隐匿性乙型肝炎——宿主免疫反应与病毒不同基因组表达相

StephenW

隐匿性乙型肝炎——宿主免疫反应与病毒不同基因组表达相互作用的结果
乔治·塞巴斯蒂安·盖兰 1
隶属关系
联系

    1
    罗马尼亚布加勒斯特 030303 的“卡罗尔达维拉”医药大学传染病系。

    PMID：35979101 PMCID：PMC9258381 DOI：10.12998/wjcc.v10.i17.5518

抽象的

具有 40 多年历史的隐匿性乙型肝炎感染 (OBI) 仍然是一个重要且具有挑战性的公共卫生问题。定义为乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg) 检测呈阴性的人的肝脏中存在具有复制能力的乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) DNA（即游离型 HBV 共价闭合环状 DNA）和/或血液中的 HBV DNA目前可用的检测方法，目前使用聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 和实时 PCR 检测方法诊断 OBI。然而，为了完全遵循 OBI 的定义，应尽一切努力排除假阴性 HBsAg。近年来，在了解 HBV 生命周期和导致病毒以隐匿形式持续存在的分子机制方面取得了重大进展。这些因素主要与宿主的免疫系统有关，较小的部分与病毒有关。先天性和适应性免疫反应在 HBV 感染管理中都很重要，并且由宿主机制（乙酰化、甲基化和 microRNA 影响）驱动的表观遗传变化被添加到这些作用中。虽然发现与明显感染相比，从 OBI 中分离的 HBV S 基因的遗传变异性更大，但 OBI 的机制主要不是病毒突变。

关键词：共价闭合环状DNA；表观遗传因素；乙型肝炎病毒;免疫因素；微小RNA；隐匿性乙型肝炎。

©作者 2022。由百视登出版集团有限公司出版。保留所有权利。

StephenW

Occult hepatitis B - the result of the host immune response interaction with different genomic expressions of the virus
George Sebastian Gherlan  1
Affiliations
Affiliation

    1
    Department of Infectious Diseases, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 030303, Romania.

    PMID: 35979101 PMCID: PMC9258381 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i17.5518

Abstract

With over 40 years of history, occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) continues to remain an important and challenging public health problem. Defined as the presence of replication-competent hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (i.e., episomal HBV covalently closed circular DNA) in the liver and/or HBV DNA in the blood of people who test negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in currently available assays, OBI is currently diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR assays. However, all efforts should be made to exclude a false negative HBsAg in order to completely follow the definition of OBI. In recent years, significant advances have been made in understanding the HBV lifecycle and the molecular mechanisms that lead to the persistence of the virus in the occult form. These factors are mainly related to the host immune system and, to a smaller proportion, to the virus. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are important in HBV infection management, and epigenetic changes driven by host mechanisms (acetylation, methylation, and microRNA implication) are added to such actions. Although greater genetic variability in the S gene of HBV isolated from OBIs was found compared with overt infection, the mechanisms of OBI are not mainly viral mutations.

Keywords: Covalently closed circular DNA; Epigenetic factors; Hepatitis B virus; Immune factors; MicroRNA; Occult hepatitis B.

©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

StephenW

https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i17.5518