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Reduction of HBV replication prolongs the early immunological response to IFNa therapy
Anthony T. Tan 1,, Long Truong Hoang 2,, Daniel Chin 3, Erik Rasmussen 3, Uri Lopatin 3,,
Stefan Hart 3, Hans Bitter 3, Tom Chu 3, Lore Gruenbaum 3, Palani Ravindran 3, Hua Zhong 3,
Ed Gane 4, Seng Gee Lim 5, Wan Cheng Chow 6, Pei-Jer Chen 7, Rosemary Petric 3,
Antonio Bertoletti 1,8,⇑,, Martin Lloyd Hibberd 2,
1 Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A⁄STAR, Singapore;
2 Genome Institute of Singapore, A⁄STAR, Singapore;
3 Hoffmann-La Roche,
Switzerland;
4 Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand;
5 National University Hospital, Singapore;
6 Singapore General Hospital, Singapore;
7 National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;
8 Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
Background & Aims: The interaction between HBV replication
and immune modulatory effects mediated by IFNa therapy is
not well understood. We characterized the impact of HBV DNA
replication on the early IFNa-induced immunomodulatory
mechanisms.
Methods:We interrogated the transcriptional, serum cytokine/
chemokine and cellular immune profiles of 28 patients with
HBeAg+ chronic HBV infection (CHB) randomly assigned to one
of 4 treatment cohorts (untreated n = 5, weekly dosing of
360 lg Pegasys [PegIFNa] n = 11, daily dose of 300 mg Viread
[tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, TDF] n = 6, or a combination of
both n = 6). Samples were characterized at multiple early time
points through day 14 of therapy, after which all patients were
given standard of care (180 lg Pegasys injected subcutaneously,
weekly).
Results: PegIFNa induced a distinct and rapid up-regulation of
IFN signaling pathway that coincided with increase detection of
distinct serum cytokines/chemokines (IL-15, IL-6, and CXCL-10)
and the up-regulation of the frequency of proliferating NK and
activated total CD8+ T cells. IFNa treatment alone did not result
in rapid decay of HBV replication and was not able to restore
the defective HBV-specific T cell response present in CHB
patients. In addition, the IFNa immune-stimulatory effects
diminished after the first dose, but this refractory effect was
reduced in patients where HBV replication was simultaneously
inhibited with TDF.
Conclusions:We present here the first comprehensive description
of the early effects of IFNa treatment on immune and viral
biomarkers in HBeAg+ CHB patients. Our results show that
PegIFNa-induced innate immune activation directly benefits
from the suppression of HBV replication.
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