外来体在肝炎病毒感染及相关疾病中的新兴作用及治疗应用

StephenW

Emerging role and therapeutic application of exosome in hepatitis virus infection and associated diseases

    Ying Shi, Lingyao Du, Duoduo Lv, Yan Li, Zilong Zhang, Xiaolun Huang & Hong Tang

Journal of Gastroenterology volume 56, pages336–349(2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Hepatitis viruses are chief pathogens of hepatitis and end-stage liver diseases. Their replication and related pathogenic process highly rely on the host micro-environment and multiple cellular elements, including exosomes. Representing with a sort of cell-derived vesicle structure, exosomes were considered to be dispensable cellular components, even wastes. Along with advancing investigation, a specific profile of exosome in driving hepatitis viruses’ infection and hepatic disease progression is revealed. Exosomes greatly affect the pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses by mediating their replication and modulating the host immune responses. The characteristics of host exosomes are markedly changed after infection with hepatitis viruses. Exosomes released from hepatitis virus-infected cells can carry viral nucleic or protein components, thereby acting as an effective subterfuge for hepatitis viruses by participating in viral transportation and immune escape. On the contrary, immune cell-derived exosomes contribute toward the innate antiviral immune defense and virus eradication. There is growing evidence supporting the application of exosomal biomarkers for predicting disease progress or therapeutic outcome, while exosomal nanoshuttles are regarded as promising therapeutic options based on their delivery properties and immune compatibility. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis and secretion mechanism of exosomes, review the recent findings pertaining to the role of exosomes in the interplay between hepatitis viruses and innate immune responses, and conclude their potential in further therapeutic application.

StephenW

外来体在肝炎病毒感染及相关疾病中的新兴作用及治疗应用

    石英，杜玲瑶，吕多多，李艳，张子龙，黄小伦，唐红

胃肠病学杂志第56卷，第336–349页（2021）

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抽象的

肝炎病毒是肝炎和晚期肝病的主要病原体。它们的复制和相关的致病过程高度依赖宿主的微环境和多种细胞成分，包括外泌体。外泌体代表一种细胞衍生的囊泡结构，被认为是可有可无的细胞成分，甚至是废物。随着研究的深入，揭示了外来体在驱动肝炎病毒感染和肝病进展方面的特定特征。外来体通过介导其复制并调节宿主免疫应答而极大地影响肝炎病毒的发病机理。感染肝炎病毒后，宿主外泌体的特征发生了明显变化。从感染了肝炎病毒的细胞释放的外来体可以携带病毒核酸或蛋白质成分，从而通过参与病毒运输和免疫逃逸而成为肝炎病毒的有效替代物。相反，免疫细胞衍生的外来体有助于先天的抗病毒免疫防御和病毒清除。越来越多的证据支持将外泌体生物标记物用于预测疾病进展或治疗结果，而外泌体纳米穿刺剂由于其递送特性和免疫相容性被认为是有前途的治疗选择。在这篇综述中，我们总结了外泌体的生物发生和分泌机制，回顾了有关外泌体在肝炎病毒和先天性免疫反应之间相互作用中的作用的最新发现，并总结了它们在进一步治疗应用中的潜力。

StephenW

https://link.springer.com/articl ... c_springer_20210329