研究发现细胞抵御HIV的关键机制

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Scientists have moved a step closer tounderstanding how one of our body's own proteins helps stop the humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in its tracks.

科学家们在了解来自于人体自身的一个蛋白质是如何阻止人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）发展的道路上迈出了巨大的一步。

The study, carried out by researchers atThe University of Manchester and the Medical Research Council's NationalInstitute for Medical Research and published in Nature, provides a blueprintfor the design of new drugs to treat HIV infection, say the researchers.

曼彻斯特大学和医学研究理事会（MRC）国家医学研究所的研究人员为大家描绘了一副关于设计新的HIV感染治疗药物的蓝图。他们的研究成果发表在了《自然》上。

Scientists in the United States and Francerecently discovered that a protein named SAMHD1 was able to prevent HIVreplicating in a group of white blood cells called myeloid cells.

美国和法国科学家们最近发现一种名为SAMHD1的蛋白质，该蛋白质能够阻止白细胞（一种骨髓细胞）中艾滋病毒的复制。

Now, crucially, the teams from Manchesterand the MRC have shown how SAMHD1 prevents the virus from replicating itselfwithin these cells, opening up the possibility of creating drugs that imitatethis biological process to prevent HIV replicating in the sentinel cells of theimmune system.

现在重要的是，来自曼彻斯特大学以及MRC的研究团队为大家展示了SAMHD1蛋白是如何阻断这些细胞内病毒复制的，同时他们的研究成果也为通过模拟这一生物学过程（模拟SAMHD1蛋白的生物功效——抑制艾滋病毒在免疫系统中“哨兵细胞”里的复制（增殖、生长）），创造新的艾滋病治疗药物提供了可能性。

"HIV is one of the most common chronicinfectious diseases on the planet, so understanding its biology is critical tothe development of novel antiviral compounds," said Dr, who led the studyin Manchester's School of Biomedicine.

Michelle Webb博士认为：“艾滋病是地球上最常见的慢性传染病之一，因此了解其生物学是开发新型抗病毒化合物的关键”。Michelle Webb博士领导了在曼彻斯特大学生物医学院开展的这项研究。

"SAMHD1 has been shown to prevent the HIVvirus replicating in certain cells but precisely how it does this wasn't known.Our research has found that SAMHD1 is able to degrade deoxynucleotides, whichare the building blocks required for replication of the virus.

在某些细胞内，SAMHD1已被证明能抑制艾滋病毒的复制，但SAMHD1发挥抑制艾滋病毒复制的确切机制目前仍不是非常清楚。我们的研究发现：SAMHD1降解了脱氧核苷酸，而脱氧核苷酸是病毒复制所必需的关键元素。

"If we can stop the virus fromreplicating within these cells we can prevent it from spreading to other cellsand halt the progress of the infection."

如果我们能阻止艾滋病毒在这些细胞内的复制，我们就可以抑制艾滋病毒蔓延至（传染给）其他细胞，这样就能够防止感染向前发展（恶化）。

Co-author Dr Ian Taylor, from the MRC'sNational Institute for Medical Research, added: "We now wish to definemore precisely, at a molecular level, how SAMHD1 functions. This will pave theway for new therapeutic approaches to HIV-1 and even vaccine development."

来着MRC的国家医学研究院、同时也是这篇论文的共同作者——Ian Taylor博士补充说：“我们现在希望能在分子水平上更加准确的定义SAMHD1的功能。一旦这一期望实现后，那么开发新的治疗艾滋病的方法甚至是治疗艾滋病的疫苗都会变得更加容易些”。

The study was funded by the MedicalResearch Council, the European Union Seventh Framework Programme and theEuropean Leukodystrophy Association.

这项研究的是由医学研究理事会、欧盟第七号框架计划以及欧洲脑白质营养不良协会资助的。

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