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New Research Shows Promise for Possible HIVCure
新研究表明有望治愈HIV感染
Dec. 3, 2013 — Researchers have usedradioimmunotherapy (RIT) to destroy remaining human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected cells in the blood samples of patients treated with antiretroviraltherapy, offering the promise of a strategy for curing HIV infection.
2013年12月3日—研究人员利用放射免疫疗法（RIT）来摧毁抗病毒疗法治疗过的患者血样当中依然被人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的细胞，这种疗法为治愈HIV感染的提供了新策略。
Results of the study were presented today at the annualmeeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA).
此研究的结果今天在北美放射协会（RSNA）的年会上得到陈述。
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) hastransformed the outlook for patientsinfected with HIV by suppressing the replication of the virus in the body.However, despite the success of HAART in effectively reducing the burden ofHIV, scientists believe reservoirs of latently infected cells persist in thebody, preventing the possibility of a permanent cure.
高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）通过抑制机体内病毒的复制改变了对感染HIV患者的看法。然而，尽管高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）能够有效的减少HIV的负荷，科学家相信在患者机体内依然有被HIV感染的细胞，使得HIV储存在这些细胞中，从而阻碍了永久性的治疗这种疾病的可能。
"In an HIV patient on HAART, drugs suppress viralreplication, which means they keep the number of viral particles in a patient'sbloodstream very low. However, HAART cannot kill the HIV-infected cells,"said the study's lead author, Ekaterina Dadachova, Ph.D., professor ofradiology, microbiology and immunology at Albert Einstein College of Medicinein the Bronx, N.Y. "Any strategy for curing HIV infection must include amethod to eliminate viral-infected cells."
本研究的第一作者兼纽约布朗克斯区爱因斯坦医学院放射学，微生物学兼免疫学教授EkaterinaDadachova博士说：“对于一位使用高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）及通过药物抑制病毒复制治疗的患者，这就意味着在患者血液当中病毒粒子的数量保持的非常低。但是，高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）不能够杀灭被HIV感染的细胞。治愈HIV感染患者的方法只能是要消除所有被病毒感染的细胞。”
In her study, Dr. Dadachova and a team of researchersadministered RIT to blood samples from 15 HIV patients treated with HAART atthe Einstein-Montefiore Center for AIDS Research.
RIT, which has historically been employed totreat cancer, uses monoclonal antibodies -- cloned cells thatare recruited by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens.Antigens are foreign objects like bacteria and viruses that stimulate an immuneresponse in the body. The antibody, designed to recognize and bind to aspecific cell antigen, is paired with a radioactive isotope. When injected intothe patient's bloodstream, the laboratory-developed antibody travels to thetarget cell where the radiation is then delivered.
在她的研究当中，Dadachova博士及其研究团队把RIT注入到在Einstein-Montefiore Center使用高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）治疗过的15位患者的血样当中去来进行艾滋病的研究。之前用于治疗癌症的放射免疫疗法（RIT）利用单克隆抗体（克隆细胞产生的抗体用于识别及中和抗原）。抗原是一些如细菌及病毒等刺激机体免疫应答的一些外来物。这种疗法是将用于识别及结合到特定细胞抗原的抗体配合上放射性同位素的一种治疗方法。当把这种物质（放射标记的抗体）注入到患者的血液中，这种实验室设计的抗体能够游离到靶细胞，然后释放出射线。
"In RIT, the antibodies bind to the infected cells andkill them by radiation," Dr. Dadachova said. "When HAART and RIT areused together, they kill the virus and the infected cells, respectively."
在放射免疫疗法中，抗体结合到受感染的细胞上并通过射线杀死这些细胞，当将高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）及放射免疫疗法结合治疗（RIT）时，他们能够分别杀死病毒及受感染的细胞。
For the study, Dr. Dadachova's team paired themonoclonal antibody (mAb2556) designed to target a protein expressed on thesurface of HIV-infected cells with the radionuclide Bismuth-213.
为了此项研究，Dadachova博士的研究团队将单克隆抗体（mAb2556）与放射性核素铋-213配对在一起，mAb2556抗体能够靶向作用于HIV感染的细胞表面表达的蛋白。
The researchers found that RIT was able tokill HIV-infected lymphocytes previously treated with HAART, reducing the HIVinfection in the blood samples to undetectable levels.
"The elimination of HIV-infected cellswith RIT was profound and specific," Dr. Dadachova said. "Theradionuclide we used delivered radiation only to HIV-infected cells withoutdamaging nearby cells."
研究人员发现放射免疫疗法（RIT）能够杀死之前使用高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）治疗过患者体内被HIV感染的淋巴细胞，将血样中HIV感染率降低到了位能检测到的水平。Dadachova博士说：“使用放射免疫疗法清除HIV感染的细胞的意义非常深远并且很具体，而且我们所使用的放射性核素铋所释放的射线只会杀死HIV感染的细胞而对周围的细胞无害。”
An important part of the study tested the ability of theradiolabeled antibody to reach HIV-infected cells in the brain and centralnervous system. Using an in vitro human blood brain barrier model, theresearchers demonstrated that radiolabeled mAb2556 could cross the blood brainbarrier and kill HIV-infected cells without any overt damage to the barrieritself.
其中此项研究重要的一个部分是检测放射标记的抗体到达脑及中枢神经系统内HIV感染的细胞的能力。研究人员利用体外人体血脑屏障模型揭示了放射标记的mAb2556单抗能够通过血脑屏障并且杀死HIV感染的细胞，而不会对血脑屏障本省造成任何损伤。
"Antiretroviral treatment only partially penetratesthe blood brain barrier, which means that even if a patient is free of HIVsystemically, the virus is still able to rage on in the brain, causingcognitive disorders and mental decline," Dr. Dadachova said. "Ourstudy showed that RIT is able to kill HIV-infected cells both systemically andwithin the central nervous system."
Dadachova博士说：“抗病毒治疗只能部分通过血脑屏障，这就意味着甚至患者还没有达到HIV系统性感染，HIV依然能够达到脑部，造成认知障碍及智力下降。我们的研究表明放射免疫疗法（RIT）都能够将系统性HIV感染的细胞及中枢神经系统内感染的细胞杀死。”
According to Dr. Dadachova, clinical trials in HIV patientsare the next step for the RIT treatment.
根据Dadachova博士介绍，对HIV患者进行临床试验将是放射免疫疗法实现治疗的下一步过程。 |
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发表于 2013-12-7 21:26
