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Viral Hepatitis
Untreated highly viraemic pregnant women from Asia or sub-Saharan Africa often transmit hepatitis B virus despite serovaccination to newborns†
Pierre Sellier1,*,
Sarah Maylin2,
Rishma Amarsy3,
Marie-Christine Mazeron2,
Lucile Larrouy4,
Stéphanie Haïm-Boukobza5,
Amanda Lopes1,
Maria-Dolores Moreno6,
Aude Ricbourg6,
Guy Simoneau1,
Jean-Dominique Magnier1,
Sophie Mercier-Delarue2,
Véronique Delcey1,
John Evans1,
Emmanuelle Cambau3,
Emmanuel Barranger6,
François Simon2 and
Jean-François Bergmann1
Article first published online: 28 APR 2014
DOI: 10.1111/liv.12561
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Issue
Liver International
Volume 35, Issue 2, pages 409–416, February 2015
Article has an altmetric score of 1
How to CiteAuthor InformationPublication History
†
This study has been previously presented in part at The International Liver CongressTM 2013, 48th annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April 24-28/2013 (A-533-0018-00373). New data concerning the mothers and the infected children have been added.
Abstract
Background & Aims
Mother-to-child (MTC) hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission has been mainly studied in Asia. The geographical origins of women and HBV genotypes differ in Europe. The aims were to determine the rate and risk factors of MTC HBV transmission from women with high HBV DNA loads in a maternity hospital in Paris, France.
Methods
Retrospective study of HIV-negative, HBs Ag-positive pregnant women with HBV DNA loads above 5 Log10 I.U/ml who were not given lamivudine or tenofovirDF during pregnancy between 2004 and 2011.
Results
Among 11 417 pregnant women, 437 (4%) showed a positive HBs Ag. Among these women, 52 had HBV DNA loads above 5 Log10 I.U/ml: 41, 10 and 1 born in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Europe respectively. Among the 52 women, 40 were eligible for the analysis: no antiviral therapy during pregnancy; children over 9 months old. Twenty-eight (70%) women were assessed, corresponding to 41 childbirths. Eleven children (27%) had positive HBs Ag, 14 (34%) had positive HBc and HBs Ab, 16 (39%) had positive HBs Ab only. The risk of having positive HBs Ag, according to maternal HBV DNA loads, was 14% for HBV DNA loads less or equal to 8 Log10 I.U/ml, 42% for HBV DNA loads over 8 Log10 I.U/ml, P = 0.04, but not related to the women's origin, HBV genotype.
Conclusions
This study confirms that serovaccination does not fully protect newborns from MTC HBV transmission, when maternal HBV DNA loads exceed 5 Log10 I.U/ml, regardless of the women's origin or HBV genotype.
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