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Risk of hepatic decompensation but not hepatocellular carcinoma decreases over time in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen loss
Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip 1 , Vincent Wai-Sun Wong 1 , Mandy Sze-Man Lai 2 , Jimmy Che-To Lai 1 , Vicki Wing-Ki Hui 2 , Lilian Yan Liang 2 , Yee-Kit Tse 1 , Henry Lik-Yuen Chan 3 , Grace Lai-Hung Wong 4
Affiliations
Affiliations
1
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong; Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), Hong Kong; Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong.
2
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong; Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), Hong Kong.
3
Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), Hong Kong; Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Internal Medicine, Union Hospital, Hong Kong.
4
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong; Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), Hong Kong; Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong. Electronic address: [email protected].
PMID: 36463985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.11.020
Abstract
Background & aims: We examined the long-term trend of incident hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic decompensation among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who have achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance.
Methods: All adult CHB monoinfected patients who cleared HBsAg between January 2000 and December 2020 were identified using a territory-wide database in Hong Kong. Patients with liver transplantation and/or HCC before HBsAg seroclearance or follow-up less than 6 months were excluded. The primary and secondary endpoints were HCC and hepatic decompensation respectively.
Results: We identified 9,769 CHB patients with HBsAg seroclearance (mean age 57 years, 60.0% male, 13.2% cirrhosis); most had compensated liver function at HBsAg loss. At a median (25th-75th percentile) follow-up of 4.6 (2.2-8.4) years, 106 (1.1%) patients developed HCC. Patients who developed HCC were older, more likely to be male and cirrhotic, and had higher alanine aminotransferase and lower platelets at the time of HBsAg loss than patients without HCC. The cumulative incidence of HCC remained steady in 0-7 and 8-12 years after HBsAg loss (P=0.898) (crude annual incidence drop: -0.04%, 95% CI -0.13%-0.04%, P=0.265). Moreover, 124/9,640 (1.3%) patients developed hepatic decompensation. The growth in cumulative incidence of hepatic decompensation decelerated in 8-12 years after the first 7 years of HBsAg loss (P=0.009) (crude annual incidence drop: -0.23%, 95% CI -0.40% - -0.06%, P=0.012). In multivariable analysis, HBsAg loss for over 7 years was associated with a reduced risk of hepatic decompensation (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [aSHR] 0.55, 95% CI 0.31-0.97, P=0.039) but not HCC (aSHR 1.35, 95% CI 0.83-2.19, P=0.230).
Conclusion: HCC risk persists in patients after HBsAg loss, whereas the risk of hepatic decompensation decreases over time.
Impact and implications: Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) still have a non-negligible risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after 12 years of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance, especially among those with cirrhosis. The risk of developing hepatic decompensation decreases over time after HBsAg seroclearance. In clinical practice, although CHB patients who cleared HBsAg have a more favourable clinical outcome than those who remain chronically infected, long-term HCC surveillance would still be necessary for cirrhotic patients and high-risk subgroups of non-cirrhotic patients after HBsAg seroclearance.
Keywords: HBsAg seroclearance; hepatic decompensation; hepatitis B virus; liver cancer.
Copyright © 2022 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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