怎样照顾肝炎引起的不适症状？ -->可可转移

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HOW DO I TAKE CARE OF MY SYMPTOMS? 怎样照顾肝炎引起的不适症状？ When a person is infected with the hepatitis B or C virus, his or her body can respond in several different ways. Some people, particularly if they are infected with hepatitis C, have no symptoms at all. That means that even if you are infected with the virus, you may not feel any different than you did before. You may not even be aware that you have the virus. 当一个人感染上乙肝或丙肝后, 他/她的身体会对感染起不同的反应. 特别是染上丙肝的患者可能根本没有任何不适, 感染前后的感觉无区别. 这也就是造成你可能根本不晓得你染有病毒的原因. On the other hand, some people do experience symptoms. Soon after getting hepatitis, you may experience a flu-like illness that includes fatigue (tiredness), fever, muscle and joint aches, and nausea. Some people infected with hepatitis also notice that their urine has become a darker color, and their skin has a yellowish tint, which is a condition called jaundice. 另外一方面, 有的人则会有不同程度的不舒服感觉. 感染肝炎后不久你可能会感觉象得了流感一样, 疲劳, 发烧, 肌肉关节酸痛, 恶心. 有的人小便颜色发深, 皮肤发黄, 这种现象称之为黄疸. These symptoms usually go away by themselves without treatment, particularly if you have hepatitis B, and you may have no further problems. (Also, some symptoms of chronic hepatitis B and side effects of interferon treatment are similar.) But for some people, the symptoms of hepatitis may be longer lasting, become more severe, and interfere with daily life. In fact, sometimes dealing with hepatitis may seem like an overwhelming challenge. 这些症状通常不需要治疗就会消失, 特别是乙肝, 你有可能日后都不再会有任何不适. (有些乙肝症状和干扰素的副作用差不多) 可是有些人肝炎的症状会持续, 变得厉害以至影响到日常生活. 事实上和肝炎共存似乎成为对这些人生活中的巨大挑战. Fatigue (疲劳) The most common symptom of hepatitis infection is fatigue, or tiredness. You can take steps to lessen fatigue. Even though it may be the last thing you feel like doing, you should try to exercise. Exercise is very important, and there are no restrictions on what kind of activity you can do. It depends on your level of fitness before you became ill with hepatitis and on your present level of tolerance. For example, if you enjoyed jogging before, you can jog now, if you feel up to it. If you don't feel that you can continue running, find another way to exercise, even if it's a short, regular walk. And if you weren't exercising before, now is a good time to start. But start out slowly, as you should when beginning any fitness program under any circumstances. Check with your doctor before beginning any new exercise program. 最常见的不适症状是疲劳. 减低疲劳要分几步骤. 讲这个你可能不相信, 减轻疲劳你应该参加一些体育锻炼. 锻炼是很重要的. 在怎么锻炼上没有具体规定. 你可以根据没生病之前的体质和爱好, 目前体能和体力限度来定. 如, 以前你跑步, 你可以继续跑步. 如果你不愿意跑步, 你可以做其它运动. 如果你以前不运动, 此时正好是一个开始运动的机会. 不过要慢慢开始, 逐步增加, 而且和你的医生商讨任何你想开始做的新锻炼运动. Walking may be the best option. It is free and easy to do almost anywhere, and it gives your body a good workout. Build up speed and distance slowly; the most important thing right now is just to be doing it. Other good choices are swimming, using an exercise bike, and yoga. (See chart of exercise ideas below.) 其实, 走路可能是肝炎患者的最佳选择. 走路是可以不受场地等限制, 而又能达到锻炼目的运动. 走路的速度和距离要慢慢增加. 重要的是要开始走. 另外, 其它很好的健身运动还有游泳, 健身单车, 榆荚. Another way of coping with fatigue is to get on a regular schedule. Rest is very important. You need to make sure you get a full night's sleep every night. A 30 to 45 minute daytime nap can help give you an energy boost. 对付疲劳另外一个方法是定好作息时间. 休息是非常重要的. 每晚要睡好, 白天给自己30-45分钟小睡时间都可以帮助减轻疲劳. You should let your doctor know if you are having any difficulties sleeping. If you have a stressful job, you may need to make some changes to lessen your workload. The same holds true for a hectic home life. Other family members may need to take over some of the responsibilities. Sometimes the fatigue is severe, especially with hepatitis B. If you feel very tired, let your doctor know so you can discuss the best way to cope with this. 如果你睡眠不好, 一定要让医生知道. 如果你工作比较紧张, 你可能需要修改一下你的工作量. 家务事也一样. 家中成员各自要分担家务. 有时, 如乙肝造成的疲劳加重, 你感觉奇累无比, 你应该去看医生讲并和医生一同商讨怎样才能应付, 克服疲劳. Joint and muscle aches (关节和肌肉酸痛) You may experience joint and muscle aches and pains with hepatitis; the symptoms can seem like those of arthritis. But hepatitis does not cause arthritis and these symptoms typically go away when the virus has been cleared from your body. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help relieve the pain. However, any medication may affect your liver. Talk to your doctor about what types of pain relievers you can take, how much you can take, and for how long. 肝炎还会引起肌肉, 关节疼痛, 症状很象关节炎. 但是肝炎不会造成关节发炎. 一般症状会随着病毒减少而消失. 不用处方的止痛片能减轻疼痛, 但是这些药物对你的肝脏不好. 最好是咨询你的医生什么药可以用, 用多少, 用多久. SOME HEALTHFUL ACTIVITIES(肝炎病人可做的一些健康活动) Walking (easiest and cheapest) Swimming Riding an exercise bicycle Low-impact aerobics class or video Yoga or T’ai Chi (good for stretching and reducing stress) 一些可以减轻关节痛的运动 走路 游泳 运动单车 健身操 榆荚或太极拳 If you've been active, you can continue with your activities, if you feel up to it. 以前你怎么锻炼, 现在只要你想做都可以继续. Some symptoms of hepatitis(肝炎的一些不适症状) Fatigue is the most common symptom. Nearly all people with hepatitis complain of some degree of tiredness. Stress Depression Muscle, joint aches and pains Anxiety and irritability Headaches Sleep disturbances Other less common symptoms include pain or discomfort in the abdomen on the right side, itching, nausea, appetite/weight loss, mental fuzziness. 常见的肝炎症状 疲劳 紧张 忧郁 关节肌肉痛 焦虑反感 头痛 睡眠紊乱 腹部, 肝区不适, 头晕, 恶心, 搔痒, 体重, 食欲下降等 Joint pain can also be caused by a condition known as cryoglobulinemia. About 1/3 of people with hepatitis C have this problem, which is caused by antibodies attaching themselves to the hepatitis C virus. If you are having joint and muscle pain, let your doctor know. He or she may want to test you for cryoglobulinemia because it can also cause problems with blood vessels. 患有丙肝的人, 1/3都患有 cryoglobulinemia 疾病, 关节会痛. 这是因为病毒身上带有一种抗体. 此时最好让医生给你做一下 cryoglobulinemia 测验. cryoglobulinemia会造成血管疾病. Headaches (头痛) Some people with hepatitis also complain about headaches. These headaches may go away completely after a while, but then come back. Sometimes they are mild, but at other times they are severe. They are not like migraine headaches. You can treat the headaches with over-the-counter medication. (Again, check with your doctor about what to use.) Also, take time to relax and drink plenty of fluids. Staying rested and drinking lots of fluids may prevent headaches. 头痛也是许多肝炎患者抱怨的症状. 头痛症状可能会过一阵消失了, 但过一下就又回来了. 头痛有时是轻微的, 有时很严重. 一样, 你可以吃一点止痛剂, 但是要和医生考证吃的药物. 此外, 多喝水. 休息, 放松, 多喝水对头痛有很大帮助. Nausea and loss of appetite (恶心厌食) Sometimes people with hepatitis have nausea and loss of appetite. You should try to eat, even if you don't feel like it. Nutritious food is very important to your body at this time. It may help to eat many small meals rather than 3 large ones. But some patients find it is easier to eat a larger meal in the morning. Dry crackers, weak tea, ginger ale, and ice pops may be easier for you to eat than other foods. If the nausea lasts, or if you are vomiting, let your doctor know. He or she may be able to prescribe a medication to relieve the problem. 许许多多肝炎患者都抱怨恶心没有食欲. 可是你一定要吃饭, 就是不想吃也要吃. 患有肝炎时营养非常重要. 你可以少吃多餐. 有的人喜欢早上吃多. 也可以准备一些容易吃的饼干, 淡茶, 雪碧(类), 冰棒帮助你克服恶心厌食. 如果呕吐, 恶心加重则要去看医生. 医生通常可以用药帮助减轻此症状. Stress and depression (紧张和忧郁) Having an illness can be very stressful and sometimes downright depressing. Some of your coworkers and friends may believe false information, particularly about how the disease is spread, and this may change their attitudes toward you. You may also feel somewhat isolated because your friends and family don't understand how you feel. You might feel tired all the time, or that you don't have enough energy, or that no matter how much you sleep, you just don't feel like getting out of bed. By 9 AM, you feel as if you've put in an entire workday. But you can get help to cope with these feelings. 生病会造成紧张. 有时会延发成忧虑症. 特别是你的朋友, 同事在没有弄懂肝炎是怎么传染之前可能对你有不同程度的看法和偏见. 你可能会感觉孤独, 没有家人, 朋友为你设身处地着想. 你可能感觉生活很累, 没有力量, 无论你睡多久, 你都不愿意离开床铺. 才早上9点, 可是你已经好象渡过了忙碌的一天...此时你应该寻求专业人帮助, 这些感觉都是可以消除掉的. Other ways to relieve symptoms (其它减轻症状的途径) Perhaps the most important thing you can do to cope with symptoms is to have a positive attitude. Replacing negative thoughts with positive ones is easier said than done, but it will make a difference in how you cope with your illness. Increasing your activity level, making yourself smile more often, and even volunteering your time to help others are all ways to start feeling better about yourself. Having a better attitude may not lessen muscle aches, but it will go a long way in helping you live with the symptoms of hepatitis. 其实, 减轻所有症状, 最重要的是你要有一个对待疾病的正确态度. 任何负面的想法都是不利的. 当然持有一个正确对待疾病的态度并不容易. 可是只有你自己改变你自己才能改变肝炎和你共存的负面反应. 多笑一笑, 多参加点活动, 哪怕是参加帮助别人的义务工作都会使你感觉好得多. 持有真确态度, 做义工可能不会直接减轻你的肌肉酸痛, 但是它们在帮助你和肝炎共存上会留下不可磨灭的影响. Many people also have looked beyond traditional medical care to find relief for their symptoms. For the symptoms of stress and depression in particular, many hepatitis patients have used stress management and relaxation techniques, including the following: 许多人在治疗这些症状时会摆脱传统医疗方法. 特别是对于忧郁, 紧张症状: Meditation. There are many different meditation methods, but they all work to quiet the mind and make you feel more peaceful and relaxed. 打座清心 Yoga. This is a slow stretching exercise that tones the body and relaxes the mind. 做榆荚 T'ai Chi. One of the Asian martial arts that is different from judo or karate. The movements are slow and energizing, and, like yoga, it relaxes you as well. 练太极拳 Relaxation tapes. There are a wide variety to choose from. Some are musical; others have guided medication. Choose a tape that works for you. 听轻音乐 Journal writing. Recording your thoughts in a journal often helps, especially if you do not feel comfortable discussing certain issues with friends or family. In addition to writing about your thoughts and feelings, you can keep track of your progress and list your goals so that you can see that you're taking control. 投入写作 Some people also use alternative or natural remedies to treat their physical symptoms. Among the options you have are herbs and homeopathic medicines (which contain tiny amounts of substances that, in large amounts, cause symptoms like those of the disease they are aimed at treating), altering your diet, and taking vitamin and mineral supplements. Some people go to chiropractors (who believe that better bone alignment improves health) or naturopaths (who only use "natural" remedies, such as herbs, sunlight, and massage). Be sure you speak to your doctor before using any other therapies or beginning a stress management program; it will help your doctor to better plan your overall care. He or she may also have advice about what to try, whom to see, or where to get better information about the possible good or bad effects of such therapies. 还有人运用草药, 维生素, 正骨医生, 按摩等治疗这些症状. 不过在用任何这些方法前都应该和医生商讨, 医生可以帮你指出不适应的药物和方法. Coping with other infections (其它共染因素) Having hepatitis does not make you more likely to get other illnesses, even though you may feel like it does. It's sometimes hard to take good care of yourself in general, let alone when you have an illness like hepatitis. You may not be eating as well as you should because you feel sick to your stomach or don't have any appetite. You may feel tired and need to rest but are unable to change your schedule enough to do so. All of these things can make you feel run-down, which may make it more likely you'll get a cold or the flu. If you do get sick, your cold or flu won't be any worse because of your hepatitis. You should speak with your doctor, though, about which medicines would be best for you. 患有肝炎并不意味着你会容易得其它疾病, 就算你感觉上好象是这样. 其实主要还是你吃不好, 睡不好...这些症状让你感觉你很弱. 你好像要生病, 要感冒. 事实上如果你真的感冒了, 因为你有肝炎, 感冒并不会怎么严重. 还是那句话, 不舒服看医生排除任何器质性疾病. Sometimes people may have both hepatitis C and hepatitis B at the same time. Two different viruses cause them, and having one does not make you immune to any of the others. If you have hepatitis C and feel that you may be at risk for hepatitis B, you can be vaccinated against the B virus. (There is also a vaccine available for hepatitis A.) You can also have hepatitis B and hepatitis D (a lesser-known virus that is also called delta hepatitis) at the same time. In fact, a person must have hepatitis B in order to be infected with hepatitis D. 有的时候患者会共染丙肝, 乙肝. 得了乙肝并不免疫你可不患丙肝. 如果患有丙肝, 怕得乙肝, 你可以接种乙肝疫苗. (或甲肝) 你也可能会共染丁肝和乙肝. 但是丁肝只有和乙肝共染. Some people with hepatitis also have HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The reason for this is that the hepatitis viruses, particularly hepatitis B, are spread in some of the same ways as HIV --for example, sharing needles for drug use and having unprotected sex. We'll discuss HIV in more detail later in this article. 还有一些肝炎病人共染艾滋病. 原因是因为乙肝和艾滋病病毒传染途径类似. Other health conditions: (其它疾病) Hemophilia (血友病) If you have hemophilia (a disorder that stops your blood from clotting properly), and you get hepatitis, your treatment will be the same as that for hepatitis alone. The only difference is that your doctor will probably choose not to do a liver biopsy. Although most people have no complications from a liver biopsy, it can cause bleeding, so the hemophiliac patient must receive special treatment if a liver biopsy is done. You can receive interferon therapy, provided that your doctor thinks that it may help you. Having hemophilia does not make your hepatitis worse, or make the course of the illness more serious. (For more information, you can contact the National Hemophilia Foundation.) 血友病. 血友病会造成血不凝固, 但不会造成你的肝炎加重. 共染血友病的治疗方案没有区别. 只是血友病肝炎患者不适合做肝脏穿刺怕造成大出血. Pregnancy (妊辰) If you have hepatitis and are pregnant, tell your healthcare provider right away, as it may affect your treatment. If you are thinking of becoming pregnant, you should be aware that interferon may impair fertility and you should consult your healthcare provider. If you have hepatitis B or hepatitis C, you can still become pregnant. Pregnancy should not make your hepatitis worse. The main concerns are that you should be healthy enough to get through the pregnancy and the delivery, that you are able to get proper treatment when you need it, and that you may pass the virus on to your baby, particularly if you have hepatitis B. It is rare for hepatitis C to be passed from a mother to her newborn. (Your healthcare provider can tell you more about your baby's particular risk and how to protect him or her.) In general, the baby does not contract the virus in the womb; rather, it is believed that the infection happens during the birth process. Fortunately, there is a vaccine that can be given for hepatitis B right after birth. A vaccinated baby has very little risk of getting the virus or becoming a carrier. Therefore, the mother should try to receive interferon treatment before she gets pregnant or after she finishes nursing. It is vital that all of your healthcare provider's staff (including those where you plan to deliver) know you have this disease. This will protect your baby, the delivery staff, and you, because your disease may mean that you will need special care. 怀孕. 要和医生马上讲你怀孕. 怀孕不会造成你的肝炎加重, 但是会影响到用药和婴儿感染问题. 目前有疫苗可预防婴儿感染, 此外治疗肝炎药物对于孕妇也越来越毒素小, 先进了. Alcoholism (凶酒) Alcohol destroys liver cells. Studies have shown that people with hepatitis C who drink three drinks a day are more likely to get cirrhosis and possibly liver cancer than those who drink less. By far the safest course of action is not to drink alcohol at all. If you are a heavy drinker, you must stop. Doctors do not know whether 1 or 2 drinks a day increases the rate of liver disease. So stopping altogether is by far the safest route. If you have a problem with alcoholism or are a heavy drinker and are unable to stop, you should speak to your doctor about a treatment center. Or you can join a support group such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). There are local groups in every city. 凶酒. 喝酒会加重肝病造成肝硬化及其它疾病. 你应该马上停止喝酒. 如果你不能戒酒, 你可以和医生商量看是否能帮助你控制或进入戒酒中心. Drug abuse(吸毒) Using illegal drugs can harm your overall health. If you are using intravenous drugs, you can also infect yourself with another virus, such as HIV, and you can infect others with hepatitis. Drugs affect your mental state and your physical health. In addition, some studies have shown that using marijuana while being treated with interferon lessens the effectiveness of interferon. The best course of action is to avoid all illegal drug use. Speak with your doctor about the best way and place to get help. 吸毒. 静脉注射会增加你传染和被传染的几率. 毒品对肝脏不好. 研究还指出吸食大麻会减弱干扰素的作用. 同样你可以寻求到解毒协助的. HIV (艾滋病) People at high risk for getting HIV often contract hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C. Whether you can receive treatment with interferon while having both of these infections depends on your overall health. In the 1980s and early 1990s, many people with HIV did not survive very long. The virus acted quickly and was quite deadly. When interferon was first cleared for treatment of hepatitis C, it was not recommended for people with HIV for that reason. They were not considered good candidates since they were usually quite sick. But with better drugs and treatments, many people with HIV are living longer and healthier lives. Interferon may be given provided your doctor feels you will benefit from the treatment. 艾滋病. 患有艾滋病的人通常得乙肝/丙肝的几率很高. 你要看医生查询你的身体状况可不可以用药. 以前艾滋病病人生命很短, 不适合用干扰素. . 现在由于药物的进步, 许多药都可以治疗艾滋病和肝炎病毒. (现在共染艾滋病和肝病还可以进行肝脏移植) Kidney failure (肾脏衰竭) Renal dialysis is a treatment used for people whose kidneys have failed, or stopped working. Treating such patients with interferon has sometimes led to severe side effects, and treatment often doesn't work. Because people on renal dialysis can be quite sick, a doctor must consider each case individually to decide whether interferon will help. (If you have hepatitis C and/or hepatitis B and are on renal dialysis, you can get more information from the National Kidney Foundation.) Whether you have any other serious health problems, such as renal failure or HIV, taking care of your symptoms is one of the best ways to make yourself more comfortable. Another important way to achieve better health overall is to be careful about what you eat, particularly if you have trouble keeping food down. 肾脏衰竭. 患有肾脏衰竭或需要肾脏透析的肝炎病人需要特别注意用药. 不正确的用药会造成肾脏坏死. What Can I do?(我能做什么?) Keeping track of your symptoms in a diary. Make a list of the approaches that seem to help and how long relief lasts so you can refer to this when symptoms return. 写病症日记. 记录什么时间, 怎么样症状减轻了. 这样当症状反弹时可以参考应用. If you have another infection, such as another type of hepatitis or HIV, ask your doctor how it will affect your treatment for hepatitis B or C and how the other infection can be treated. 如果你患有其它共染疾病, 如, 艾滋病或其它肝炎, 你应该让你的医生知道并和医生商讨整体治疗, 用药方案和得失. If you have another medical condition, such as hemophilia, drug addition, or kidney failure, seek out information about these conditions so that you get the best overall treatment. 如果你患有其它的疾病或病状, 如, 血友病, 吸毒, 肾竭等, 你应该尽量查询有关方面的信息从而帮助你治疗. ****** ---译自［肝炎邻居］ ~~~~~~ 谢谢阅读, 欢迎讨论.