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J Hepatol. 2016 May 19. pii: S0168-8278(16)30200-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.05.014. [Epub ahead of print]
Decay of ccc-DNA is slow and marks persistence of intrahepatic viral DNA synthesis under tenofovir in HIV-HBV co-infected patients.Boyd A1, Lacombe K2, Lavocat F3, Maylin S4, Miailhes P5, Lascoux-Combe C6, Delaugerre C7, Girard PM2, Zoulim F8.
Author information
- 1INSERM, UMR_S1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F75012, Paris, France;
- 2Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F75012, Paris, France; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France.
- 3Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM, Unité 1052, CNRS, UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- 4Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.
- 5Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- 6Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France;
- 7Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France; INSERM U941, Paris, France.
- 8Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM, Unité 1052, CNRS, UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Hepatology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. Electronic address: [email protected].
AbstractBACKGROUND AND AIMS: In the presence of highly-potent antivirals, persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is most well-characterized by covalently-closed circular DNA (ccc-DNA) and total intrahepatic DNA (IH-DNA). We sought to determine how antiviral therapy could affect their levels during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HBV co-infection.
METHODS: Sixty co-infected patients from a well-defined cohort with ⩾1 liver biopsy were studied. HBV ccc-DNA and total IH-DNA were extracted from biopsies and quantified by real-time PCR. Factors associated with intrahepatic viral load were determined using mixed-effect linear regression and half-life viral kinetics during reconstructed follow-up using non-linear exponential decay models.
RESULTS: At biopsy, 35 (58.3%) patients were hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg)-positive and 33 (55.0%) had detectable plasma HBV-DNA (median=4.58 log10IU/mL, IQR=2.95-7.43). Overall, median ccc-DNA was -0.95 log10copies/cell (IQR=-1.70,-0.17) and total IH-DNA was 0.27 log10copies/cell (IQR=-0.39,2.00). In multivariable analysis, significantly lower levels of ccc-DNA and total IH-DNA were observed in patients with HBeAg-negative serology, nadir CD4+ cell counts >250/mm3, and longer cumulative TDF-duration, but not lamivudine- or adefovir-duration. In post-hoc analysis using reconstructed TDF-duration (median 29.6 months, IQR=15.0-36.1, n=31), average half-life of ccc-DNA was estimated at 9.2 months (HBeAg-positive=8.6, HBeAg-negative=26.2) and total-IH DNA at 5.8 months (HBeAg-positive=1.3, HBeAg-negative=13.6). Intrahepatic viral loads remained detectable for all patients, even with prolonged TDF-exposure.
CONCLUSIONS: In co-infection, TDF-use is associated with lower levels of HBV replication intermediates and ccc-DNA. Slow decay of intrahepatic viral loads underscores that TDF is unable to completely block intracellular viral DNA synthesis, which possibly accounts for continuous replenishment of the ccc-DNA pool.
LAY SUMMARY: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a persistent infection, while the only real way of knowing the extent of this persistence is through measuring levels of virus in the liver. In this study, we examine levels of HBV in the liver among patients with both HBV and human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, infection. It would appear that the currently available medication, namely "tenofovir", works well to decrease virus levels in the liver, but it remains at low levels despite long periods of treatment.
Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.
KEYWORDS: Exponential decay; Hepatitis B virus; Intrahepatic HBV DNA; Nucleoside/nucleotide analogue; ccc-DNA
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