blood by laboratory to assess function of liver.
血清蛋白——在血中主要的循环蛋白，由肝脏合成。在实验室由血液检测中评估肝功能。
ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS - Hepatitis with unique pathologic liver injury varying widely in severity and caused by chronic, heavy alcohol ingestion.
酒精肝——伴随独特的病理上肝损伤的肝炎，有不同的严重程度，由长期过量摄取酒精引起。
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE - Enzyme or protein synthesized by the liver in large amounts when there is obstruction of the bile ducts to the normal flow of bile. Measured in blood by laboratory to assess function of liver.
碱性磷酸酶——当胆汁在胆管中正常流动受到阻碍时，肝脏大量合成的酶或蛋白。在实验室由血液检测中评
估肝功能。
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) - Enzyme or protein that leaks from the damaged liver. Measured in blood to assess liver injury.
ALT（谷丙转氨酶）——从受损肝脏中泄露的酶或蛋白。在实验室由血液检测中评估肝功能。
ANTI-NUCLEAR ANTIBODY TEST - Laboratory test, when positive suggests the presence of some form of autoimmune illness.
核心抗体检测——实验室检测，若阳性提示存在某种自体免疫疾病。
ASCITES - Fluid accumulation around the liver and other abdominal organs resulting from portal hypertension.
腹水——液体聚集在肝和其他内脏附近，是门脉高压的结果。
AST (Aspertate Aminotransferase) - Enzyme or protein that leaks from the damaged liver. Measured in blood to assess liver injury.
AST（谷草转氨酶——从受损肝脏中泄露的酶或蛋白。在实验室由血液检测中评估肝功能。
AZATHIOPRINE - Drug marketed with trade name Imuran. Used to treat a number of diseases of unknown or autoimmune cause. Also used to treat organ transplant recipients to help prevent graft rejection.
硝基咪唑硫嘌呤——一种商品名Imuran的药物。用于一系列的不明或自体免疫疾病。也用于器官移植
者帮助防止排斥。
BILE DUCT - Large tube-like structure that delivers bile from the liver to the intestine to help digest food.
胆管——大的管道，该组织结构从肝脏传送胆汁到肠以帮助消化食物。
BILE DUCTULE - Microscopic bile duct that collects bile from liver cells and delivers it to the large bile duct outside the liver.
胆小管——微小胆管，从肝细胞收集胆汁，并传送到肝外的大胆管。
BILE - Fluid produced by liver cells and carried by bile ductules into the bile duct and stored in gall bladder between meals. Contains substances needed to aid in the digestion of food. Provides a method for the body to eliminate toxic substances that are broken down by the liver.
胆汁——由肝细胞产生的液体，由胆小管输送到胆管，在进餐间隙储存在胆囊。包含消化食物需要的物质。
提供机体一个排除由肝脏产生的毒物的方法。
BILIRUBIN - Chemical breakdown product of hemoglobin. Measured in blood specimen by laboratory to assess function of liver.
胆红素——血色素化学损坏的产物。在实验室由血液检测中评估肝功能。
CERULOPLASMIN - Serum protein measured by laboratory to help in the diagnosis of Wilson's Disease.
.血浆铜蓝蛋白——血清蛋白，. 在实验室由血液检测帮助诊断Wilson's病
注：威尔逊氏病一种很少见的遗传性疾病，是由体内缺乏对铜的新陈代谢能力，导致体内器官（如脑，肝
和肾）铜积存过多而引起的。
CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA - Malignant tumor that arises from bile ducts or ductules.
胆管癌——发生于胆管或微胆管的恶性肿瘤。
CHRONIC HEPATITIS - Prolonged inflammation and death of liver cells persisting for six months or more caused by hepatitis viruses, autoimmune factors, and on occasion, unknown conditions.
慢性肝炎——长期发炎和肝细胞坏死，持续6个月以上，由肝炎病毒引起，或由自体免疫引起，有时原因
不明。
CIRRHOSIS - Used as a pathologic term to denote extensive scarring in the liver along with irregular nodules of regenerating liver tissue. Used as a clinical liver term to refer to the condition of individuals with liver disease accompanied by ascites, esophageal variceal bleeding, or hepatic encephalopathy.
硬化——用来描述一种病理时期，指出肝脏广泛发生疤痕，伴有肝组织发生不规则新生结节。在临床上作为
一种肝病时期，指肝病个体的状态，伴有腹水，食道血管曲张，或肝昏迷。
COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCAN - A specialized x-ray procedure utilizing multiple radiographic films of the liver to construct with computer technology, a 2-dimensional picture of the liver.
计算机X线断层扫描——一种专门的X线手段，应用肝脏多重射线造影术，由计算机技术构造，一种肝脏
2维图象。
CYCLOSPORINE A - Drug marketed with trade names Sandimmune and Neoral. Given to organ transplant recipients to prevent the body from rejecting the graft. Inhibits immune system from rejecting foreign tissue.
环孢霉素A——一种商品名为Sandimmune and Neoral的药物。给接受器官移植者，用来防止机体的排斥。
抑制免疫系统排斥外来组织。
DRUG HEPATITIS - Hepatitis caused by a drug. Causative drugs include isoniazid (INH), Alpha Methyldopa, and Dilatin.
药物肝炎——由药物引起的肝炎。有可能引起的药物包括isoniazid (INH)（雷米封，一种抗结核药），
Alpha Methyldopa，（α-甲基多巴，C10H13NO4，用于治疗高血压），Dilatin？？？
ENDOSCOPE - A flexible instrument containing fiberoptic bundles and a light source used by physicians to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
内窥镜——一种柔软的器具，包括光导纤维束和光源，内科医师用来检查食道，胃，和十二指肠。
ESOPHAGEAL VARICES - Dilated vessels in the lower end of the esophagus that result from portal hypertension. Often results in gastrointestinal bleeding, a life threatening complication of cirrhosis.
食道血管曲张——食道底端血管扩张，是门脉高压的结果。经常导致胃肠道出血，是肝硬化的一种危及生命
的并发症
FERRITIN - Iron-containing serum protein measured by laboratory to help establish a diagnosis of hemochromatosis.
铁蛋白——含铁的血清蛋白，由实验室血液检测帮助诊断血色沉着病
GALLBLADDER - Specialized organ that joins the bile duct and is located just under the liver. Stores bile secreted by the liver between meals and empties this fluid into the intestine to help with digestion at the time of food intake.
胆囊——联结胆管的专门器官，位置在肝脏下。在进食间隙贮存由肝脏分泌的胆汁，并在进食时倒空到肠以
帮助消化。
GGTP (Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase) - Enzyme or protein synthesized by the liver in large amounts when there is obstruction of the bile ducts to the normal flow of bile. Measured in blood by laboratory to assess function of liver.
γ谷氨酰转肽酶——当胆汁在胆管中正常流动受到阻碍时，肝脏大量合成的酶或蛋白。在实验室由血液检
测中评估肝功能。
HEMANGIOSARCOMA - Malignant tumor that arises from the blood vessels of the liver.
血管肉瘤——发生于肝脏血管的恶性肿瘤。
HEMOCHROMATOSIS - A genetic disorder involving increased absorption of iron by the gastrointestinal tract and deposition in the liver resulting ultimately in cirrhosis and liver failure.
血色沉着病——一种遗传性病症引起胃肠道吸收铁增多，沉积在肝脏，导致最终肝硬化或肝衰竭。
HEPATIC ARTERY - Main artery that supplies fully oxygenated blood to the liver. Comes from aorta to underside of the liver.
肝动脉——主要的动脉，输送充足氧气的血液到肝脏。从大动脉到肝脏的下方。
HEPATIC VEIN - Main outflow vein of liver connecting liver to vena cava and then to heart. Located on topside of liver.
肝静脉——肝脏主要的流出静脉，连接肝脏和腔静脉，然后到心脏。位置在肝脏上方。
HEPATITIS A ANTIBODY (Anti HA) - Main laboratory test used to detect hepatitis A. Detects antibody produced by patient's immune system in response to hepatitis A virus.
甲型肝炎抗体(Anti HA)——实验室主要的测试以侦测甲型肝炎。侦测到患者免疫系统产生的抗体反应有甲
肝病毒。
HEPATITIS A - Hepatitis caus |
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