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发表于 2006-6-6 11:11
作者：冷笑的咖啡 提交日期：2006-6-4 11:41:00 天涯杂谈
??昨天看到的纽约时报国际部分的第一条新闻竟然是前一阵子沸沸扬扬的“铜须门”事件，看到了觉得很好玩，就随便翻译了一下发出来。翻译水平很差大家莫见怪哈。
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中国网民推动了严厉的道德
一切开始于一封5000字的激动的信件，它被发布在那个国家最流行的网络论坛上，内容是一个丈夫谴责一名大学生——他怀疑后者与他妻子发生了关系。一瞬间，数以百计的人加入了这场攻击中。
“让我们以手中的键盘和鼠标为武器，”有人写道，“来砍下这些奸夫淫妇的脑袋，还受害的丈夫以公道。”
数日之内，数百人发展到数千人，接着是上万人。这由原本完全陌生的人构成的群体搜索那个学生，将他从大学里揭露出来，并且使那个学生的家庭只好成天将自己关在家里。
这只是一个正在发展的现象的最近例子，中国人管他叫网络追杀（Internet hunting，不懂怎么译，网络猎捕？），在这种现象中网络群众施加道德制裁，匿名的网络用户聚集起来调查他人并以真实或虚拟的攻击实施惩罚。
在近期的例子中，人们详审被怀疑欺骗他们妻子的丈夫们、网上拍卖站点的欺诈行为、名人的秘密生活和未解决的犯罪。其中一件引起众人关注的就是清华大学学生的被毒害事件，那件事是1994年发生的但被好奇的陌生人回溯出来。在帖子传播开来后，唯一的嫌疑人被审问并释放。
甚至最近一项关于一个中国顶尖计算机科学家由于抄袭了一个美国处理器的设计而导致其被解职的丑闻，也是部分由于网络追杀——许多网络上的评论者对于那个项目的怀疑渐渐多起来，网络的压力使那个科学家的赞助者开始调查该事。
虽然网络战争可能突然发生在任何地方，但这些事件让人回想起从前曾最终导致暴力的群体行为，从而在中国引发了某些人的警觉。许多人回想起了40年前与此类似的文化大革命。当时大批的学生辱骂和殴打他们的教授，大批的揭发与公开审判成为日常事件达一年之久。
近年来，政府逐渐加强了对于网络的控制，审查Google和Technorati这样的网络搜索服务商、雇佣上千人的网络警察，并且要求去网吧消费的人提供身份证。
围绕政府的网络用户实名制展开了许多讨论，并且许多人担心网络威胁和治安维持的浪潮会成为对用户施加新的限制的借口。
那个妻子外遇的丈夫的事件于四月中旬第一次进入公众视野，这个男人的网名叫做锋刃透骨寒，他发现了妻子幽月儿与一个叫铜须的大学生的网络聊天记录。在最初的谈话后，他原谅了妻子，但后来又通过妻子电脑上的消息确定了他们两人依然保持联系。接着他就发帖谴责铜须，并且揭露了他的真实姓名。
4月20日，事件发生了爆炸性效果，当时一个论坛上有个网名春杜鹃的人发帖号召惩罚铜须。
“我们呼吁所有公司、组织、政府机关、学校、医院、商场和公共街道抵制他，”帖子里说，“不接受他，不承认他，不认同他，直到他做出令人满意的悔改之举。”
激动的人们合作起来揭露了那个学生的地址和电话号码，并都发布到网上。热心于谴责他的人们马上也揭露了他所在的大学和他父母的住址，迫使他离开学校把自己和家人关在家里。
还有些人则为他没有被开除而谴责那所大学，其中一个说这个学校应该“被伊朗的导弹炸掉”（见鬼，哪冒出来的伊朗，最近纽约时报的国际和头条新闻除伊拉克就是伊朗了）。还有许多人说这个学生应当被暴打或砍头，或者他和那个有夫之妇应该被“浸猪笼”。
“从一开始，就每天有人打电话或进到我们家里，令我们都很不安，”那个学生的父亲说——他接受了采访，但为了避免被长期折磨所以不愿意透露名字，“这是一件可怕的事情，网络公司应该停止这些攻击，但我们并没有与他们对话。我们不知道该和谁对话。”
铜须发布了一个六分钟的网络视频否认了与幽月儿有染以图平息此事，他们被传言说在一个网络游戏魔兽世界爱好者的聚会中认识。同时，锋刃透骨寒两次呼吁网友们停止攻击，甚至加入否认此事的行列——但都无竟于事。
铜须事件发展到了顶点，导致了中国论坛流量的大幅增加。包括用户最多的论坛——天涯，流量每日增加近百分之十。
在许多国家里，电子公告版令人想起互联网发展的早期，那时网络浏览器尚未普及，文本信息以静态方式被发布在单调的黑白屏幕上。但在现在的中国，论坛，或称作BBS，已经发展得五颜六色，并且保持着居于这个国家网络文化的核心地位。
“我们的网站是一个平台而非法庭，”天涯论坛的网络管理员Zeng Liu说，这个论坛据报道每天有400万浏览量并且声称是世界上最大的BBS，“我们无法以一些道德准则裁决谁是好人谁是坏人，但我们有自己的底线。如果是某人对另一个人的人身攻击，我们把帖子删除。但这件事情很难办，特别是我们拥有上百万的用户。”
虽然对网上威胁保持关注，但言论自由的支持者们认为中国官方没理由对网络施加进一步的限制。
“网络应该是自由的，并且我一向反对登记用户实名。因为或许这里是我们能自由讨论的唯一渠道，”上海同济大学的社会学家与文化批评家朱大可说。“另一方面，网络也正在被扭曲，导致了对于我们来说进退两难的局面。”
北京中国青年政治学院的教授展江说：“由于这里的言论自由没有被很好地保护，我们只能两害相权，取其轻者。在这种例子中少数人伤害他人的事件应该事先被预防，但不应该由于他们的行为而限制大多数人的言论自由。”
但正如铜须事件证明的，无拘无束的讨论也存在明显的缺点。“我们网友的所作所为是在履行我们的社会责任，”一个曾发表长帖攻击那个大学生和其所谓私事的人说，“我们不能让我们的社会跌落到如此低的状态。”
当被问及如果他的私人生活被放到网上遭到他人主观臆断时怎么办，他回答说：“我坚定地相信一句老话，不做亏心事不怕鬼敲门。”
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原文如下：
Online Throngs Impose a Stern Morality in China
SHANGHAI, June 2 — It began with an impassioned, 5,000-word letter on one of the country's most popular Internet bulletin boards from a husband denouncing a college student he suspected of having an affair with his wife. Immediately, hundreds joined in the attack.
"Let's use our keyboard and mouse in our hands as weapons," one person wrote, "to chop off the heads of these adulterers, to pay for the sacrifice of the husband."
Within days, the hundreds had grown to thousands, and then tens of thousands, with total strangers forming teams that hunted down the student, hounded him out of his university and caused his family to barricade themselves inside their home.
It was just the latest example of a growing phenomenon the Chinese call Internet hunting, in which morality lessons are administered by online throngs and where anonymous Web users come together to investigate others and mete out punishment for offenses real and imagined.
In recent instances, people have scrutinized husbands suspected of cheating on their wives, fraud on Internet auction sites, the secret lives of celebrities and unsolved crimes. One case that drew a huge following involved the poisoning of a Tsinghua University student, an event that dates to 1994 but was revived by curious strangers after word spread that the only suspect in the case had been questioned and released.
Even a recent scandal involving a top Chinese computer scientist dismissed for copying the design of an American processor came to light in part because of Internet hunting, with scores of online commentators raising questions about the project and putting pressure on the scientist's sponsors to look into the allegations.
While Internet wars can crop up anywhere, these cases have set off alarms in China, where this sort of crowd behavior has led to violence in the past. Many draw disturbing parallels to the Cultural Revolution, whose 40th anniversary is this year, when mobs of students taunted and beat their professors. Mass denunciations and show trials became the order of the day for a decade.
In recent years, the government has gradually tightened controls on the Internet, censoring popular search engines, like Google and Technorati; employing thousands of Web police officers; and requiring that customers at Internet cafes provide identification.
There has been recurrent talk by the government of registering all Internet users, and many worry that a wave of online threats and vigilantism could serve as a pretext to impose new limits on users.
The affair of the cuckolded husband first came to public attention in mid-April, after the man, who goes by the Web name Freezing Blade, discovered online correspondence between his wife, Quiet Moon, and a college student, Bronze Mustache. After an initial conversation, in which he forgave his wife, the man discovered messages on his wife's computer that confirmed to him that the liaison was continuing. He then posted the letter denouncing Bronze Mustache, and identifying him by his real name.
The case exploded on April 20, when a bulletin board manifesto against Bronze Mustache was published by someone using the name Spring Azalea.
"We call on every company, every establishment, every office, school, hospital, shopping mall and public street to reject him," it said. "Don't accept him, don't admit him, don't identify with him until he makes a satisfying and convincing repentance."
Impassioned people teamed up to uncover the student's address and telephone number, both of which were then posted online. Soon, people eager to denounce him showed up at his university and at his parents' house, forcing him to drop out of school and barricade himself with his family in their home.
Others denounced the university for not expelling him, with one poster saying it should be "bombed by Iranian missiles." Many others said the student should be beaten or beheaded, or that he and the married woman should be put in a "pig cage" and drowned.
"Right from the beginning, every day there have been people calling and coming to our house, and we have all been very upset," said the student's father, who was interviewed by telephone but insisted that he not be identified by name, to avoid further harassment. "This is an awful thing, and the Internet companies should stop these attacks, but we haven't spoken with them. I wouldn't know whom to speak to."
In hopes of quieting the criticism, Bronze Mustache issued a six-minute online video denying any affair with Quiet Moon, whom he is said to have met at a gathering of enthusiasts of the online game World of Warcraft. At the same time, Freezing Blade has twice asked people to call off the attacks, even joining in the denials of an affair — all to no avail.
At its height, the Bronze Mustache case accounted for huge traffic increases on China's Internet bulletin boards, including a nearly 10 percent increase in daily traffic on Tianya, the bulletin board with the most users.
In many countries, electronic bulletin boards hark back to the earliest days of the Internet, before Web browsers were common, and when text messages were posted in static fashion in stark black and white. In today's China, however, bulletin boards, or BBS's, have been colorfully updated and remain at the heart of the country's Internet culture.
"Our Web site is a platform, not a court," said Zeng Liu, a Webmaster for Tianya, which reports 40 million page visits daily and claims to be the world's largest BBS. "We cannot judge who is a good or bad person by some moral standard, but we have our own bottom line. If it's a personal attack on someone, we delete it, but it is very difficult, given that we have 10 million users."
Although concerned about online threats, advocates of free speech say that is no reason for the Chinese authorities to place further limits on the Internet.
"The Internet should be free, and I have always opposed the idea of registering users, because this is perhaps the only channel we have for free discussion," said Zhu Dake, a sociologist and cultural critic at Tongji University, in Shanghai. "On the other hand, the Internet is being distorted. This creates a very difficult dilemma for us."
Zhan Jiang, a professor of journalism at China Youth University of Political Science, in Beijing, said: "As freedom of expression is not well protected here, we have to choose the lighter of two evils. The minority who are hurting other people in such cases should be prevented, but this behavior should not disturb the majority's freedom of expression."
But there are obvious drawbacks to unfettered discussion, as the Bronze Mustache case illustrates. "What we Internet users are doing is fulfilling our social obligations," said one man who posted a lengthy attack on the college student and his alleged affair. "We cannot let our society fall into such a low state."
Asked how he would react if people began publishing online allegations about his private life, he answered, "I believe strongly in the traditional saying that if you've done nothing wrong, you don't fear the knock on your door at midnight."
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-6-5 22:17:39编辑过]
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楼主: 彩虹女孩
