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Impact of long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B
W. Ray Kim MD1,*, Rohit Loomba MD, MHSc2, Thomas Berg MD3, Raul E. Aguilar Schall PhD4, Leland J. Yee PhD, MPH4, Phillip V. Dinh PhD4, John F. Flaherty PharmD4, Eduardo B. Martins MD, DPhil4, Terry M. Therneau PhD5, Ira Jacobson MD6, Scott Fung MD7, Selim Gurel MD8, Maria Buti MD, PhD9 andPatrick Marcellin MD10
Article first published online: 15 JUL 2015
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29537
© 2015 American Cancer Society
Issue
Cover image for Vol. 121 Issue 15
Cancer
Early View (Online Version of Record published before inclusion in an issue)
Additional Information(Show All)
1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
2 Divisions of Gastroenterology and Epidemiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
3 Section of Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
4 Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California
5 Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
6 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
7 Department of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
8 Department of Gastroenterology, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey
9 Liver Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron and Institute Ciberehd Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
10 Hepatology Service, Beaujon Hospital, Paris-Diderot University and INSERM CRI/UMR 1149, Clichy, France
*Corresponding author: W. Ray Kim, MD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC: 5187 Stanford, CA 94305-5187; Fax: (650) 723-5488; [email protected]
We thank Dr. H.I. Yang for providing detailed information on the Risk Estimation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B (REACH-B) score, including its underlying survival function.
Keywords:
antiviral therapy;chronic hepatitis B;hepatocellular carcinoma;REACH-B;tenofovir disoproxil;fumarate
BACKGROUND
Efficacy trials have shown that antiviral therapy improves the outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, prospective data regarding the effect of antiviral therapy on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially among patients without cirrhosis, are limited. The authors examined the impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) on the incidence of HCC using a validated prediction model.
METHODS
The incidence of HCC in patients treated with TDF was obtained in the pivotal TDF registration studies after 384 weeks of follow-up. The predicted risk of HCC in individual patients was calculated using the Risk Estimation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B (REACH-B) model, which estimates HCC incidence for up to 10 years based on age, sex, alanine aminotransferase level, hepatitis B e antigen status, and HBV-DNA. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated comparing the observed and predicted numbers of HCC cases in the study cohort.
RESULTS
Among 634 patients with evaluable baseline biopsies, 152 had cirrhosis (Ishak fibrosis score of 5 or 6) and 482 did not. During the 384 weeks of study, 14 cases of HCC were reported, with 4 occurring within the first year. The incidence of HCC was 0.37% per year in the study as a whole (0.28% among patients without cirrhosis and 0.65% among patients with cirrhosis). Among patients without cirrhosis, the observed incidence of HCC was significantly lower than predicted (SIR, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.199-0.795). The last HCC case in a patient with cirrhosis occurred around week 192 with an SIR of 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.231-1.144) reported at week 384.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the REACH-B risk calculator, long-term therapy with TDF was associated with a reduced incidence of HCC among patients without cirrhosis who met treatment criteria. Cancer 2015. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
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