改进针对乙型肝炎的治疗性疫苗接种 - 从针对持续性乙型肝

StephenW

改进针对乙型肝炎的治疗性疫苗接种 - 从针对持续性乙型肝炎病毒感染的免疫治疗的临床前模型中获得的见解
Percy A Knolle 1 2 , Li-Rung Huang 3 , Anna Kosinska 4 , Dirk Wohlleber 1 , Ulrike Protzer 2 4
隶属关系
隶属关系

    1
    慕尼黑工业大学医学院分子免疫学和实验肿瘤学研究所，德国慕尼黑 81675。
    2
    德国感染研究中心 (DZIF)，慕尼黑站点，81675 慕尼黑，德国。
    3
    台湾苗栗市竹南镇国立卫生研究院分子与基因组医学研究所 350
    4
    慕尼黑工业大学医学院病毒学研究所，德国慕尼黑 81675。

    PMID：34835264 DOI：10.3390/vaccines9111333

抽象的

慢性乙型肝炎影响全球超过 2.5 亿人，使他们面临发展为肝硬化和肝癌的风险。虽然抗病毒免疫反应是消除乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染的关键，但以未能消除 HBV 感染的肝细胞为特征的抗病毒免疫不足与慢性乙型肝炎有关。针对乙型肝炎的预防性疫苗接种成功地建立了针对乙型肝炎感染的保护性免疫病毒并在控制乙型肝炎方面发挥了重要作用。然而，预防性疫苗接种计划未能成功地建立保护性免疫以消除慢性乙型肝炎患者的 HBV 感染。在这里，我们讨论目前关于治疗性疫苗接种策略的发展和功效的知识针对慢性乙型肝炎，特别强调对功能失调的抗病毒免疫的发病机制的理解。我们探索了组织内额外免疫刺激措施的开发，特别是免疫原性骨髓细胞群的激活，以及它们与治疗性疫苗接种策略相结合的用途，以提高针对慢性乙型肝炎的治疗性疫苗接种的功效。

关键词：乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）；治疗性疫苗接种；接种疫苗。

StephenW

Improving Therapeutic Vaccination against Hepatitis B-Insights from Preclinical Models of Immune Therapy against Persistent Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Percy A Knolle  1   2 , Li-Rung Huang  3 , Anna Kosinska  4 , Dirk Wohlleber  1 , Ulrike Protzer  2   4
Affiliations
Affiliations

    1
    Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
    2
    German Center for infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, 81675 Munich, Germany.
    3
    Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli City 350, Taiwan.
    4
    Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.

    PMID: 34835264 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111333

Abstract

Chronic hepatitis B affects more than 250 million individuals worldwide, putting them at risk of developing liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. While antiviral immune responses are key to eliminating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, insufficient antiviral immunity characterized by failure to eliminate HBV-infected hepatocytes is associated with chronic hepatitis B. Prophylactic vaccination against hepatitis B successfully established protective immunity against infection with the hepatitis B virus and has been instrumental in controlling hepatitis B. However, prophylactic vaccination schemes have not been successful in mounting protective immunity to eliminate HBV infections in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the development and efficacy of therapeutic vaccination strategies against chronic hepatitis B with particular emphasis on the pathogenetic understanding of dysfunctional anti-viral immunity. We explore the development of additional immune stimulation measures within tissues, in particular activation of immunogenic myeloid cell populations, and their use for combination with therapeutic vaccination strategies to improve the efficacy of therapeutic vaccination against chronic hepatitis B.

Keywords: hepatitis B virus (HBV); therapeutic vaccination; vaccination.