High hopes of HIV cure by injection [& Hepatitis b?]

StephenW

http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/high-hopes-of-hiv-cure-by-injection-treatment-may-only-take-month/story-e6frf7kx-1225999810530
High hopes of HIV cure by injection, treatment may only take month                                                                                                               

• Marianne Betts, health reporter
• From: Herald Sun
• February 04, 2011  12:01AM
  

               
                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                 

Experts believe the injection immune boost could lead to a cure for HIV within 15 years.                    Source: Supplied                                                                                

                                                                 

MELBOURNE scientists have made a major breakthrough they believe will lead to a cure for HIV.                                                               
                        
The scientists have cleared an HIV-like infection in mice by boosting their immune system with a synthetic version of a hormone that occurs naturally in the body.
"We are very optimistic that we should be able to find a cure for HIV in 10 to 15 years," said lead researcher Dr Marc Pellegrini, of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute.
Dr Pellegrini said the cure would be in the form of an injection, given to HIV patients either every three days or once a week -- depending on its strength -- for about a month.

The breakthrough could cure other chronic viral infections, such as hepatitis B and C, and bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, he said.

There are 20,000 HIV+ Australians, while more than 7000 have died from HIV-related illnesses.
"Viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B and C overwhelm the immune system, leading to the establishment of chronic infections that are lifelong and incurable," Dr Pellegrini said.
The body became so overrun by the virus the immune system, in particular T-cells, gave up trying to battle the infection.
The breakthrough centres on a hormone that occurs in low levels in the body's immune system called interlukin-7 (IL-7).
Dr Pellegrini's team infected mice with a virus which mimics HIV. Some were then injected with IL-7 over three weeks, and the rest given an alternative.
The researchers found that the T cell numbers in the mice given IL-7 were boosted dramatically after 30 days -- and after 60 days they were clear of the virus.
Dr Pellegrini hopes to begin trials on newly infected HIV patients within two years
The research is published in the journal Cell.
[email protected]

StephenW

高治愈艾滋病希望通过注射，治疗可能只需要一个月

    *玛丽安贝茨，健康记者
    *来自：太阳先驱报
    * 2011年2月4日上午12:01


专家认为，注射免疫刺激可能导致在15年的艾滋病毒治疗。来源：提供

墨尔本科学家已经取得了重大突破，他们认为这将导致对艾滋病毒治疗。

科学家们通过提高清除的和自然产生的激素在人体内合成的，他们的免疫系统在小鼠艾滋病病毒感染一样。

“我们非常乐观地认为，我们应该能够找到在10至15年的艾滋病毒治疗，说：”佩莱格里尼的首席研究员马克博士，沃尔特和伊丽莎的霍尔研究所。

佩莱格里尼博士表示，将在治疗的注射方式，给予艾滋病患者或每三天或每周一次 - 根据其强度 - 约一个月。

这一突破可以治疗其他慢性病毒感染，如B和C型肝炎，肺结核等细菌感染，他说。

有20000 HIV阳性澳大利亚人，而超过7000从艾滋病毒有关的疾病而死亡。


“如艾滋病毒和乙肝和丙肝病毒压倒免疫系统，导致其对终身无法治愈的慢性感染和建立”博士佩莱格里尼说。

身体变得如此侵占病毒的免疫系统，特别是T细胞，放弃了战斗的感染。

在激素水平低，在发生在人体的免疫系统的突破中心称为白细胞介素6（白细胞介素- 7）。

佩莱格里尼博士的研究小组与艾滋病毒感染小鼠的模仿。有些人则注射白细胞介素- 7三个多星期，其余给予选择。

研究人员发现，在给定的IL - 7的小鼠T细胞数目显着增强后30天 - 60天之后，他们的病毒清除。

医生佩莱格里尼希望两年内开始新感染艾滋病毒患者的审判

这项研究发表在Cell杂志。

[email protected]

yolanda67

freshnail

CELL 杂志，很NB的科学杂志啊！！

致少从科学上来说，实验室的数据可信度比较大吧

StephenW

回复 freshnail 的帖子

Walter and Eliza Hall Institute 在澳大利亚的墨尔本。非常有名.

freshnail

http://www.cell.com/abstract/S0092-8674(11)00012-2

Cell, 03 February 2011
Copyright  2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
10.1016/j.cell.2011.01.011



Authors
Marc Pellegrini, Thomas Calzascia, Jesse G. Toe, Simon P. Preston, Amy E. Lin, Alisha R. Elford, Arda Shahinian, Philipp A. Lang, Karl S. Lang, Michel Morre, Brigitte Assouline, Katharina Lahl, Tim Sparwasser, Thomas F. Tedder, Ji-hye Paik, Ronald A. DePinho, Sameh Basta, Pamela S. Ohashi, Tak W. MakSee AffiliationsHint: Rollover Authors and Affiliations The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada Cytheris Inc., 92130 Issy les Moulineaux, France Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Str.7, 30625 Hannover, Germany Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 396, Canada Corresponding author These authors contributed equally to this work These authors contributed equally to this work
Highlights
•Socs3 is upregulated in T cells during chronic active viral infection in mice
•Deletion of socs3 in T cells prevents immune failure and promotes viral clearance
•In vivo IL-7 therapy represses Socs3 in T cells and clears chronic infection
•IL-7 promotes IL-22 production to mitigate immunopathology in chronic infection

Summary
Understanding the factors that impede immune responses to persistent viruses is essential in designing therapies for HIV infection. Mice infected with LCMV clone-13 have persistent high-level viremia and a dysfunctional immune response. Interleukin-7, a cytokine that is critical for immune development and homeostasis, was used here to promote immunity toward clone-13, enabling elucidation of the inhibitory pathways underlying impaired antiviral immune response. Mechanistically, IL-7 downregulated a critical repressor of cytokine signaling, Socs3, resulting in amplified cytokine production, increased T cell effector function and numbers, and viral clearance. IL-7 enhanced thymic output to expand the naive T cell pool, including T cells that were not LCMV specific. Additionally, IL-7 promoted production of cytoprotective IL-22 that abrogated liver pathology. The IL-7-mediated effects were dependent on endogenous IL-6. These attributes of IL-7 have profound implications for its use as a therapeutic in the treatment of chronic viral diseases.

freshnail

不知道是不是这篇文章？

StephenW

回复 freshnail 的帖子

我想就是这篇文章. 非常好. Professor Michel 在她的论文也提到IL-7(http://www.hbvhbv.com/forum/thread-1000391-2-1.html。
以下是澳大利亚的ABC广播电台关于这
发现.

Immune system boost cures HIV mice

By national medical reporter Sophie Scott

Posted February 4, 2011 11:16:00

A group of Australian scientists have been able to cure HIV in mice by boosting their immune systems.

Doctor Marc Pellegrini from Melbourne's Walter and Eliza Hall Institute found a hormone known as Interleukin 7 stimulates the body's response to an infection, causing it to clear the virus.
This process is called immune exhaustion.
"We found that Interleukin 7 boosted the immune response in a pretty profound fashion, such that animals were able to gradually clear the virus without too much collateral tissue damage," Dr Pellegrini said.

"The findings could lead to a cure for chronic viral infections like HIV, hepatitis B and C, and bacterial infections such as tuberculosis."

The aim of the research was to manipulate the immune system to fight off infection.
"Viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B and C overwhelm the immune system, leading to establishment of chronic infections that are lifelong and incurable," Dr Pellegrini said.
"Despite tremendous efforts, long-lived immune responses for some of these viruses are ineffective because the body is so overrun by virus that the immune system - in particular T cells - just give up trying to battle the infection."
The scientists also found that gene SOCS-3 was switched off, which boosted the immune system and allowed the animals to clear the HIV infection.
The findings have been published today in the medical journal, Cell.

提高艾滋病治疗免疫系统小鼠

由国家医疗记者索菲斯科特

于2011年2月4日11时16分00秒



澳大利亚一组科学家已经能够治愈小鼠提高他们的免疫系统艾滋病毒。

医生马克佩莱格里尼从墨尔本的沃尔特和伊丽莎霍尔研究所发现的白细胞介素7已知的激素刺激身体的反应，感染，导致它以清除病毒。

这个过程被称为免疫用尽。

“我们发现，白细胞介素7推动在一个漂亮的深刻时尚的免疫反应，使得动物能够逐渐清晰，没有太多的抵押品组织损伤的病毒，”博士佩莱格里尼说。

“调查结果可能会导致慢性病毒感染艾滋病毒一样，B和C型肝炎，肺结核等细菌感染的治疗。”

本研究的目的是为了操纵免疫系统抵御感染。

“如艾滋病毒和乙肝和丙肝病毒压倒免疫系统，导致被终身无法治愈的慢性感染和建立”博士佩莱格里尼说。

“尽管巨大的努力，对这些病毒的一些长期存在的免疫反应是无效的，因为身体是如此溢出，病毒，免疫系统 - 特别是在细胞笔 - 。干脆放弃努力战斗的感染”

科学家们还发现，基因SOCS - 3已关机，这促进了免疫系统，使动物感染艾滋病毒的清除。

研究结果已发表在医学杂志，细胞。

StephenW

Professor Michel的论文也提到 IL7 ,并有一个临床试验!!! A clinical trial combining antiviral treatment
with a classical preventive vaccine and multiple IL-7 injections is currently underway in HBenegative
chronic hepatitis B patients with no detectable HBV DNA during at least three
months of anti-viral treatment (www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT01027065).


Can combination therapy be improved further?
The use of strong Th1-inducing adjuvants or cytokines might increase the efficacy of
therapeutic vaccination. Several trials have evaluated the use of a therapeutic vaccine
combined with IL-2 to treat human immunodeficiency virus of HBV infection [44, 45]. The
withdrawal of antiviral treatment at the end of vaccination had almost no effect on the risk of
viremia relapse. However, one potential drawback of IL-2 treatment is that it induces Tregs,
which constitutively express IL-2Rα. Other cytokines, such as IL-7 and IL-15, are essential
for the homeostatic proliferation of T cells in vivo, the survival of effector cells and the
maintenance of memory T cells during viral infection. These cytokines may increase the pool
of naïve T cells available for vaccine-mediated stimulation and the survival of activated T
cells. Studies on animals have shown that IL-7 improves anti-tumor responses and survival
after a vaccine-induced immune response [46]. A clinical trial combining antiviral treatment
with a classical preventive vaccine and multiple IL-7 injections is currently underway in HBenegative
chronic hepatitis B patients with no detectable HBV DNA during at least three
months of anti-viral treatment (www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT01027065).

联合治疗可以进一步改善？
强有力的Th1型细胞因子诱导佐剂或使用可能增加疗效
治疗性疫苗。几个试验评估了治疗性疫苗的使用
与IL- 2联合治疗乙型肝炎病毒感染人体免疫缺陷病毒[44，45]。该
抗病毒治疗撤出在结束对接种疫苗的风险几乎没有影响
病毒血症复发。然而，一对IL -2治疗潜在的缺点是，它诱导调节性T细胞，
其中组成表达IL-2Rα的。其他细胞因子如IL-7和IL- 15，是必要的
对于T细胞稳态增殖的体内，效应细胞的生存和
记忆性T细胞病毒感染的维修养护。这些细胞因子可能增加池
天真的T细胞疫苗可用于介导的刺激和活化T生存
细胞。动物研究表明，白细胞介素- 7提高抗肿瘤反应和生存
后一种疫苗引起的免疫反应[46]。一个临床试验相结合的抗病毒治疗
有古典的预防疫苗和多发性白细胞介素- 7针，目前正在进行中HBenegative
慢性乙型肝炎患者乙肝病毒DNA的检测，没有在至少三
个月的抗病毒治疗（www.ClinicalTrials.gov，标识符：NCT01027065）。

nick27

但愿能为我们在新的一年里带来了新的希望--不久将来会有治愈的药