Discrimination and Privacy(歧视和隐私)
All States and Territories have relevant equal opportunity and disability discrimination Acts to stop discrimination against persons on the grounds of a past, present, imputed or future impairment. The discrimination can be direct or indirect. 所有洲和地区均有平等和反歧视法防止基于对任何人过去,现在和未来情况的歧视.歧视的存在可能是直接或间接的.
Direct discrimination involves treatment that favours one person over another person in the same or similar circumstances. An example would be terminating the employment of someone because they have HIV or requiring patients who have HIV to wear identifying wristbands.直接歧视包含在同等或相似的情况下对一个人给予比另一个人更好的待遇. 例如因为HIV而辞退某个员工, 或要求HIV病人配带不同的手带.
Indirect discrimination can occur if there are rules or requirements that apply to everyone, but which have the effect of disadvantaging one group and are not reasonable in the circumstances. 间接歧视发生在如果一些规定或要求针对每个人, 但不合理地影响到一个群体的利益.
Employer responsibilities雇主的职责
With regard to Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV/AIDS in the workplace:对于B,C肝病病毒和HIV在工作环境
· Workers with Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV/AIDS should be treated in the same manner as any worker with a non-work related illness (e.g. cancer, heart disease).对携带B,C型肝病病毒和HIV的雇员必须给予和其他患有同工作无关的疾病的人同样的待遇(例如癌症,心脏病)
· All employment decisions should be based exclusively on criteria relating to merit and fitness for work and have no reference to HBV, HCV or HIV infection. 所有与工作有关的决定必须只建立在个人品质和工作适应能力上, 不允许参考B,C型肝病病毒和HIV的情况
· Pre-employment medical screening of employees for HBV, HCV or HIV should not be carried out. 参加工作前的体检禁止检查B,C型肝病病毒和HIV
· Information pertaining to an individual's HBV, HCV or HIV status must be kept confidential.任何人的B,C型肝病病毒和HIV情况必须给予保密
· Unless the work poses a danger to the worker, other workers or the public, the employer need not be informed that an employee is infected. It is against privacy legislation for an employer to inform anyone should they become aware that an employee is infected. However, occupational exposures resulting in infection may, by law, require notification to the relevant occupational health and safety authority. 除工作性质危害到其他雇员或社会, 雇主无权过问雇员的被传染情况. 雇主泄露雇员的被传染情况违反隐私法. 但由于在工作中被传染依法必须通知相关的职业健康和安全部门.
· Notwithstanding this, health care workers and emergency service providers who become infected with HBV, HCV or HIV have responsibilities as professionals in relation to possible risks to others and may require specific advice on their obligations in the workplace. This advice should be obtained from the worker’s medical practitioner or the relevant State or Territory health department. 尽管如此, 健康保健工作人员和紧急救护人员如被传染B,C型肝病病毒和HIV有职责寻求相应的在工作中对他人造成危害的建议. 此类建议应从专业医生或各洲的健康部门获取.
· All normal sick leave and other leave entitlements should be no different for Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV/AIDS illnesses than for other illnesses. If occupationally acquired, an employee is entitled to workers compensation benefits. B,C型肝病病毒和HIV携带者享有和其他人一样的所有带薪病假和其他假期, 以及意外工作补偿.
· Where practicable, an employee with Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV/AIDS should not be required to work where there is risk of transmission of other diseases that may increase or aggravate that employee's ill-health.B,C型肝病病毒和HIV携带者不应从事任何有可能被传染上其他疾病的工作, 从而可能有害于他们的健康.
Other equal opportunity其他平等机会
Other equal opportunity laws make it illegal to discriminate on the grounds of an employee’s sexual preferences and race. With regard to Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV/AIDS, this makes it illegal to discriminate in the following circumstances: 其他平等机会法律规定因雇员的性别和种族而给予歧视是违法的. 对于B,C型肝病病毒和HIV携带者, 以下行为是违法的:
· A person's sexual preference: For example, discrimination against someone because of their homosexuality, or assumed homosexuality, and therefore the assumption that they may have HIV infection or AIDS. 性别. 例如, 由于某个人是同性恋, 或被认为是同性恋, 从而认为此人携带HIV.
· A person's race: For example, if it is assumed that people from certain countries are likely to have HIV infection or AIDS. 种族. 例如, 认为来自某些国家的人携带HIV.
Worker responsibilities 雇员的职责
Unless the work poses a danger to other workers or the public, workers are not obliged to inform their employer or other workers should they become aware that they, or another employee, are infected with HBV, HCV or HIV. 只要工作不对他人和社会造成危害, 雇员没有职责向雇主或其他雇员公开自己携带B,C型肝病病毒和HIV
There should be no denial of services to existing or potential clients on the grounds that those clients have, or are thought to have, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV. Standard precautions should be applied where the potential for exposure exists.不应该由于某些客户携带B,C型肝病病毒和HIV而拒绝向他们提供服务. 在有可能接触病毒的情况下应做适当的防范.
Confidentiality and the requirement to obtain consent to waive that confidentiality must be respected. 保守隐私和必须经患者同意才能泄露隐私.
Workers with Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV携带B,C型肝病病毒和HIV的雇员
General issues
It is essential that the confidentiality of staff be protected in all matters related to their Hepatitis and HIV status.所有有关携带B,C型肝病病毒和HIV的雇员隐私必须给予保护.
In non-health-care settings, workers who are Hepatitis B, C or HIV positive and are healthy are able to undertake all their normal duties. However, they should consult a suitably qualified medical practitioner to assess their risk of transmission of disease during the performance of normal duties. 在非健康保健职业中, 携带B,C型肝病病毒和HIV的雇员是健康的, 能够从事所有正常的工作. 但, 他们应得到专业医生的建议针对在工作中传播疾病的危险.
HBV, HCV or HIV positive workers should adhere to some general precautions to prevent transmission of the disease, most of which apply to all workers regardless of HBV, HCV or HIV status. These precautions include:
B,C型肝病病毒和HIV携带者应遵守如下注意事项, 从而防止疾病的传播. 其中大部分适用于正常非携带者:
· covering any cuts or abrasions with a waterproof dressing or wearing gloves as required用防水涂料覆盖任何小伤口或磨损, 必要是带手套
· washing hands thoroughly after contact with blood and body fluids/substance 在接触血液和体液后认真洗手
· not sharing personal items such as razors and toothbrushes不要和其他人共用刮胡刀和牙刷等个人物品
· not donating blood不准献血
having regular follow-up medical assessments (particularly for HIV/AIDS). 定期检查
摘于http://www.nohsc.gov.au/OHSLegalObligations/NationalStandards/AIDsHepB/default.htm
27/11/2005 原文太长, 这只是一小段关键的部分.
[此贴子已经被作者于2005-11-30 7:02:10编辑过]
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发表于 2005-11-28 05:11
