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Inactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in cultured cells and in vivo with engineered Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases
Molecular Therapy accepted article preview 25 July 2013; doi: 10.1038/mt.2013.170
http://www.nature.com/mt/journal/vaop/naam/abs/mt2013170a.html
Kristie Bloom1, Abdullah Ely1, Claudio Mussolino2, Toni Cathomen2 and Patrick Arbuthnot1
1Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology and African Network for Drugs and Diagnostics Innovation (ANDI) Centre of Excellence, Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
2Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Correspondence: Patrick Arbuthnot, Tel.: +27 11 717 2365; Fax: +27 11 2395, E-mail address: [email protected]
Received 2 May 2013; Accepted 14 July 2013
Accepted article preview online 25 July 2013
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Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains an important global health problem. Stability of the episomal covalently closed circular HBV DNA (cccDNA) is largely responsible for the modest curative efficacy of available therapy. Since licensed antiHBV drugs have a post transcriptional mechanism of action, disabling cccDNA is potentially of therapeutic benefit. To develop this approach, we engineered mutagenic transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) that target four HBV-specific sites within the viral genome. TALENs with cognate sequences in the S or C open reading frames (ORFs) efficiently disrupted sequences at the intended sites and suppressed markers of viral replication. Following triple transfection of cultured HepG2.2.15 cells under mildly hypothermic conditions, the S TALEN caused targeted mutation in approximately 35% of cccDNA molecules. Markers of viral replication were also inhibited in vivo in a murine hydrodynamic injection model of HBV replication. HBV target sites within S and C ORFs of the injected HBV DNA were mutated without evidence of toxicity. These findings are the first to demonstrate a targeted nuclease-mediated disruption of HBV cccDNA. Efficacy in vivo also indicates that these engineered nucleases have potential for use in treatment of chronic HBV infection.
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