求助。。。。。

彩虹玫瑰

these days i spend many hours in learn english in order to make it not so poor...

but i met with some difficulties,,,,hope someone or everyone of you give me a hand...

the questions are the ones below...

1> This illness is in almost all cases fatal

how to comprehend the sentence and "in almost all...." i cannot find it in my dictionary.

2>Surgical techniques are constantly being refined...

Maybe my study of grammar and tense need to be fasten,i just feel the sentence should be "Surgical techinques are constantly refined",and the word"being"should be removed.

3> is there any difference between "make my apology"and "make my apologies"?

4>The World Band is taking steps to orient its lending to reducing poverty.

why the "reduce"was added with "ing"?

and can you explain the sentence to me, orient means:以……为方向/目的；lending:贷款

also the sentence is short i still feel it's difficult to catch its meaning.

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Hope you pay close attention to my post, i still have so many problems....xixi

Hope the situation will be changed and i can be as excellent as you on english learning.

[em09][em09]

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-9-11 16:08:53编辑过]

dolphin91

1.This illness is in almost all cases fatal

因不知道上下文，这句话我的第一反应是：这种疾病所呈现（造成）的基本上全是致命的病例。故应是be in (表示状态，情况）的结构。如He is still in two mind. 而非“in almost all”结构。

2>Surgical techniques are constantly being refined...

这里being可不能省，它表示的是一种医学“逻辑”结构，也就是说－－现在外科是“正在”越来越精确了。也可说外科手术“正”越做越小。这个“正在”的进行的动作完全靠being表达呢。这种“日新月异”的改变状态就只有靠being才有

3The World Band is taking steps to orient its lending to reducing poverty.

这应该是一个orient A to(toward) B 的结构，to为介词。A＝its leading ，而leading有和前面的taking保持时态，动作一致吧。

以上为拙见，不足之处望大家纠正。俺学E也有二十多年了，也是一知半解的。还不能像mm这样自如表达呢。我们一起学习提高吧。

liverbj

2, 被动语态的现在进行时

3，The World Band should be The World Bank?

to is a preposition, need a noun/gerund

世界银行正在把他们的贷款向扶贫的方向转变

九层塔

1> This illness is in almost all cases fatal

How to comprehend the sentence and "in almost all...." I cannot find it in my dictionary.

如果把”in almost all”去掉, 仍然成立”This illness is fatal”; in almost all cases 是介词状语从句修饰fatal的.

2>Surgical techniques are constantly being refined...

Maybe my study of grammar and tense need to be fasten,i just feel the sentence should be "Surgical techinques are constantly refined",and the word"being"should be removed.

Being 被动语态进行式的表达.

3> is there any difference between "make my apology"and "make my apologies"?

一个是复数, 一个是单数, 比如 “an apology”, 意思都一样要看前后人格或单复数.

4>The World Band is taking steps to orient its lending to reducing poverty.

why the "reduce"was added with "ing"?

and can you explain the sentence to me, orient means:以……为方向/目的；lending:贷款

Lending,和reducing 都是动词+ING 做宾语. Reducing poverty是

Orient (= orientate) 的一种简写. 是定位朝东、定向、定位、使熟悉新状况或环境等含义.

太湖之梦

纵上所述,并结合我的观点:

1> This illness is in almost all cases fatal

在大多数病历中,这种疾病是致命的.

2>Surgical techniques are constantly being refined...

医学技术正在日新月异的发展, 这是一个现在进行时的被动语态.

3> is there any difference between "make my apology"and "make my apologies"?

i think there is no difference, and i never notice this detail.

4> The World Bank is taking steps to orient its lending to reducing poverty.

世界银行正在采取措施, 调整它的贷款以减少贫困.

(这句话与liverbj的解释差别比较大)

to : 是一个介词.

beat_it

1. 在绝大多数情况下。至于这个怎么理解，就要看上下文了。

4.orient... to...把...引导到...方向上。所以to是介词，把借款引导到消除贫困的方向上。

其余同上各位战友。

whoknows

Above are good explanations.

I made a supplement on the last point:

世界银行正采取措施致力于消除贫困