科普资料汇编

金戈铁马

转贴标题（建议）：

第一部乙肝小说《中国第一病》出版

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来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

乙肝病友有了自己的书


中国青年报
　　本报讯 （记者龚瑜）杜伟亮，乙肝患者，妻女皆离他而去，后被诊断为肝癌晚期，生命只剩下3个月。

　　欧阳子岩，出身乙肝“世家”，大学三年级时检查出大三阳。一个健康的病毒携带者，被迫背起擦鞋箱流落街头。


　　舟舟，年纪最小的乙肝病毒携带者。没有幼儿园愿意收他，小朋友都躲着他，从此他幼小的心灵埋下了仇恨的种子。

　　他们是乙肝患者，是中国首部讲述HB?VER（乙肝病毒携带者含乙肝病人）生存状态的长篇小说《中国第一病》的主人公们。

　　“中国是乙肝患者大国。乙肝病毒携带者人数之多，他们所受歧视之最，以致称乙肝为中国第一病，实不为过。”作者赵玉泓通过中国1．2亿HBVER及其HBVER家属的体验，讲述了乙肝病毒携带者求医、求偶、求职、求学中遭遇的委屈和无助。

　　1月3日，在该书的签名售书活动现场，一位健康的乙肝病毒携带者告诉记者，人人生而平等，他们要求的是最起码的人格尊严。“这本书代表了HBVER战友们的呼吁：改变人们对乙肝的旧观念，取消对乙肝病毒携带者录用公务员的限制，打击乙肝虚假广告，提高医生职业道德。”

　　我国现有乙肝病毒携带者1．2亿人，这意味着我们身边每10个人里面，就有一个携带乙肝病毒。但在去年，浙江大学周一超杀人案、芜湖张先著“乙肝歧视案”等悲剧，却揭示出HBVER群体在谈“阳”色变的社会中举步维艰的状态。

　　《中国第一病》虽然是小说，但是赵玉泓认为它“比纪实还纪实”。即使患者知道，乙肝是非肠道感染的慢性病，传染性较弱，但他们的神经始终敏感而脆弱，漠视和歧视成为一张令受歧视者绝望的罗网。“这本书的出现可能改变国家的立法。”上海东方正义律师事务所主任黄可磊语出惊人。他认为，HBVER在我国是不可小视的群体，但是他们的权益却少人关心，他们的状况备受漠视。尽快制定相应的反歧视法律与法规，成为改变HBVER生活状态的当务之急和治本之策。





来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-1-10 18:13:04编辑过]

金戈铁马

来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

美国乙肝基金会与斯坦福大学亚裔肝脏中心出具的证明信

美国斯坦福大学肝脏中心联系美国乙肝基金会共同出具的证明在上海会面时，当着上海战友的面，正式将正本交给我，我将其扫描并翻译了。

此主题相关图片如下：


周伟教授
四川大学法学院

回复：乙型肝炎传播

周教授：

乙型肝炎是世界上最普遍的肝脏传染病。它是由乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）引起从而导致对肝脏的侵害和损伤。HBV是通过血液和被感染的体液传播的。通过直接的血液与血液的接触、无防护性性交、未杀菌处理的注射针以及已感染HBV的母亲在婴儿出生过程中传给其婴儿。

乙型肝炎不会偶然性的传播，并且乙型肝炎不会通过打喷嚏、咳嗽、拥抱以及食用由乙肝病毒感染者准备的食物而传播。

而且，乙型肝炎有一种安全有效的疫苗（通过注射疫苗你不会感染乙肝），只需三针就可获得抵抗乙型肝炎病毒的终生保护。疫苗被推荐用于所有的婴儿以及18岁以前的少年。所有的成人，尤其是处于高危人群中的则应认真考虑接种乙型肝炎疫苗。这是我们认为有史以来最安全最有效的疫苗之一。

如您有任何疑问或索取相关信息欢迎与我们联系。

Molli Conti
传导主任


此主题相关图片如下：







周伟教授
四川大学法学院


周教授：

我谨代表亚裔肝脏中心、肝癌委员会主任以及斯坦福大学医学院临床系教授的名义给您写此函。我还是美国食品与药品管理局（FDA）顾问，负责评估新型抗肝炎药物，并且受任于美国国家病毒性肝炎会---美国国会指定的研究针对甲乙丙肝炎国家策略的单位，担任董事，同时我是国家以及加利福尼亚州抗癌协会肝癌委员会主席。亚裔肝脏中心在亚裔社区对肝癌和乙型肝炎研究成绩得到美国华盛顿区的认可，在国家少数民族健康月中得奖并获少数民族健康研究卓越成就奖卡迪亚圣地亚哥雷蒙奖。

斯坦福大学亚裔肝脏中心是全美唯一从事针对较易患乙型肝炎和肝癌的亚洲人士和美籍亚裔的非营利性机构。亚裔肝脏中心创立于1996年，通过宣导、教育和研究三种途径对抗乙型肝炎。亚裔肝脏中心引领着教育宣传，努力提倡乙型肝炎和肝癌的防预和治疗工作，为大众和医师提供这方面的资源并提供临床和科学研究的计划。我们给亚裔传达的信息就是确认您已接受乙型肝炎的检测。如果测试显示您和您的家人未感染则应注射乙肝疫苗，如果您患有乙型肝炎则应去咨询医生看您是否需要治疗并且您应当每年有两次血液检测的定期检查以及一年一次的超声波测试以及时预防肝癌的发生。

乙型肝炎是一种平常性的传染病完全可以通过安全有效的乙肝疫苗得以预防。对于未感染的人群，有了疫苗的保护，即使在今后通过血液、污染的注射针或无防护性性交接触感染也不会感染乙型肝炎病毒。据世界卫生组织估计全球有1/3的人口被乙型肝炎感染过，约有4，000，000，000人染有乙型肝炎或是乙型肝炎病毒携带者。仅在中国就由10%的人口（1.3亿人）染有乙型肝炎。大多数中国人在婴儿或少儿时期被感染。乙型肝炎病毒的传播经常在婴儿出生过程中由是乙型肝炎病毒携带者的母亲传播给婴儿，而在12-24小时之内又未能及时给新生儿注射乙肝疫苗而导致的。除了母婴传播之外，HBV还通过输血、共用针头或者重复使用污染过的针头以及医护人员的注射器和无防护性性交传播。

与普通误解刚好相反，乙型肝炎不会通过食物或者平常的接触比如咳嗽、打喷嚏、握手、共同吃饭饮水而传播。乙肝病毒携带者一般没有症状并且通常可以过非常正常的生活。在美国乙肝病毒携带者经常和没有乙肝病毒的人群共同工作，而且乙型肝炎者的身份不能在工作中受到歧视。不过，为了减少他们因肝癌或肝衰竭而导致死亡的风险，患有乙型肝炎的人会被建议看医生以确认是否需要接受治疗以预防肝脏损伤及肝癌，即使肝癌有所发展，仍然可以在早期检测出来得以治愈。

如我能提供给您其他信息欢迎和我联系或访问我们的中文网站http://liver.stanford.edu

Samuel So医学博士
（。。。。）

来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

金戈铁马

来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

韩国的乙肝感染者权益保护状况

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) issued a recommendation to the Minister of Government Administration and Home Affairs to amend or rescind relevant articles of the “Regulation on Medical Examinations for Government New Hires” (hereafter, “Medical Exam Regulation”) that violate articles 11 and 15 of the Korean Constitution by violating the right of equality and the right to free choice of occupation for hepatitis B carriers. The provision in question—article 3: clause 2 of the Medical Exam Regulation—stipulates that candidates’ medical reports include “hepatitis screening” results and require that one fill out “whether preventative hepatitis vaccination is necessary.”

The NHRC investigation found that article 10 of the current enforcement decree for appointing government officials stipulates: (1) that medical exams must be performed for all new government employees when they are hired; (2) that the medical exam includes screening for hepatitis; (3) that the same exam also requires that one indicate whether preventative hepatitis vaccination is necessary.

The NHRC noted that “hepatitis screening” in Korea generally means screening for the hepatitis B virus, and that the medical exam results summary form requires filling out a hepatitis screening item separately from another question specifying liver disease testing. In medical terms, “liver disease” already includes hepatitis; thus, a separate screening for hepatitis would be carried out with the aim of making a distinction for hepatitis B. Furthermore, currently in Korea, the only hepatitis for which it is possible to be vaccinated is hepatitis B. Thus, the medical exam report item requiring that there be indication as to whether preventative vaccination is necessary also aims to single out persons with antigens to hepatitis B.

While hepatitis B is a disease that can be transmitted prenatally from mother to fetus, or through sexual contact or blood transfusion, it is not a disease that is transmitted through ordinary work life. Furthermore, were it to be known throughout the workplace that a person was a carrier of hepatitis B, that person may be subject to discrimination on a daily basis, owing to the lack of accurate understanding on the part of potentially ill-informed colleagues as to the exact nature of transmittal. Thus, one could say that it would be illogical if not inappropriate to undertake hepatitis B testing for new government appointees based on concerns about the possibility of spreading disease. Even supposing that the appointee had contracted hepatitis B, that in itself would not necessarily mean that his or her condition would deteriorate and impair work ability by developing into chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis since such cases are rare.

Thus, the NHRC found that indiscriminately making the success or failure of a person’s eligibility to work depend on a piece of medical history unrelated to their job qualifications constituted discrimination on the basis of medical history (for reference, in the United States, the Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits pre-hiring medical examinations.)

Article 1 of the Medical Exam Regulation states that the purpose of the examination is to determine whether a person’s physical abilities would allow them to perform their job duties, that is, to assess if they are adequate to specific job-related tasks. Thus, the medical exam is the testing procedure to determine whether the person in question can competently handle job duties without undue harm to him- or herself nor negatively impact the health of his or her colleagues. From this perspective, it is unreasonable for the medical exam to be testing for hepatitis or requiring the filling out of items as to whether or not the person would need vaccination.

On the one hand, the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs (MOGAHA) has released guidelines—based on the Enforcement Rules for Preventing Spread of Contagious Disease (amended in 2000)—explicitly forbidding government organs from rejecting candidates solely on the basis of whether or not they are hepatitis B carriers. This is tantamount to a MOGAHA acknowledgement that such hepatitis B testing is not necessary for such hiring-related medical exams.

This NHRC recommendation to revise (delete) the related provisions from the regulations for new government appointees that specify reporting items is just the first step. Before the year passes, the NHRC will have carefully examined the overall situation of medical exam systems for hiring, and the NHRC plans to make further recommendations as to measures to take when it discovers machinery that potentially leads to the unreasonable restriction of citizens’ right to equality. -–End.

2003-11-27 23:23:25   

yangguang   
  
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翻译成中文，英文难度太大了，呵呵！
2003-11-28 8:42:12   

商业战士   
  
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The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) issued a recommendation to the Minister of Government Administration and Home Affairs to amend or rescind relevant articles of the “Regulation on Medical Examinations for Government New Hires” (hereafter, “Medical Exam Regulation”) that violate articles 11 and 15 of the Korean Constitution by violating the right of equality and the right to free choice of occupation for hepatitis B carriers.
韩国人权委员会声称：政府雇员检查HBV，违反了韩国宪法11条、15条，侵犯了HBVER的平等权和自由选择工作的权利。

While hepatitis B is a disease that can be transmitted prenatally from mother to fetus, or through sexual contact or blood transfusion, it is not a disease that is transmitted through ordinary work life.
HBV母婴传播，血液传播，一般工作不传播。

Furthermore, were it to be known throughout the workplace that a person was a carrier of hepatitis B, that person may be subject to discrimination on a daily basis, owing to the lack of accurate understanding on the part of potentially ill-informed colleagues as to the exact nature of transmittal.
由于民众缺乏对其传染性的正确认识，筛查HBV使HBV雇员在工作场所受到日常性的歧视。

one could say that it would be illogical if not inappropriate to undertake hepatitis B testing for new government appointees based on concerns about the possibility of spreading disease.

基予传染疾病的考虑而检查新政府雇员的HBV,是不合逻辑的。




[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-28 12:03:09编辑过]
2003-11-28 9:18:05   

商业战士   
  
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Thus, the NHRC found that indiscriminately making the success or failure of a person’s eligibility to work depend on a piece of medical history unrelated to their job qualifications constituted discrimination on the basis of medical history (for reference, in the United States, the Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits pre-hiring medical examinations.)
韩国人权委员会认为：仅根据与工作能力无关的一纸医疗纪录来决定一个人是否能胜任一个职位， 构成了歧视。（参照，美国能力缺陷法 禁止就业前的体检）


2003-11-28 9:21:44   

商业战士   
  
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On the one hand, the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs (MOGAHA) has released guidelines—based on the Enforcement Rules for Preventing Spread of Contagious Disease (amended in 2000)—explicitly forbidding government organs from rejecting candidates solely on the basis of whether or not they are hepatitis B carriers. This is tantamount to a MOGAHA acknowledgement that such hepatitis B testing is not necessary for such hiring-related medical exams.
一方面，政府管理和内务部根据传染病防治细则发布指引，明确禁止政府机关仅依据是否HBV携带者而拒绝申请者。这表明：政府管理和内务部确认： HBV检查对于就业相关的体检是不必要的。
2003-11-28 9:27:57   

商业战士   
  
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Before the year passes, the NHRC will have carefully examined the overall situation of medical exam systems for hiring, and the NHRC plans to make further recommendations as to measures to take when it discovers machinery that potentially leads to the unreasonable restriction of citizens’ right to equality.
今年，韩国人权委员会将会仔细检查就业医学检查体系的情况一旦发现可能对公民的平等权作出不合理限制的情况，韩国人权委员会将建议采取进一步的行动。


来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com  

金戈铁马

来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

WHO关于乙肝的介绍

WHO关于饮食与日常工作不传染的介绍：“乙肝病毒不会经由被污染的食物或水传播，也不会在工作场所被意外感染。”
“Hepatitis B virus is not spread by contaminated food or water, and cannot be spread casually in the workplace.”
这是WHO的正式文件，其权威性是不容置疑的！
原文附后。


乙 肝
乙肝是人类历史上最严重的疾病之一，是一个严重的全球公众健康问题。自从1982年首次应用疫苗乙肝以来它可以被安全而有效地预防。在全球20亿曾感染乙肝病毒的人群中，有超过3.5亿人为慢性乙肝患者并终身携带。这些慢性乙肝患者死于肝硬化和肝癌的几率相当高，这些疾病导致每年100万人死亡。虽然乙肝疫苗不能治愈慢性乙肝，但是它能在95％几率上阻止乙肝扩散，是第一个抵抗人类癌症的疫苗。1991年，世界卫生组织号召所有儿童接种乙肝疫苗，已有116个国家把接种乙肝疫苗列入本国免疫项目中。但是，那些最需要疫苗的最贫穷国家的儿童却由于政府无法支付费用而一直不能接种疫苗。幸运的是，在全球疫苗与免疫联合会（GAVI）和全球儿童疫苗基金会（GFCV）的帮助下，疫苗很快将被运到这些国家。

什么是乙肝？
肝炎就是指肝脏发炎，大部分肝炎由五种病毒引起，它们分别被成为肝炎A、B、C、D与E（中国称为甲、乙、丙、丁、戊肝炎）。这些病毒能诱发急性疾病，症状可持续数周，表现为黄疸、小便颜色变深、极易疲劳、恶心、呕吐、腹痛等。可能需要数月甚至一年后才不再感觉不舒服。乙肝病毒能引起慢性感染并让病人终身携带，数年后将发展成肝硬化或肝癌。乙肝是病毒性肝炎中最为严重的一种，是唯一能导致慢性肝炎的一种，为了预防乙肝可以使用乙肝疫苗。

谁得了乙肝？
在大多数发展中地区（如非洲撒哈拉地区、亚洲的大部分地区以及太平洋地区），大多数人们在儿童时期感染过乙肝病毒，总人口中的8－10％是慢性乙肝患者。在这些地区死于癌症的人口中，由乙肝发展而来的肝癌位列死因前三。
在亚马孙地区与东欧的南部和中欧，乙肝感染率也居高不下。在中东与印第安亚大陆，大约有5％的人口是慢性乙肝患者。而在西欧与北美只有不到1％的人口是慢性乙肝患者。
感染了乙肝病毒的孩童最容易发展成为慢性乙肝患者。大约90％的婴儿在感染后的第一年、30－50％的儿童在感染后的第一至第四年内发展成慢性乙肝患者。孩童时即发展为慢性乙肝患者的人死于乙肝相关的肝癌和肝硬化的几率在25％左右。

乙肝是如何传染的？
乙肝病毒与引起艾滋病的人类免疫系统缺失性病毒（HIV）的传播途径一样，是经由接触病毒携带者的血液和体液实现传播的。但是，乙肝病毒的传染性是HIV病毒的50－100倍。
乙肝病毒的主要传播途径是：
1.垂直传播（母婴传播）；
2.儿童间传播；
3.不安全的注射与输血传播；
4.性传播。
在全球范围内，大多数的感染发生在母婴之间、家庭内的儿童间接触、针头与注射器未经消毒重新使用。在许多发展中国家，几乎所有儿童都被乙肝病毒感染。
在许多工业化国家（如西欧与北美国家）里，传播方式又有不同。在这些国家里，母婴传播与儿童间传播导致了三分之一的乙肝感染，直到乙肝疫苗计划被推行。目前，最主要的乙肝病毒感染因青少年的性活动与注射毒品发生。另外，乙肝病毒是护理工人职业性伤害中最主要的传染性威胁，大多数护工已经接种了乙肝疫苗。
乙肝病毒不会经由被污染的食物或水传播，也不会在工作场所被意外感染。

慢性乙肝和肝癌能被治愈吗?
肝癌几乎是致命的，通常在35－65年龄段人群中发生，这一阶段的人们也是处在事业的顶峰，肩负着家庭的责任。在发展中国家，失去一位母亲或者父亲可能会毁掉整个家庭。在发展中国家，大多数患有肝癌的人在被诊断出来后几个月内死亡。而在发达国家，通过手术和化疗能延长病人几年的寿命。有的病人用interferon 或 lamivudine（拉米夫定）来治疗并获得一定效果，但是此疗法费用昂贵，对于发展中国家的病人来说绝不可取。有的肝硬化病人被施行肝移植手术，成功率高低不一。与其试尽各种方法来治疗乙肝，不如及早接种疫苗来预防它。
乙肝疫苗的安全性与有效性有几何？
乙肝疫苗的安全性与有效性极高。自1982年后，已有超过10亿支乙肝疫苗在全球范围内使用。接种疫苗以三次肌肉注射为一组。研究表明，乙肝疫苗可在95％程度上保护未感染乙肝病毒的儿童与大人远离乙肝。在某些国家，曾有8-15％的儿童感染乙肝，而在接种疫苗的儿童中，这个比例已下降到1％。

WHO将如何控制乙肝发展？
自1991年后，WHO即号召所有国家将接种乙肝疫苗列入本国免疫项目。到2000年3月为止，已有116个国家（包括东亚、东南亚、太平洋群岛、澳洲、北美、南美、西欧、东欧中部的大部分国家）实现此目标。但是，许多位于非洲环撒哈拉地区、印第安亚大陆和新近独立的低收入国家没有使用疫苗。乙肝疫苗的价格成为在这些国家推广的最大障碍。
全球疫苗与免疫联合会（GAVI）成立于1999年，是在WHO领导下独有的公众、私立研究机构联合会。GAVI的主要任务就是让尽可能多的儿童接种疫苗以抵抗各种可被疫苗预防的疾病。GAVI已经成立了一个国际健康基金：全球儿童疫苗基金会（GFCV）这个基金将帮助74个低收入国家加强实施其国家疫苗项目并引入乙肝、黄热病和出血性B型流感疫苗。
==========================
原文如下：

Fact Sheet WHO/204
Revised October 2000

HEPATITIS B

Hepatitis B is one of the major diseases of mankind and is a serious global public health problem. It is preventable with safe and effective vaccines that have been available since 1982. Of the 2 billion people who have been infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), more than 350 million have chronic (lifelong) infections. These chronically infected persons are at high risk of death from cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer, diseases that kill about one million persons each year. Although the vaccine will not cure chronic hepatitis, it is 95% effective in preventing chronic infections from developing, and is the first vaccine against a major human cancer. In 1991, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for all children to receive the hepatitis B vaccine, and 116 countries have added this vaccine to their routine immunization programmes. However, the children in the poorest countries, who need the vaccine the most, have not been receiving it because their governments cannot afford it. Fortunately, hepatitis B vaccine will soon be available in these countries with the assistance of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) and the Global Fund for Children's Vaccines.

What is Hepatitis?

Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver, and the most common cause is infection with one of 5 viruses, called hepatitis A,B,C,D, and E. All of these viruses can cause an acute disease with symptoms lasting several weeks including yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice); dark urine; extreme fatigue; nausea; vomiting and abdominal pain. It can take several months to a year to feel fit again. Hepatitis B virus can cause chronic infection in which the patient never gets rid of the virus and many years later develops cirrhosis of the liver or liver cancer. HBV is the most serious type of viral hepatitis and the only type causing chronic hepatitis for which a vaccine is available.

Who gets Hepatitis B ?

In much of the developing world, (sub-Saharan Africa, most of Asia, and the Pacific), most people become infected with HBV during childhood, and 8% to 10% of people in the general population become chronically infected. In these regions liver cancer caused by HBV figures among the first three causes death by cancer in men.

High rates of chronic HBV infection are also found in the Amazon and the southern parts of Eastern and Central Europe. In the Middle East and Indian sub-continent, about 5% are chronically infected. Infection is less common in Western Europe and North America, where less than 1% are chronically infected.

Young children who become infected with HBV are the most likely to develop chronic infection. About 90% of infants infected during the first year of life and 30% to 50% of children infected between 1 to 4 years of age develop chronic infection. The risk of death from HBV-related liver cancer or cirrhosis is approximately 25% for persons who become chronically infected during childhood.

How do people get infected ?

Hepatitis B virus is transmitted by contact with blood or body fluids of an infected person in the same way as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS. However, HBV is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV.

The main ways of getting infected with HBV are:

Perinatal (from mother to baby at the birth);
Child- to-child transmission;
Unsafe injections and transfusions;
Sexual contact.
Worldwide, most infections occur from infected mother to child, from child to child contact in household settings, and from reuse of unsterilized needles and syringes. In many developing countries, almost all children become infected with the virus.

In many industrialized countries (e.g. Western Europe and North America), the pattern of transmission is different. In these countries, mother-to-infant and child-to-child transmission accounted for up to one third of chronic infections before childhood hepatitis B vaccination programmes were implemented. However, the majority of infections in these countries are acquired during young adulthood by sexual activity, and injecting drug use. In addition, hepatitis B virus is the major infectious occupational hazard of health workers, and most health care workers have received hepatitis B vaccine.

Hepatitis B virus is not spread by contaminated food or water, and cannot be spread casually in the workplace.

Can chronic hepatitis B and liver cancer be treated?

Liver cancer is almost always fatal, and usually develops between 35 and 65 years of age, when people are maximally productive and with family responsibilities. The loss of a mother or a father in a developing country can devastate the entire family. In developing countries, most people with liver cancer die within months of diagnosis. In industrialized countries, surgery and chemotherapy can prolong life up to a few years. Chronic hepatitis B in some patients is treated with drugs called interferon or lamivudine, which can help some patients. However, interferon or lamivudine therapy costs thousands of dollars and will never be available to most patients in developing countries. Patients with cirrhosis are sometimes given liver transplants, with varying success. It is preferable to prevent this disease with vaccine than to try and cure it.

How safe and effective is the vaccine?

Hepatitis B vaccine has an outstanding record of safety and effectiveness. Since 1982, over one billion doses of hepatitis B vaccine have been used worldwide. The vaccine is given as a series of three intramuscular doses. Studies have shown that the vaccine is 95% effective in preventing children and adults from developing chronic infection if they have not yet been infected. In many countries where 8% to 15% of children used to become chronically infected with HBV, the rate of chronic infection has been reduced to less than 1% in immunized groups of children.

How is WHO trying to control Hepatitis B?

Since 1991, WHO has called for all countries to add hepatitis B vaccine into their national immunization programmes. As of March 2000, 116 countries had included hepatitis B vaccine in their national programmes including most countries in Eastern and South- East Asia, the Pacific Islands, Australia, North and South America, Western Europe and the Middle East. However, many low income countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent and in the Newly Independent States do not use the vaccine. The price of the hepatitis B vaccine has been one of the main obstacles to its introduction in many of these countries.

The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) was created in 1999. It is a unique coalition of public and private institutions where WHO has taken a leading role. The main mission of GAVI is to vaccinate as many children as possible against vaccine-preventable diseases. GAVI has introduced a new approach to international health funding: the Global Fund for Children's vaccines (GFCV). This fund will help 74 low-income countries to reinforce their national vaccine programmes and introduce hepatitis B, yellow fever and haemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) vaccines into their national immunization programmes.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For further information, please contact the Office of the Spokesperson, WHO, Geneva. Tel (+41 22) 791 2599. Fax (+41 22) 791 4858. Email: [email protected].








来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

金戈铁马

来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

澳大利亚是怎样保障乙肝人群的工作权利的



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CODE OF PRACTICE ON THE MANAGEMENT OF HIV/AIDS AND HEPATITIS AT WORKPLACE APPENDIX F DISCRIMINATION
有关HIV/AIDS和肝炎在工作场所的规定 附录F 歧视

Under the Equal Opportunity Act 1984 and the Disability Discrimination Act 1993, employers must not discriminate against an employee on the grounds of a past, present, imputed or future impairment. The discrimination can be direct or indirect.

根据平等机会法1984和残废/障歧视法1993，雇主不得因为过去，现在或将来的缺陷（障碍）歧视雇员。歧视包括直接或间接的歧视。

Direct discrimination involves treatment that favours one person over another person in the same or similar circumstances. An example would be terminating the employment of someone because they have HIV or requiring patients who have HIV to wear identifying wrist bands.

直接的歧视包括，在相同或相似的情形/条件下给予某人比另外一个人更好的待遇。例如，因为雇员感染HIV而解雇该雇员，或要求HIV病人佩戴起标志作用的手带/饰物。

Indirect discrimination can occur if there are rules or requirements which apply to everyone, but which have the effect of disadvantaging one group and are not reasonable in the circumstances.

间接的歧视包括，制定对某一群人有不利因素，不合理的且适用于所有雇员的规定或要求。

Employer responsibilities
雇主的责任

With regard to HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C in the workplace:

有关工作场所内HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝炎：

• Employees with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C should be treated in the same manner as any employee with a non-work related illness (eg., cancer, heart disease).

• 有HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝炎的雇员应该得到和其他任何没有影响工作（工作相关）的疾病（如癌症，心脏病）的雇员相同的待遇。

• All employment decisions should be based exclusively on criteria relating to merit and fitness and have no reference to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV infection or AIDS related illnesses.

• 所有有关雇佣的决定应该只基于雇员品德和工作能力，是否有HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝炎不得作为影响决定的因素。

• Pre-employment medical screening of employees for HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C should not be carried out unless relevant for assessment of medical fitness for work.

• 除非在HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝炎有影响该工作的情况下，不应该进行针对HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝炎的雇佣前体检筛选。

• Any information pertaining to an individual''''s HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C status should be kept confidential.

• 所有有关雇员的HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝炎的情况属于保密。

• Unless the work poses a danger to the employee, other employees or the public, the employer need not be informed that an employee is infected. The employer is not obliged to inform anyone should they become aware that an employee is infected.

• 除非该工作对该雇员，其他雇员或公众形成危害，不用告知雇主某雇员被感染。雇主也没有义务通知任何人某雇员被感染（HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝炎）

• Notwithstanding this, health care workers and emergency service providers who become infected with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C have special responsibilities in relation to possible risks to others and require special advice on their obligations in the workplace from the Director, Communicable Disease Control Branch, Health Department of Western Australia.

• 因为可能的对其他人的危害，对于医务工作者和紧急救护人员，如感染HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝炎，相关的工作场所的规定，需要向西澳大利亚卫生部传染病控制中心主管特别咨询。

• Employers who become aware of a prospective or existing employee with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C are obliged to make any reasonable adjustment required to ensure the employee can continue to carry out the essential requirements of the job, so long as the adjustment does not cause unjustifiable hardship in terms of cost, dislocation to work practices etc.

• 如果知道有雇员可能感染或已感染HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝炎，雇主有责任进行合理的调整以使的该雇员能继续胜任其工作，只要该调整不会造成过高的成本，或引起工作秩序的混乱。

• All normal sick leave and other leave entitlements should be no different for HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C illnesses than for other illnesses.

• 正常的病假和其它请假的批准条件，对于HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝炎不得有任何的不同。

• Where practicable, an employee with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C should not be required to work where there is risk of transmission of other diseases which may increase or aggravate that employee''''s ill-health.

• 在允许的情况下，患有HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝炎的雇员不应被安排从事有可能感染其它传染病的工作，以防止进一步损害雇员的健康。

Other equal opportunity
其他平等机会

Other Equal Opportunity laws make it illegal to discriminate on the grounds of an employee’s sexual preferences and race. With regard to HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C, this makes it illegal to discriminate in the following circumstances:
不得因雇员的性取向歧视 （详略）

A person''''s sexual preference: For example, discrimination against someone because of their homosexuality, or assumed homosexuality, and therefore the assumption that they may have HIV infection or AIDS.
A person''''s race: For example, if it is assumed that people from certain countries are likely to have HIV infection or AIDS.
不得因雇员的种族歧视 （详略）

Employee responsibilities
雇员的责任

Unless the work poses a danger to employees or the public, employees are not obliged to inform their employer should they become aware that they, or another employee, are infected with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C.
除非该工作对雇员或公众构成危害，雇员没有义务要求雇主他们应知道谁感染HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝炎

Unless the work poses a danger to employees or the public, there should be no denial of services to existing or potential clients on the grounds that those clients have or are thought to have HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B or hepatitis C.
除非该工作对雇员或公众构成危害，不得因为客户患有或认为患有HIV/AIDS，B型肝炎或C型肝而不对其进行服务。

Confidentiality and the requirement to obtain consent to waive that confidentiality should be respected.
保密应该得到尊重，取消保密需要获得当事人同意。





2003-12-22 14:16:03   




新南威尔士：
Is it against the law to discriminate against me because I have an infectious disease?
Yes. In New South Wales it is generally against the law to treat you unfairly or harass you because you have an infectious disease, including hepatitis A, B or C; if you are living with HIV/AIDS; or if you have an airborne disease such as tuberculosis. It is against the law to discriminate if:
●you have an infectious disease now, or someone thinks you have an infectious disease - this applies even if you have no symptoms
●you had an infectious disease in the past, or someone thinks you had one in the past
●someone thinks you might get an infectious disease in the future
●you have a relative, friend or work colleague who has (or someone thinks has) an infectious disease.
歧视传染性疾病患者是否违反法律？
是的。在新南威尔士，任何因你患有传染性疾病（包括甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎）而给你不公平的对待或困扰，都是违法的。…………，因下列情况而歧视你都将导致违法：
●你正患有传染性疾病，或别人认为你患有传染性疾病——尽管可能没有任何症状。
●你过去曾患有传染性疾病，或别人认为你曾经患有。
●他人认为你将来可能会感染某种传染性疾病。

When is it against the law to discriminate?
Discrimination is against the law:
●in most types of employment - when you apply for a job, or at any time during your employment, or when you leave a job. If you can do the job safely and effectively then you must not be discriminated against
●when you try to get, or get, most types of goods or services - for example, from shops, dentists, doctors, hospitals, pubs and entertainment places, banks, lawyers, government departments, local councils
●when you rent, or try to rent, accommodation - for example, a unit, house, commercial premises, hotel or motel room, caravan...
●when you apply to get into, or are studying in, any state educational institution - government school, college, TAFE or university
●when you try to enter, join or get services from a registered club - a registered club includes any club that sells alcohol or has gambling machines.
何时的歧视才会违法法律？
歧视违法法律。
●在大多数工作形式中——当你申请某种工作，或者正处于工作状态的任何时候，或者辞去某种工作的时候。如果你能安全而又有效率地从事这项工作的，你不能因此而遭受歧视。
●当你从某处购买或接受绝大多数商品和服务时（或做出这样的努力时）——如商店、牙科医生、医生、医院、酒吧以及娱乐场所、银行、律师行、政府部门和地方机构等。
●当你租用某个地方时（或做出这样的努力时）——如一个单元、房屋、商业场地、宾馆或者汽车旅馆、旅行队等等。
●当你申请进入任何一所国家教育机构时就学时或正求学于此——如公立学校、学院、TAFE或者大学。
●当你准备加入或从注册俱乐部接受服务时——一注册俱乐部包括出售酒精或者赌博机器的任何俱乐部。
Employers, service providers, education providers, etc also have a legal duty to provide you with any special facilities or services you need in order to do the job, access the service, study at the educational authority, etc, as long as it will not cause them "unjustifiable hardship" to do this.

雇主、服务提供者、教育提供者等也有向你提供从事该工作所必学的任何特殊设备或者服务的法定义务。……只要这样做不会为他们带来“不合理的麻烦”。

If an employer, workmate, service or accommodation provider tells anyone else about your infectious disease when you have not said they can, this could also lead to discrimination that is against the law. It may also be against privacy laws.

如果雇主、同事、服务或住所提供者未经你的允许告诉任何人关于你的传染病病情，它将导致违反法律的歧视，也将违反有关保护隐私的法律。

However, some infectious diseases are classified as notifiable. This means that a health care practitioner may have to notify a Public Health Unit about your infectious disease.

但是，一些传染性疾病被归类为“应通知的”。 这意味着一位保健医生可能必须把你的的病情通知公共卫生机构。

Public health and safety exceptions
An employer or service provider is allowed to discriminate against you if another law tells them that they must.
●They may have to discriminate against you because of public health or occupational health and safety laws. For example, you are not allowed to handle food when you are in the acute stage of many infectious diseases, such as hepatitis A or you may not be able to do certain specialised medical work because you have hepatitis C. For more information on these diseases contact:

●If there is an outbreak of an infectious disease (eg whooping cough or measles) in a day care centre, preschool, or primary school, the organisation‘s director or principal can be instructed by the Public Health Unit to exclude an unimmunised child for the duration of the outbreak.

公共卫生和安全的例外条款
如果有其他法律要求他们必须这么做，雇主或服务提供者将被允许歧视传染病患者。
●他们可能会因为健康或者职业健康与安全法律的要求而这么做，例如你将不允许在很多传染病的急性阶段（如甲型肝炎）处理食品， 又比如你将因为患丙型肝炎而不被允许从事某些特殊的医药工作。
●如果在一家托儿所、学前教育机构或小学有一种传染性疾病(例如百日咳或者麻疹)爆发，组织的主管或负责人可能会应公共卫生机构的要求在爆发期间不接受患病儿童。

However, there are only rare occasions when health and safety obligations mean that someone can discriminate. This means that it is generally not OK to:
●refuse to hire you or provide you with a service or accommodation because you have hepatitis or some other infectious disease
●make you have a blood test, isolate, dismiss or segregate you because you have an infectious disease
●breach your confidentiality or privacy in the belief that others have the right to know about your disease for their own safety
●treat you badly because they think you use drugs and therefore they assume you have an infectious disease
●treat you unfairly because they think you are gay and therefore they assume you have an infectious disease.

但是，这些只是发生在健康和安全法律表明可歧视的稀有场合，这表明，在一般情况下，下列行为是不对的：
●因为你患有肝炎或者其他传染性疾病而拒绝雇佣或者为你提供服务或者住宿。
●因你得传染病而对你进行血样检查、隔离、开除或者孤立。
●以他人出于自己的安全原因有权了解你的病情为借口，侵犯你的隐私权。
●因为你服用药物而认为你患有传染病，从而不好地对待你。
●因为你过得快乐而认为你患有传染病，从而不公平地对待你。

Some complaints that we have handled
1. A woman complained to the Board that when she revealed that she had hepatitis B to a specialist doctor, he told her that he was too busy and to go elsewhere. The complaint was settled when the doctor gave her a written apology, and agreed to change his policy to ensure that this would not happen again.

我们已经处理的一些抱怨：
1、一妇女抱怨当她告诉一专科医生她患乙型肝炎的时候， 他告诉她他太忙并正要去其他地方。抱怨最后以医生向她书面道歉，并且同意改变做法，保证下不为例而解决。

2. A person complained to the Board that he was forced to resign from his job when after informing a supervisor of his hepatitis C status all the employees were told of this, and he had to undergo a compulsory blood test. As a result of conciliation he received financial compensation for lost wages and the humiliation he had suffered as well as the organisation agreeing to change its work practices and policies

2、一个人抱怨说他在他把他的病情通知监督员后，所有雇员都被告知此事，他被迫辞职。并接受了强制血样检验。经过调解，他得到经济赔偿以补偿他的工资损失和遭受的羞辱，以及雇主同意改变它的工作惯例和政策


来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

我爱HBV

很好!

还我人权

来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

有专家建议"大三阳"也可报考公务员

大洋网讯 “报考公务员终于可以向肝功能正常的‘小三阳’者敞开大门，我们这些从事传染病研究治疗的医生非常欣慰。今后公务员招考的大门，也可向肝功能正常的‘大三阳’者敞开。”昨天（1月29日），著名肝病专家、广州市第八医院副院长唐小平在接受记者采访时如是说。

　　据南方都市报报道，唐小平表示，作为医生才能真正了解、同情肝功能正常的“大、小三阳”群体，他们当中不少人很有能力，身体也不错，一个体检就使他们丧失了工作，这很不公平。今年广州改变了招考公务员的标准，向肝功能正常的“小三阳”者开了绿灯，这对改变人们对这些人的认识有很大帮助，意义重大。

　　唐小平通过南方都市报告诉读者，“小三阳”者只要肝功能正常就完全能进行正常的工作、生活，他们不是肝炎患者，而只是乙肝病毒携带者，传染性极小，正常的工作、就餐不会传染他人。唐小平强调，乙肝主要是通过血液、体液传播，虽然“大三阳”患者的传染性比“小三阳”患者大一些，但只要他的肝功能正常，一般的工作、吃饭传染可能性很小，故建议以后公务员招考大门也可向肝功能正常的“大三阳”者敞开。

　　广州市卫生局巡视员、新闻发言人赖国光说，广州能制定这样的公务员招考标准是一个很大的突破，这说明社会进步了。（记者曾文琼）

来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

还我人权

来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

我是新来的，大家好。这是关于我的一点经历。
我是个学生。考上了重点大学，本来觉得前途一片光明。谁知道体检时发现身体有问题，学校让休学一年。可以说天霎时暗了下来。一年里不知吃了多少苦药，还要受别人的歧视。我心里的压力是难以一言蔽之。人说年少不知愁滋味，可我确实知道了。我不知道一年内是否可以治好。一年后，还好学校的医生都很好，给我们这几个休学的学生在体检时开了绿灯。让我们又可以上学。在我眼里，这是偷来的几年。在这段时间我可以暂时喘息一下，不必时时考虑体检的问题。虽然过得愉快，可我时时都觉得有片阴影罩在头上。这个秘密我连好朋友都没告诉，因为我怕啊。人家要是知道你的情况怎么还敢和你住在一起呢。将来该怎么办呢？我决定考研，这还可以再延迟考虑两年，可是，毕竟将来我要出社会，我不得不考虑啊。我可以结婚吗？可以有个小孩子吗？我都不敢想。最重要的是，我的工作怎么办。前天我在中央新闻台看到了关于张先著先生的事，在电视前，我的眼泪流下来，只觉得委屈。我做错什么了吗？我是个心地善良的人，从来没有对不起过谁。有病了也不是我希望的，为什么要忍受这样的非难？我从新闻里也得知了 有这样的一个论坛，我迫不及待的来到这里，想看看大家。算是患难见真情吧，别人怎么会深切的理解我们呢

来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

还我人权

来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

[原创]难道说这就是命运？
难道说这就是命运？
——有感于不完善、不合理的制度对一个公民的层层伤害

马上就要过年了，真不想破坏家庭气氛。不怕大家笑话，昨天还是和妻子吵了一回。原因就不说了，反正吵嘴没好话。妻子一直数落我没本事，主要是指我在事业上的失败。虽然这一切都不是我的过错，但我还是无言。并非是我大度，而是她说的是事实，我应该尊重现实……
在我上小学时，我们这里的小学教育一直都是五年制。可就在我读四年级的时候，我们这里的地方教育局一时冲动，要实行教改，小学改为六年制，于是我的小学也读了六年。在读六年级的时候，我们连正规的教材都没有，教育质量就可想而知了。对我们而言，纯粹是浪费了一年的时光。后来教改失败，又恢复为五年制。这样前前后后只有我们及上一级和下一级的三届学生倒了霉。没有想到的是，这一年对我的一生产生了重大的负面影响。
上中学一直正常。但就在我们高考的那一年，新政策又出台了：我们开始分地区招生，就是不论考生分高分低，每个地区分配的名额是一定的，竞争只能在本地区内进行。据说其目的是为了平衡省内各地区能够考上大学的学生的数量。如果我不读六年级，我就可以早一年高考，就会躲过分地区招生的规定。那一年我考得不是很理想，但以我的分数，若在省会城市则可升本，但我们本地，却连专科都没考上。于是我复读了一年，才考上了大学。等我毕业的时候，国家的分配制度已经发生了很大的变化，国家不再统包统分，自主择业的趋势逐渐形成。
这里必须说明的是，我们地区是八十年代中后期建立的地级市，如果第一年高考我能考上专科，那我也可以赶得上本市的用人高潮，那样的话我不仅可以轻松进入国家机关，而且现在可能早已晋升了。可是一年的错失，它实实在在地改变了很多。没有办法，95年毕业的时候，我只能进入一家企业。从96年开始，机关编制冻结，再想进入机关只能通过考试。
97年我第一次参加公务员考试，成绩也不错，第二名。所报考的职位招收两人，本以为没有什么问题了。可是人事部门要求每个职位必须达到1：3的比例才算有效。我们报考的职位只有三人上线，于是第二名的我和第三名的别人都给枪决了。
等啊等，好不容易等到2001年，我们省又开始招考了。我请假一个月精心准备，终于考了个第一（时年1：3的规定又取消了！！）。经过组织人事部门的公示后，进入体检程序（这是什么人规定的程序，简直是脑筋错乱），结果大家都知道了。并且，我一度成为本地政府机关中小有名气的愚蠢的HBV名人，因为我没有ZB导致了我的失败！后来我想转到别的单位工作，可是已经没有哪个单位敢要我了，尽管他们需要我，但因为我是HBV，我的愚蠢的故事曾经在这个小城广为传播。
我虽然一直不是公务员，但我生活在公务员群体当中，一直从事着公务员的工作。所以对这支队伍中的HBV状况我也很了解。在我们中国就是这样，同样的身体，有的人进入那个圈子，而有的人可能永远要在圈外徘徊，难道这就是公平，这就是平等，这就民主政治，这就是政治文明？！是啊，就是这样一些人为的、随心所欲的、不负责的所谓的规定，断送了一个又一个人的美好前程。我一直很奇怪，我们制定出台的所谓的规定的作用到底是什么呢？对于虚假医疗广告没有人去规定，也没有人去执行相关规定；对满大街的办假证假文凭的广告没有人去规定，也没有人管理、听任其泛滥成灾，可对我们这群良民却这样严厉的规定限制着我们！一个人的青春能有几年？转眼之间我已经过了三十五岁了，按照三十五的规定，即使国家不再歧视HBV，我也不可能再进入公务员队伍了，这就是一个人的命运？
命运很悲惨，可这是我的错吗？但我说服不了我的妻子，于是，昨天我们吵架了……


来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com

还我人权

来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com 祖国啊，母亲!——致人大代表，政协委员的一封信 祖国啊，母亲! 一一致人大代表，政协委员的一封信 尊敬的人大代表，政协委员：我们，生活在乙肝歧视阴影里的青年学子，在这里，向你们倾诉我们的心声。 今天，我们完成了十余年艰辛的学业，正带着父母的期望和师长的嘱托，满怀憧憬地走向生活。我们渴望着用自己的青春和才华，去建设亲爱的祖国。可是却看到，从政府部门到国有企业，从民营到合资，外资公司------，眼前社会上几乎所有的道路，都对我们亮出了红灯。 是我们荒废了十余年的学校光阴么?不是。从发蒙之日起，我们就夙兴夜寐，勤学不辍；是我们没有具备必要的学识和能力吗?不是，我们中不少人都是同辈中的佼佼者；是我们缺少献身四化建设的热忱吗？更不是，我们中有不少海外学成归来的赤子。仅仅是因为，我们和乙肝沾了边，就失去了报效祖国的资格，甚至连自己起码的生存也将难以保证！ 如果，真的身患绝症，我们会与其坚韧地抗争，直到带着人的尊严告别世界；如果，患上了埃博拉，我们会选择让病毒和自己的生命一起消失；如果，感染了SARS，我们会毫不犹豫地走进隔离区。因为，没有谁，比我们更了解健康对每一个人的价值，没有谁，比我们更懂得生命的真谛。然而，都不是。仅仅因为，我们多数是无乙肝病症状的带菌者。 现代医学成果已经权威地昭示：除了极个别岗位，我们可以胜任绝大多数的工作。并且不会在与人日常相处时有损对方健康一一尤其在有了高效而廉价疫苗的今天。 几年前，我们按照高考体检要求，选择了未来将从事的职业。而今天，当挥手告别那为我们呕心呖血的师长，孕育我们理想的校园，向往着用生命的全部辉煌，来报效祖国之时，又怎会料到受限的领域，从当初不到百分之一，被极不科学.极荒诞.极残酷地扩大到近乎百分之百！煌煌中华，难道竟没有让我们一展青云之志的三尺之地？！ 祖国啊，我亲爱的母亲，难道您真的不要您这些儿女了吗？ 我们，曾是那么幸福的一代！没有像祖辈那样，遭受过侵略者炮火的蹂躏；没有如父辈，熬过困难时期的饥馑；也没有经历过十年浩劫的雨打风吹。当我们来到人世，十一届三中全会的春风己吹拂了祖国大地。从记事时起，家人常饱含深情地对我们说:“你们真幸运，赶上了共和国最美好的时期。”当时，他们是那么殷切地希望，待我们成年后，在广阔的天空里奋翅高飞，把自己的聪明和才智，贡献给祖国的复兴大业！弥补他们因时代而留下的遗憾。 然而，在今天，这一切都成了泡影。 我们中不少人，在激烈的求职场上颖脱而出，其素质与才华令招聘方由衷叹服。但<乙肝两对半>这道不可逾越的天堑，使他们神伤而退；我们中不少人，从海外学成归来，却发现多年魂牵梦萦的祖国，竟无他立锥之地；更有那些或捧着父母变卖家产，乡亲们拼凑的圆，角，分币来拼凑学费，或依靠国家助学货款以完成学业的特困同学，因无法找到工作而陷入绝境！ 面对父母那骤然增添的白发，面对师长无可奈何的叹息，我们在心里呼喊：“祖国啊，我亲爱的母亲，您能听见我们的哭泣吗?” 每当闻道海外归来的学长，不得不再次泪别故土，我们无言相送；每当听说自己的师兄，满怀经纶却仅能靠最原始的方式来维持生计，我们心如刀割；每当想起周一超绝望中以暴抗虐，我们泪如雨下。每当因乙肝歧视，我们不得不把录用通知一封又一封悄悄收捡起来时，我们的心，如寒风中飘零的秋叶。我们一次又一次地问自己：“我们脚下的路究竟通向何方?” 我们，不是世界主义者。始终离不开生我养我的华夏大地。即使外界对我们敞开大门，又有那里容得下这一亿多人群？我们景仰屈原对祖国的忠贞不渝，但我们，不会像他那样，“从彭咸之所居。”因为，我们心中还燃烧着希望。 回想SARS肆虐之时，胡锦涛主席来到百姓中间。我们的主席在最艰险的时刻和人民共同经历患难。不久前，当温家宝总理握住艾滋病患者双手时，我们的心中涌起阵阵暖流。因为我们深信，迟早有一天，我们的总理也会拉住我们的手。 尊敬的代表和委员们，我们曾用双手，对你们投下庄严的一票。把祖国的前途和人民的命运托付给了你们！因为，我们深信，你们是<三个代表>的体现者和维护者。你们始终和广大民众息息相关，心心相印。今天，我们恳请你们关注的目光，能投向我们这一庞大的人群。“鹤鸣九皋，声闻于天。”相信你们能把我们渴求报效祖国的心声，带到人大，政协神圣的讲坛。让我们早日摆脱乙肝岐视的阴影，昂首投身到建设四化的队伍中去。 祖国啊，亲爱的母亲！我们坚信，您，绝不会忘记我们! 此至 敬礼 来源:乙肝感染者公益论坛“肝胆相照”http://www.hbvhbv.com