如何保护好你的婴孩

雪绒花

Hepatitis B - how to protect your baby
Hepatitis B infection can be passed from mother to baby during birth. Most women will not know that they have the infection. This is why all pregnant women are now offered a blood test early in pregnancy to see if they have hepatitis B.

What is hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. Many people with hepatitis B infection have no symptoms at all and do not know that they are infected. Others have 'flu-like symptoms and yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice). In most cases hepatitis B infection can only be identified by a blood test. Most adults infected with hepatitis B virus recover fully from the infection, but about 1 in 10 become carriers of the virus and can infect others. About 1 in 5 of these carriers develop serious liver disease later in life.

Hepatitis B is different to hepatitis A, which is a more common cause of jaundice but does not lead to a life-long infection and rarely causes serious liver disease.
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How can you get hepatitis B infection?
Hepatitis B virus is carried in the blood and body fluids. There are three main ways that infection is spread:


From an infected mother to her baby during birth;
By sexual intercourse with an infected person without a condom;
By direct contact with the blood of an infected person e.g. by sharing toothbrushes and razors; from equipment used for tattooing and body piercing; and between drug users who share needles, syringes and other equipment.
The virus is not spread by normal day to day contact and activities e.g. coughing, sneezing, kissing, hugging, holding hands, sharing bathrooms and toilets or food, cups, cutlery, crockery and towels.

Why is hepatitis B infection serious for babies?
Without vaccination, many babies born to mothers who are hepatitis B carriers will become infected. As many as 9 out of 10 babies infected at birth develop long-lasting infection and these babies are at risk of developing serious liver disease as they grow older. If they become infected, their infection could be passed on to their close family and other contacts in the future.

Can my baby be protected from hepatitis B infection?
Yes. Your baby can be protected from infection by a full course of hepatitis B vaccine. without serious side effects. Are there any side effects?


When should my baby have hepatitis B vaccine?
Your baby should have the first dose of vaccine soon after they are born. Your doctor or midwife will arrange this. Your baby will need further doses of vaccine for full protection against infection. Your family doctor or children's doctor should give these when your baby is 1, 2 and 12 months old.

You should be told where and when to get these injections before you leave hospital, and you should make sure that you know this.


Why it is important for a full course of vaccine to be given?
It is essential that your baby receives the full course of vaccine at the right ages for it to work.

Is hepatitis B vaccine safe?
The vaccine is very safe and millions of doses have been given to babies world-wide without serious side effects. Are there any side effects? In some babies, the site of the injection may become red and swollen, but this does not last for long.

Will it be safe to breast feed my baby?
Yes - but your baby should still receive a full course of vaccine.

Will having hepatitis B infection affect my pregnancy and delivery?
No.

Could my partner and other children have hepatitis B?
The antenatal clinic will tell your family doctor that you have hepatitis B so that they can discuss this with you and your partner and arrange for hepatitis B testing and/or vaccination as necessary.

If you have concerns about other people finding out that you have hepatitis B infection, please discuss them with your midwife or doctor.


Do I need to see a doctor because of my hepatitis B infection?
The antenatal clinic or your family doctor should refer you to a specialist for assessment and advice about managing or treating your own infection. This will not be necessary until after you have had your baby.

网中的鱼

偶看不懂！！不懂这写的是什么。怎么不翻译

风中追风

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ofof

没什么新的保护措施，好象国外（上文所述）是0 ，1， 2， 12 四次注射乙肝疫苗。

雪绒花

Why does my baby need the hepatitis B vaccine?
The hepatitis B vaccine protects your child against the hepatitis B virus, which can lead to liver damage and even death. Hepatitis B is generally considered to be an adult disease because it''''s known to be transmitted through unsafe sex and shared needles. But up to 40 percent of those who get it, including children, don''''t engage in these "high-risk" behaviors and experts don''''t know how they got infected. Before the vaccine was introduced in the United States just a few years ago, there were about 25,000 cases a year in children younger than 5 years of age, and only 6,000 of them got it from their mother at birth.
Hepatitis B is highly infectious. About 1.25 million people in the United States currently have the virus. Many of them never feel sick and don''''t know they have it, but those who become infected as children are more likely to have long-term health problems, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. There is no cure. Each year in the United States, about 300,000 people, mostly young adults, get infected with hepatitis B virus; more than 11,000 are hospitalized, and 4,000 to 5,000 people die.


When should my child get the hepatitis B vaccine?
The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently recommend that all babies born in the United States receive their first hepatitis B vaccine shot at birth. If you''''re sure that everyone in your household and anyone who might be taking care of your child has recently tested negative for hepatitis B, there''''s probably little risk in waiting until your child is 1 to 2 months old for the first dose if you prefer. She''''ll get her second dose between 1 and 4 months of age (but at least one month after the first dose), and a third dose between 6 and 18 months of age. You can use BabyCenter''''s Immunization Scheduler to keep track.
If you happen to be infected with hepatitis B — you would have been screened during your pregnancy — your baby must get her first dose at birth, her second dose at 1 to 2 months (at least one month after the first dose) and her third at 6 months.

Who shouldn''''t get the hepatitis B vaccine?
If your child has ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to a previous dose of hepatitis B vaccine, she shouldn''''t receive another dose. And if for some reason your baby didn''''t get her hepatitis B shots as a baby, and you know that she''''s had a life-threatening allergic reaction to baker''''s yeast (the kind used in baking bread), she shouldn''''t receive the hepatitis B vaccine because it''''s made with this type of yeast.





If your child is moderately to severely ill, wait until she recovers before taking her in for the hepatitis B vaccine.

What are the possible side effects or risks of an adverse reaction?
About 3 percent of children develop pain and tenderness at the site of the shot, and 1 percent have a low-grade fever. An estimated one in 600,000 children will have a serious allergic reaction involving swelling of the mouth, breathing difficulties, low blood pressure, and shock. If your child has any of these symptoms (you''''ll know within a few hours), call 911 or take her to an emergency room. These symptoms may be frightening, but no one has ever died from an allergic reaction to the hepatitis B vaccine.

In spite of persistent rumors, there is as yet no evidence linking the hepatitis B vaccine to hair loss, SIDS, or autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Several studies are currently underway to determine any possible association.