Toll 样受体介导的先天免疫在 HBV 感染中协调适应性免疫反应

StephenW

Toll 样受体介导的先天免疫在 HBV 感染中协调适应性免疫反应
杜彦琴 1 2 , 吴君 1 , 刘佳 1 , 新政 1 , 杨栋梁 1 , 梦集路 2
隶属关系
隶属关系

    1
    【作者单位】： 华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院感染科;
    2
    德国埃森杜伊斯堡-埃森大学埃森大学医院病毒学研究所。

    PMID：35967443 PMCID：PMC9372436 DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2022.965018

抽象的

慢性乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染仍然是一个巨大的全球负担，特别是对于终末期肝病。人们普遍认为，HBV 特异性 T 细胞和 B 细胞对于控制 HBV 感染至关重要。 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 是主要的一线抗病毒防御之一，通过诱导抗病毒炎症细胞因子和干扰素的细胞内信号通路，从而形成适应性免疫。然而，HBV 已经进化出通过抑制 TLR 表达和阻断下游信号通路来对抗 TLR 反应的策略，从而限制 HBV 特异性适应性免疫并促进病毒持续存在。最近的研究表明，不同 TLR 激动剂对 TLR 信号通路的刺激会增强宿主的先天免疫反应并导致 HBV 复制的抑制。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论 TLR 介导的反应如何塑造 HBV 特异性适应性免疫，如不同实验模型中所证明的那样。该信息可能为基于 TLR 激动剂作为免疫调节剂的 HBV 功能性治愈提供重要的见解。

关键词：T细胞反应； Toll样受体；适应性免疫；乙型肝炎病毒;先天免疫。

版权所有 © 2022 Du, Wu, Liu, Zheng, Yang and Lu.

StephenW

Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity orchestrates adaptive immune responses in HBV infection
Yanqin Du  1   2 , Jun Wu  1 , Jia Liu  1 , Xin Zheng  1 , Dongliang Yang  1 , Mengji Lu  2
Affiliations
Affiliations

    1
    Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
    2
    Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

    PMID: 35967443 PMCID: PMC9372436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965018

Abstract

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains to be a substantial global burden, especially for end-stage liver diseases. It is well accepted that HBV-specific T and B cells are essential for controlling HBV infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent one of the major first-line antiviral defenses through intracellular signaling pathways that induce antiviral inflammatory cytokines and interferons, thereby shaping adaptive immunity. However, HBV has evolved strategies to counter TLR responses by suppressing the expression of TLRs and blocking the downstream signaling pathways, thus limiting HBV-specific adaptive immunity and facilitating viral persistence. Recent studies have stated that stimulation of the TLR signaling pathway by different TLR agonists strengthens host innate immune responses and results in suppression of HBV replication. In this review, we will discuss how TLR-mediated responses shape HBV-specific adaptive immunity as demonstrated in different experimental models. This information may provide important insight for HBV functional cure based on TLR agonists as immunomodulators.

Keywords: T cell response; Toll-like receptor; adaptive immunity; hepatitis B virus; innate immunity.

Copyright © 2022 Du, Wu, Liu, Zheng, Yang and Lu.

StephenW

https://www.frontiersin.org/arti ... mmu.2022.965018/pdf