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PLoS One. 2018 Dec 31;13(12):e0205886. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205886. eCollection 2018.
The immunological function of extracellular vesicles in hepatitis B virus-infected hepatocytes.
Kakizaki M1,2, Yamamoto Y1, Yabuta S1,3, Kurosaki N3, Kagawa T2, Kotani A1,3.
Author information
1
Division of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.
2
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
3
Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) generates large amounts of complete and incomplete viral particles. Except for the virion, which acts as infectious particles, the function of those particles remains elusive. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been revealed to have biological functions. The EVs which size are less than 100 nm in diameter, were collected from HBV infected-patients. These vesicles contain, complete and incomplete virions, and exosomes, which have been recently shown to be critical as intercellular communicators. Here, the effects of the exosome, the complete, and the incomplete particles on the target cells were investigated. These particles are endocytosed by monocyte/macrophages and function primarily to upregulate PD-L1. The functions and composition of the EVs were affected by nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), suggesting that the EVs are involved in the pathogenesis of HBV hepatitis and clinical course of those patients treated by NRTIs.
PMID:
30596665
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0205886 |
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