模式識別受體：在肝中表達的意義

StephenW

Pattern Recognition Receptors: Significance of Expression in the Liver
Jan Żeromski  1 , Agata Kierepa  2 , Bartosz Brzezicha  3 , Arleta Kowala-Piaskowska  2 , Iwona Mozer-Lisewska  2
Affiliations
Affiliations

    1
    Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Immunology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. [email protected].
    2
    Chair and Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
    3
    Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Immunology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

    PMID: 32944845 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00595-1

Abstract

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a pivotal part of the immune system. They are distributed in almost every site of higher organisms, able to recognize foreign pathogens or unwanted remnants of metabolism and mount innate immune response. Moreover, PRRs create bridging signaling to initiate adaptive immunity. The liver being the largest organ of the body, exposed to myriads of foreign substances often being immunogenic, is well equipped with PRRs. They act as sentinels of the organ, both in health and disease. In viral hepatitis C at least two of them, RIG-1 and TLR3 sense HCV, induce protective interferon production and create proinflammatory status. The hepatitis B virus is apparently invisible to PRRs, which has recently been denied. Besides, they are active in the course of infection. In liver injury and hepatic fibrogenesis Toll-like receptors (TLRs), predominantly TLR4, TLR3 and TLR9 are associated with gut microflora-related products and DNA from dying hepatocytes, lead to the activation of hepatic stellate cells. The latter initiate production of fibrillar collagens, the main agents forming hepatic fibrosis. Tumor cells of primary liver cancer also express PRRs, mainly TLRs. In concert with non-resolving liver inflammation, they are considered pivotal factors leading to carcinogenesis.

Keywords: Hepatic fibrosis; Hepatitis; Hepatocarcinogenesis; Liver; PRRs; TLRs.

StephenW

模式識別受體：在肝中表達的意義
JanŻeromski1，Agata Kierepa 2，Bartosz Brzezicha 3，Arleta Kowala-Piaskowska 2，Iwona Mozer-Lisewska 2
隸屬關係
隸屬關係

    1個
    Karol Marcinkowski醫科大學，波蘭波茲南，病理形態學和臨床免疫學主席。 [email protected]。
    2
    波蘭波茲南Karol Marcinkowski醫科大學傳染病，肝病學和後天免疫缺陷病學系主任和系主任。
    3
    波蘭波茲南Karol Marcinkowski醫科大學病理形態學和臨床免疫學主席。

    PMID：32944845 DOI：10.1007 / s00005-020-00595-1

抽象

模式識別受體（PRR）是免疫系統的關鍵部分。它們分佈在高等生物的幾乎每個部位，能夠識別外源病原體或不需要的新陳代謝殘留物並引發先天免疫反應。此外，PRR創建橋接信令以啟動自適應免疫。肝臟是人體最大的器官，暴露於數不清的經常具有免疫原性的異物中，具有良好的PRR功能。它們在健康和疾病方面均充當器官的前哨。在丙型病毒性肝炎中，至少有兩個，RIG-1和TLR3可檢測HCV，誘導產生保護性干擾素並產生促炎狀態。乙肝病毒顯然是PRR看不見的，最近已被拒絕。此外，它們在感染過程中是活躍的。在肝損傷和肝纖維化中，主要是TLR4，TLR3和TLR9的Toll樣受體（TLRs）與腸道菌群相關的產物和來自垂死的肝細胞的DNA有關，從而導致肝星狀細胞的活化。後者引發纖維狀膠原蛋白的產生，纖維狀膠原蛋白是形成肝纖維化的主要藥物。原發性肝癌的腫瘤細胞也表達PRR，主要是TLR。與無法解決的肝臟炎症相一致，它們被認為是導致癌變的關鍵因素。

關鍵字：肝纖維化；肝炎;肝癌發生；肝; PRR； TLR。