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清除慢性病毒感染的潜在新治疗途径 [复制链接]

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发表于 2021-11-30 09:36 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览 |打印
清除慢性病毒感染的潜在新治疗途径

日期:
    2021 年 11 月 29 日
来源:
    莫纳什大学
概括:
    最近对小鼠的一项研究发现,在慢性病毒感染期间,一种名为 BMI-1 的蛋白质在 B 细胞中过早开启并破坏了基因表达的微妙平衡,导致抗体无法成功清除病毒从身体。
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慢性传染病对全球健康具有破坏性影响。当某人患有慢性病毒感染(例如 HIV 或丙型肝炎)时,他们的 B 细胞会发生改变,从而产生低质量的抗体,这些抗体的强度不足以帮助身体清除感染。

莫纳什生物医学发现研究所 (BDI) 最近对小鼠进行的一项研究发现,在慢性病毒感染期间,一种名为 BMI-1 的蛋白质在 B 细胞中过早开启,扰乱了基因表达的微妙平衡,导致未能成功清除体内病毒的抗体。

然而,当这种蛋白质被靶向时,B细胞的性质可以改变,产生更高质量的抗体,加速病毒的清除,并可能提供一种新的治疗途径,帮助改善和调节身体的抗体反应,以取得更好的结果。

该研究结果现已发表在《自然免疫学》上。

B 细胞是一种白细胞,对感染有反应,最终会变成浆细胞。是浆细胞制造和分泌抗体。在感染期间,一些被激活的 B 细胞会迅速变成浆细胞,并在身体免疫反应的最初几天开始产生抗体。虽然这些抗体很有帮助,但它们的质量通常较低,并且不能清除感染。然而,它们确实给了免疫系统一些时间,让其他 B 细胞经历一个“训练期”,成为高质量的记忆 B 细胞和免疫浆细胞。

记忆 B 细胞将在很长一段时间内充当哨兵,在身体下次感染相同病原体时保持警惕。如果再次感染,它们可以迅速变成浆细胞并产生高质量的抗体,而无需再次接受训练,这有助于您的身体更快地清除感染,这也是疫苗起作用的原因。

当患者无法清除感染时,免疫反应会改变平衡以更快地产生抗体,如果没有足够的训练来中和病毒并形成保护性记忆 B 细胞和浆细胞。

首席研究员 Kim Good-Jacobson 副教授表示,能够调节异常抗体反应以加速病毒清除并减少慢性感染的疾病对患者和疾病负担具有显着益处。

“我们无法为数种慢性病毒感染生产有效的疫苗,这些病毒感染可能会导致数百万人的长期健康问题。我们想弄清楚抗体反应是如何被破坏的,这样我们就可以开始确定目标来调节抗体反应以获得更好的结果,”Good-Jacobson 副教授说。

“记忆免疫细胞和高质量抗体是支持成功疫苗提供免疫保护的强大动力,因此研究如何将药物直接输送到 B 细胞以改善抗体反应而不影响其他免疫细胞的工作情况至关重要。”

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发表于 2021-11-30 09:37 |只看该作者
Potential new therapeutic pathway to clear chronic viral infections

Date:
    November 29, 2021
Source:
    Monash University
Summary:
    A recent study in mice has uncovered that during chronic viral infection, a protein called BMI-1 gets turned on too early in B cells and messes up the delicate balance of gene expression, resulting in antibodies that are unsuccessful in their endeavor to clear the virus from the body.
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Chronic infectious diseases have a devastating effect on global health. When someone is suffering from a chronic viral infection such as HIV or hepatitis C, their B cells get altered resulting in low-quality antibodies that are not strong enough to help the body clear the infection.

A recent study in mice conducted by the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), has uncovered that during chronic viral infection, a protein called BMI-1 gets turned on too early in B cells and messes up the delicate balance of gene expression, resulting in antibodies that are unsuccessful in their endeavour to clear the virus from the body.

However, when this protein is targeted, the nature of the B cell can be changed to produce a higher quality antibody that accelerates clearance of a virus and may provide a new therapeutic pathway to help improve and regulate the body's antibody response to achieve better outcomes.

The findings have now been published in Nature Immunology.

B cells, a type of white blood cell, respond to infection and can eventually turn into plasma cells. It is the plasma cells that make and secrete antibodies. During an infection, some of the B cells that become activated can quickly become plasma cells and start to produce antibodies in the first few days of the body's immune response. While these antibodies are helpful, they are typically lower in quality and do not clear the infection. However, they do give the immune system some time to allow other B cells to undergo a "training period" to become high-quality memory B cells and plasma cells for immunity.

The memory B cells will act as sentinels for a long time, on guard for the next time the body gets infected with the same pathogen. If reinfected, they can quickly turn into plasma cells and make high-quality antibodies without having to undergo the training again, which helps your body clear the infection quicker and are the reason why vaccines work.

When a patient can't clear the infection, the immune response reacts by altering the balance in favour of producing antibodies faster, without the adequate training it needs to neutralise the virus and form protective memory B cells and plasma cells.

Lead researcher Associate Professor Kim Good-Jacobson said being able to modulate abnormal antibody responses to accelerate viral clearance and reduce disease in chronic infection has significant benefits to patients and the burden of disease.

"We haven't been able to produce effective vaccines for several chronic viral infections that can cause long-term health problems for millions of people. We wanted to figure out how antibody responses get disrupted, so we could start to identify targets to regulate the antibody response for better outcomes," said Associate Professor Good-Jacobson.

"Memory immune cells and high-quality antibodies are powerhouses underpinning immune protection provided by successful vaccines, so working on ways to deliver drugs directly to B cells to improve the antibody response without affecting how well other immune cells work is crucial."

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Materials provided by Monash University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

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发表于 2021-11-30 11:35 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 newchinabok 于 2021-11-30 11:50 编辑

学术讨论栏目的文章百分之99都没看过,标题都没看过,没有毛用。我是不指望新药了,真的新药上市,我可能六,七十岁了,对一个年纪大的人,新药有没有效果都不好说了,很多临床试验都很少包括六十岁以上的人了

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发表于 2021-11-30 13:41 |只看该作者
newchinabok 发表于 2021-11-30 11:35
学术讨论栏目的文章百分之99都没看过,标题都没看过,没有毛用。我是不指望新药了,真的新药上市,我可能六 ...

如果能撑到60岁以上,70几岁,说明要么已经和乙肝病毒和谐相处,要么就是转阴了。
现在去肝病科,看到的绝大多数都是40-60岁的。70岁以上的很少,估计要么自然转阴,要么抗病毒久了也转阴了 。

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发表于 2021-11-30 19:21 |只看该作者
美国FDA刚关了局长,有几十年的临床经验,可能会加快新药进度

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发表于 2021-11-30 19:22 |只看该作者
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