乙型肝炎免疫治疗进展

StephenW

乙型肝炎免疫治疗进展
王东耀 1 2 3 4 5 , 付斌清 1 3 , 魏海明 1 2 3
隶属关系

    PMID：36297173 DOI：10.3390/病原体11101116

抽象的

乙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis B virus，HBV）是一种嗜肝病毒，可引起慢性感染，是世界范围内引起肝病的常见原因之一。慢性HBV感染导致肝硬化，最终导致肝细胞癌（HCC）。在过去的几十年里，已经研究了慢性乙型肝炎 (CHB) 患者中共价闭合环状 DNA (cccDNA) 的持续存在和免疫反应受损。尽管 HBV 的病因学取得了进展，并且开发了有效的病毒抑制方案，但尚未发现 HBV 的治愈方法。免疫的先天和适应性分支都有助于消灭病毒。然而，在慢性乙型肝炎感染期间已经证明了免疫衰竭和逃避，尽管我们对该机制的理解仍在不断发展。最近，丙型肝炎抗病毒药物的成功使用极大地促进了乙型肝炎治愈方法的研究，这可能需要一种专注于改善抗病毒免疫反应的方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了我们目前对 HBV 感染的免疫致病机制和免疫生物学的了解。此外，我们谈到了为什么现有的治疗方法可能无法实现功能性治愈的目标。我们还提出了新药的组合，尤其是新的免疫疗法如何有助于清除 HBV。

关键词：乙肝；免疫疗法；免疫逃避。
出版物类型

StephenW

Advances in Immunotherapy for Hepatitis B
Dongyao Wang  1   2   3   4   5 , Binqing Fu  1   3 , Haiming Wei  1   2   3
Affiliations

    PMID: 36297173 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101116

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus with the potential to cause chronic infection, and it is one of the common causes of liver disease worldwide. Chronic HBV infection leads to liver cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the impaired immune response in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has been studied over the past few decades. Despite advances in the etiology of HBV and the development of potent virus-suppressing regimens, a cure for HBV has not been found. Both the innate and adaptive branches of immunity contribute to viral eradication. However, immune exhaustion and evasion have been demonstrated during CHB infection, although our understanding of the mechanism is still evolving. Recently, the successful use of an antiviral drug for hepatitis C has greatly encouraged the search for a cure for hepatitis B, which likely requires an approach focused on improving the antiviral immune response. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of the immunopathogenic mechanisms and immunobiology of HBV infection. In addition, we touch upon why the existing therapeutic approaches may not achieve the goal of a functional cure. We also propose how combinations of new drugs, and especially novel immunotherapies, contribute to HBV clearance.

Keywords: HBV; Immunotherapy; immune evasion.
Publication types

StephenW

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/10/1116/pdf?version=1664368153