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Y90-radioembolisation in hepatocellular carcinoma induces immune responses calling for early treatment with multiple checkpoint blockers
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2409-6225Licia Rivoltini1, Sherrie Bhoori2, Chiara Camisaschi1,3, Laura Bergamaschi1, Luca Lalli1, Paola Frati1, Davide Citterio2, Chiara Castelli1, Vincenzo Mazzaferro2,4
Correspondence to Dr Licia Rivoltini, Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano 20133, Italy; [email protected]; Dr Vincenzo Mazzaferro, HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy; [email protected]; Dr Chiara Camisaschi, Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy; [email protected]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326869
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We read with interest the recent work of Chew et al1 and we would like to share some original data that might implement the concept of immune activation as a consequence of Yttrium90 transarterial radioembolisation (Y90TARE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study,1 Y90TARE was shown to mediate a significant increase in activated T and NK cells at the site of the tumour and in the peripheral blood of patients with HCC. The increase in these cell populations, particularly T cells expressing specific homing receptors (CCR5 and CXCR6), is associated with local tumour control.
In our study, we monitored immune phenotypes in the blood (figure 1A) of intermediate-advanced HCC patients (n=49) with preserved hepatic function, undergoing Y90TARE treatment during a 2-year period in our centre (table 1).
We observed that tumour irradiation causes an altered adaptive and innate immune response, including an increased frequency of activated CD3+ T cells and CD8+ subsets, regulatory T cells (Treg) and inflammatory (PD-L1+ and HLA-DR+) monocyte populations (online supplemental figure). The immunomodulatory effect peaked 1 month after treatment and decreased significantly at 3 and 6 months, indicating the short-term nature of Y90TARE-induced immunomodulation (figure 1B). |
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