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O015
QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF MUTATIONS IN BASAL CORE
PROMOTOR REGION SUGGEST A LOSS OF IMMUNE TOLERANCE
IN HBeAg POSITIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTIONS
G. Rosenberg1, J. Bayliss1, L. Yuen1, A. Gaggar2, K. Kitrinos2,
M. Subramanian2, E. Gane3, H.L. Chan4, R. Hammond1, S. Bowden1,
P. Revill1, S. Locarnini1, A. Thompson5. 1VIDRL, Melbourne, Australia;
2Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, United States; 3New Zealand
Transplant Unit, Auckland, New Zealand; 4The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong, China; 5St Vincent’s Hospital,
Melbourne, Australia
E-mail: [email protected]
Background and Aims: The standard clinical definition of immune
tolerant (IT) CHB includes HBeAg positivity, high HBVDNA, normal
ALT and minimal hepatic necroinflammation, assuming aBVHBV
predominantly wildtype HBV quasispecies under no immune
pressure. The GS-US-203-0101 trial evaluated TDF vs TDF+FTC
therapy in IT patients, and we previously identified the presence
of immune evasion mutations in a subset these patients using
population sequencing, suggesting that current clinical criteria need
updating. The aim of this study was to quantify immune evasion
mutations by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and evaluate their
impact at baseline and on-treatment.
Methods: Whole genome NGS was performed on baseline samples
(Illumina Miseq). A bioinformatics pipeline assembled validated
and mapped the sequencing data. This was analysed against
baseline demographic, clinical, and virological data, as well as ontreatment
outcomes after 192 weeks.
Results: Data were available for 99 patients (median age 32 yrs,
51% male, 95% Asian, genotype B/C 58%/42%; median ALT 25 IU/mL,
HBVDNA 8.5 log10 IU/mL, HBsAg 4.8 log10 IU/mL, HBeAg 3.6
log10PEIU/mL). NGS detected and quantified mutations present >1%,
including those at low frequency (<20%) that were not seen by
population sequencing (see Table 1).
The levels of BCP mutations fell into three categories, <1%, 1–5% and
>45%. Linear regression showed higher prevalence was associated
with older age (p = 0.001) and lower baseline HBsAg and HBeAg
titres (p < 0.001). A threshold of >1% BCP mutations at baseline
was analysed with respect to treatment outcomes alongside
previously identified parameters including treatment arm, baseline
serology and genotype. >1% BCP was independently associated
with improved viral suppression (89% vs 58%, OR= 12, p = 0.005)
and increased HBeAg decline (OR = 27, p = 0.004). Clinically relevant
thresholds for other mutations were investigated; core P130T >1%
negatively impacted on HBeAg decline (OR = 0.16, p = 0.02) and
NRE G1613A >5% negatively impacted viral suppression (OR = 0.24,
p = 0.02).
Table 1. Key mutations
NGS Population
sequencing
Negative Regulatory Element (NRE) G1613A 73 (74%) 19 (19%)
Basal Core Promotor (BCP) 1762/1764 23 (23%) 12 (12%)
BCP T/C1858G 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Precore (PC) G1896A 15 (15%) 3 (3%)
Core P130T 47 (47%) 6 (6%)
PreS1 M1 33 (33%) 4 (4%)
PreS2 M1 11 (11%) 6 (6%)
HBsAg P120T/G145R 9 (9%) 4 (4%)
RT 80/169/173/180/181/184/202/204/236/250 12 (12%) 0 (0%)
Conclusions: BCP mutations are a virological response to host
immune pressure. An increased prevalence was associated with
lower HBeAg and HBsAg titres, improved viral suppression and
HBeAg decline on-treatment. These findings demonstrate baseline
heterogeneity within this immune tolerant population possibly
due to variability in immune pressure. Furthermore, these results
suggest that the current definition of IT may need to be updated to
include detection of BCP variants.
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