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The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is decreasing
after the first 5 years of entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir
(TDF) therapy in Caucasian chronic hepatitis B (CHB)
patients
George V. Papatheodoridis1, Cihan Yurdaydin2, George N.
Dalekos3, Maria Buti4, Heng Chi5, Florian van Bömmel6, Jose L.
Calleja7, Vana Sypsa8, Ioannis Goulis9, Spilios Manolakopoulos10,
Alessandro Loglio11, Spyros I. Siakavellas1, Onur Keskin2,
Nikolaos Gatselis3, Bettina E. Hansen5, Maria Lehretz6, Juan de
la Revilla7, Savvoula Savvidou9, Anastasia Kourikou10, Jiannis
Vlachogiannakos1, Ramazan Idilman2, Kostas Galanis3, Thomas
Berg6, Massimo Colombo11, Rafael Esteban4, Harry L. Janssen12,5,
Pietro Lampertico11; 1Department of Gastroenterology, Medical
School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko
General Hospital, Athens, Greece; 2Department of Gastroenterology,
University of Ankara Medical School, Ankara, Turkey;
3Department of Internal Medicine, Thessalia University Medical
School, Larissa, Greece; 4Hospital Valle Hebron and Ciberehd
del Institut Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; 5Department of Gastroenterology
& Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, Netherlands; 6University Hospital Leipzig, Leipsig, Germany;
7Hospital U Puerta de Hierro, IDIPHIM CIBERehd, Madrid,
Spain; 8Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology & Medical Statistics,
Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; 94th
Department of Internal Medicine, Αristotle University of Thessaloniki
Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece; 102nd Department
of Internal Medicine, Athens University Medical School, Athens,
Greece; 111st Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà
Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di
Milano, Milano, Italy; 12Liver Clinic, Toronto Western & General
Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
Background/Aim: We and others have shown that HCC can
still develop within the first 5 years (yrs) of therapy with nucleos(
t)ide analogues (NAs) regardless of on-therapy virological
remission. However, whether the HCC incidence remains the
same with prolongation of virlogical remission is currently
unclear. Thus, we assessed the HCC incidence beyond the
first 5 yrs of ETV/TDF therapy in Caucasian CHB patients
and possible factors associated with late HCC development.
Methods: This 10-center, large ongoing cohort study included
1954 adult Caucasians with CHB±compensated cirrhosis and
no HCC at baseline (mean age:53 yrs, males:71%, naive to
NAs:58%, cirrhosis:27%, BMI>25: 59%) who received ETV/
TDF for ≥1 yr (median: 6 yrs). Of them, 1205 (62%) patients
without HCC within the first 5 yrs of therapy (mean age:52 yrs,
males:71%, naive to antivirals:52%, cirrhosis:27%) have been
followed for >5 yrs (median:6.2, IQR:6.1-7.6). Results: HCCs
have been diagnosed in 101/1954 (5.2%) patients within
the first 5 yrs and 17/1205 (1.4%) patients remaining at risk
beyond the first 5 yrs of therapy. The 17 HCCs diagnosed
after year-5 developed in 8/851 (0.9%) patients without and
9/325 (2.8%) patients with cirrhosis before NAs therapy. The
yearly incidence rate [95% CI] of HCC was 1.22% [1.00-
1.48] within the first 5 yrs and 0.73% [0.45-1.17] after the
first 5 yrs of therapy (p=0.047). There was no difference in the
yearly HCC incidence rates within the first 5 yrs (0.49%) and
after the first 5 yrs of therapy (0.47%) in non-cirrhotic patients
(p=0.906), but there was a significant decrease in the yearly
HCC incidence rates in cirrhotic patients (first 5 yrs:3.21% vs
after 5 yrs:1.57%, p=0.038). HCC development beyond yr-5
was significantly associated with older age (RH per yr:1.067,
95% CI:1.018-1.119; p=0.007) and had a trend for association
with presence of cirrhosis at baseline (RH:2.281, 95%
CI:0.862-6.034; p=0.097), but not with gender (p=0.634).
All HCCs beyond year-5 developed in patients older than 50
yrs at NAs onset and age ≥50 yrs was a significant predictor
of such late HCC development (log-rank, P=0.008). ALT levels
or elevated ALT at baseline or at year 5 were not associated
with subsequent HCC development. Conclusions: The HCC
risk is decreasing after the first 5 yrs of ETV/TDF therapy in
CHB patients, particularly those with compensated cirrhosis at
baseline. The difference in the HCC incidence rates between
initially cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients becomes less pronounced
after year 5, when older age, especially age ≥50 yrs,
represents the main risk factor for HCC development.
Disclosures:
George V. Papatheodoridis - Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Merck
Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Abbvie, Boerhinger Ingelheim, Bristol-Meyer Squibb,
Gilead, Roche, Janssen, GlaxoSmith Kleine; Grant/Research Support: Roche,
Gilead, Bristol-Meyer Squibb, Abbvie, Janssen; Speaking and Teaching: Merck
Sharp & Dohme, Bristol-Meyer Squibb, Gilead, Roche, Janssen, Abbvie
Cihan Yurdaydin - Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Janssen, Roche,
Merck, Gilead, AbbVie; Speaking and Teaching: BMS
Maria Buti - Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Gilead, Janssen, MSD;
Grant/Research Support: Gilead, Janssen; Speaking and Teaching: Gilead,
Janssen, BMS
Jose L. Calleja - Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Gilead, Abbvie ; Speaking
and Teaching: Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, BMS
Ioannis Goulis - Consulting: Gilead Sciences, Abbvie, Janssen-Cilag, Janssen-Cilag,
BMS; Grant/Research Support: BMS; Speaking and Teaching: BMS, Gilead
Sciences, Janssen-Cilag
Spilios Manolakopoulos - Advisory Committees or Review Panels: NOVARTIS,
ABBVIE, MSD, BMS, GILEAD, JANNSEN; Consulting: GILEAD, BMS, ABBVIE,
JANNSEN, MSD; Grant/Research Support: BMS, GILEAD; Speaking and Teaching:
ABBVIE, MSD, GILEAD, BMS, GSK, JANNSEN
Thomas Berg - Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Gilead, BMS, Roche,
Tibotec, Vertex, Jannsen, Novartis, Abbott, Merck, Abbvie; Consulting: Gilead,
BMS, Roche, Tibotec; Vertex, Janssen; Grant/Research Support: Gilead, BMS,
Roche, Tibotec; Vertex, Jannssen, Merck/MSD, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis,
Abbvie; Speaking and Teaching: Gilead, BMS, Roche, Tibotec; Vertex, Janssen,
Merck/MSD, Novartis, Merck, Bayer, Abbvie
Massimo Colombo - Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Gilead Sciences,
Abbvie, BMS, Bayer, Merck; Speaking and Teaching: Gilead Sciences, Abbvie,
BMS, Bayer, Merck, Janssen, Sanofi, Vertex
Rafael Esteban - Speaking and Teaching: MSD, BMS, Novartis, Gilead, Glaxo,
MSD, BMS, Novartis, Gilead, Glaxo, Janssen
Harry L. Janssen - Consulting: AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, GSK, Gilead Sciences,
Innogenetics, Merck, Medtronic, Novartis, Roche, Janssen, Medimmune,
ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Tekmira; Grant/Research Support: AbbVie, Bristol Myers
Squibb, Gilead Sciences, Innogenetics, Merck, Medtronic, Novartis, Roche,
Janssen, Medimmune
Pietro Lampertico - Advisory Committees or Review Panels: BMS, BMS, Roche,
Gilead, GSK, MSD; Speaking and Teaching: Roche, Gilead, GSK, MSD
The following people have nothing to disclose: George N. Dalekos, Heng Chi,
Florian van Bömmel, Vana Sypsa, Alessandro Loglio, Spyros I. Siakavellas, Onur
Keskin, Nikolaos Gatselis, Bettina E. Hansen, Maria Lehretz, Juan de la Revilla,
Savvoula Savvidou, Anastasia Kourikou, Jiannis Vlachogiannakos, Ramazan
Idilman, Kostas Galanis
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