美国的能力缺陷法

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SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
    As used in this Act:
        (1) Auxiliary aids and services.--The term "auxiliary aids and
      services" includes--
            (A) qualified interpreters or other effective methods of making
          aurally delivered materials available to individuals with hearing
          impairments;
            (B) qualified readers, taped texts, or other effective methods of
          making visually delivered materials available to individuals with
          visual impairments;
            (C) acquisition or modification of equipment or devices; and
            (D) other similar services and actions.
        (2) Disability.--The term "disability" means, with respect to an
      individual--
            (A) a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one
          or more of the major life activities of such individual;
            (B) a record of such an impairment; or
            (C) being regarded as having such an impairment.
        (3) State.--The term "State" means each of the several States, the
      District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American
      Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands,
      and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

  SEC. 101. DEFINITIONS.
    As used in this title:
        (1) Commission.--The term "Commission" means the Equal Employment
      Opportunity Commission established by section 705 of the Civil Rights Act
      of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e-4).
        (2) Covered entity.--The term "covered entity" means an employer,
      employment agency, labor organization, or joint labor-management
      committee.
        (3) Direct threat.--The term "direct threat" means a significant risk
      to the health or safety of others that cannot be eliminated by reasonable
      accommodation.
        (4) Employee.--The term "employee" means an individual employed by an
      employer.
        (5) Employer.--
            (A) In general.--The term "employer" means a person engaged in an
          industry affecting commerce who has 15 or more employees for each
          working day in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the current or
          preceding calendar year, and any agent of such person, except that,
          for two years following the effective date of this title, an employer
          means a person engaged in an industry affecting commerce who has 25
          or more employees for each working day in each of 20 or more calendar
          weeks in the current or preceding year, and any agent of such person.
            (B) Exceptions.--The term "employer" does not include--
                (i) the United States, a corporation wholly owned by the
              government of the United States, or an Indian tribe; or
                (ii) a bona fide private membership club (other than a labor
              organization) that is exempt from taxation under section 501(c)
              of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
        (6) Illegal use of drugs.--
            (A) In general.--The term "illegal use of drugs" means the use of
          drugs, the possession or distribution of which is unlawful under the
          Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812). Such term does not include
          the use of a drug taken under supervision by a licensed health care
          professional, or other uses authorized by the Controlled Substances
          Act or other provisions of Federal law.
            (B) Drugs.--The term "drug" means a controlled substance, as
          defined in schedules I through V of section 202 of the Controlled
          Substances Act.
        (7) Person, etc.--The terms "person", "labor organization", "employment
      agency", "commerce", and "industry affecting commerce", shall have the
      same meaning given such terms in section 701 of the Civil Rights Act of
      1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e).
        (8) Qualified individual with a disability.--The term "qualified
      individual with a disability" means an individual with a disability who,
      with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential
      functions of the employment position that such individual holds or
      desires. For the purposes of this title, consideration shall be given to
      the employer''''s judgment as to what functions of a job are essential, and
      if an employer has prepared a written description before advertising or
      interviewing applicants for the job, this description shall be considered
      evidence of the essential functions of the job.
        (9) Reasonable accommodation.--The term "reasonable accommodation" may
      include--
            (A) making existing facilities used by employees readily accessible
          to and usable by individuals with disabilities; and
            (B) job restructuring, part-time or modified work schedules,
          reassignment to a vacant position, acquisition or modification of
          equipment or devices, appropriate adjustment or modifications of
          examinations, training materials or policies, the provision of
          qualified readers or interpreters, and other similar accommodations
          for individuals with disabilities.
        (10) Undue hardship.--
            (A) In general.--The term "undue hardship" means an action
          requiring significant difficulty or expense, when considered in light
          of the factors set forth in subparagraph (B).
            (B) Factors to be considered.--In determining whether an
          accommodation would impose an undue hardship on a covered entity,
          factors to be considered include--
                (i) the nature and cost of the accommodation needed under this
              Act;
                (ii) the overall financial resources of the facility or
              facilities involved in the provision of the reasonable
              accommodation; the number of persons employed at such facility;
              the effect on expenses and resources, or the impact otherwise of
              such accommodation upon the operation of the facility;
                (iii) the overall financial resources of the covered entity;
              the overall size of the business of a covered entity with respect
              to the number of its employees; the number, type, and location of
              its facilities; and
                (iv) the type of operation or operations of the covered entity,
              including the composition, structure, and functions of the
              workforce of such entity; the geographic separateness,
              administrative, or fiscal relationship of the facility or
              facilities in question to the covered entity.

  SEC. 102. DISCRIMINATION.
    (a) General Rule.--No covered entity shall discriminate against a qualified
  individual with a disability because of the disability of such individual in
  regard to job application procedures, the hiring, advancement, or discharge
  of employees, employee compensation, job training, and other terms,
  conditions, and privileges of employment.
    (b) Construction.--As used in subsection (a), the term "discriminate"
  includes--
        (1) limiting, segregating, or classifying a job applicant or employee
      in a way that adversely affects the opportunities or status of such
      applicant or employee because of the disability of such applicant or
      employee;
        (2) participating in a contractual or other arrangement or relationship
      that has the effect of subjecting a covered entity''''s qualified applicant
      or employee with a disability to the discrimination prohibited by this
      title (such relationship includes a relationship with an employment or
      referral agency, labor union, an organization providing fringe benefits
      to an employee of the covered entity, or an organization providing
      training and apprenticeship programs);
        (3) utilizing standards, criteria, or methods of administration--
            (A) that have the effect of discrimination on the basis of
          disability; or
            (B) that perpetuate the discrimination of others who are subject to
          common administrative control;
        (4) excluding or otherwise denying equal jobs or benefits to a
      qualified individual because of the known disability of an individual
      with whom the qualified individual is known to have a relationship or
      association;
        (5)(A) not making reasonable accommodations to the known physical or
      mental limitations of an otherwise qualified individual with a disability
      who is an applicant or employee, unless such covered entity can
      demonstrate that the accommodation would impose an undue hardship on the
      operation of the business of such covered entity; or
        (B) denying employment opportunities to a job applicant or employee who
      is an otherwise qualified individual with a disability, if such denial is
      based on the need of such covered entity to make reasonable accommodation
      to the physical or mental impairments of the employee or applicant;
        (6) using qualification standards, employment tests or other selection
      criteria that screen out or tend to screen out an individual with a
      disability or a class of individuals with disabilities unless the
      standard, test or other selection criteria, as used by the covered
      entity, is shown to be job-related for the position in question and is
      consistent with business necessity; and
        (7) failing to select and administer tests concerning employment in the
      most effective manner to ensure that, when such test is administered to a
      job applicant or employee who has a disability that impairs sensory,
      manual, or speaking skills, such test results accurately reflect the
      skills, aptitude, or whatever other factor of such applicant or employee
      that such test purports to measure, rather than reflecting the impaired
      sensory, manual, or speaking skills of such employee or applicant (except
      where such skills are the factors that the test purports to measure).
    (c) Medical Examinations and Inquiries.--
        (1) In general.--The prohibition against discrimination as referred to
      in subsection (a) shall include medical examinations and inquiries.
        (2) Preemployment.--
            (A) Prohibited examination or inquiry.--Except as provided in
          paragraph (3), a covered entity shall not conduct a medical
          examination or make inquiries of a job applicant as to whether such
          applicant is an individual with a disability or as to the nature or
          severity of such disability.
            (B) Acceptable inquiry.--A covered entity may make preemployment
          inquiries into the ability of an applicant to perform job-related
          functions.
        (3) Employment entrance examination.--A covered entity may require a
      medical examination after an offer of employment has been made to a job
      applicant and prior to the commencement of the employment duties of such
      applicant, and may condition an offer of employment on the results of
      such examination, if--
            (A) all entering employees are subjected to such an examination
          regardless of disability;
            (B) information obtained regarding the medical condition or history
          of the applicant is collected and maintained on separate forms and in
          separate medical files and is treated as a confidential medical
          record, except that--
                (i) supervisors and managers may be informed regarding
              necessary restrictions on the work or duties of the employee and
              necessary accommodations;
                (ii) first aid and safety personnel may be informed, when
              appropriate, if the disability might require emergency treatment;
              and
                (iii) government officials investigating compliance with this
              Act shall be provided relevant information on request; and
            (C) the results of such examination are used only in accordance
          with this title.
        (4) Examination and inquiry.--
            (A) Prohibited examinations and inquiries.--A covered entity shall
          not require a medical examination and shall not make inquiries of an
          employee as to whether such employee is an individual with a
          disability or as to the nature or severity of the disability, unless
          such examination or inquiry is shown to be job-related and consistent
          with business necessity.
            (B) Acceptable examinations and inquiries.--A covered entity may
          conduct voluntary medical examinations, including voluntary medical
          histories, which are part of an employee health program available to
          employees at that work site. A covered entity may make inquiries into
          the ability of an employee to perform job-related functions.
            (C) Requirement.--Information obtained under subparagraph (B)
          regarding the medical condition or history of any employee are
          subject to the requirements of subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph
          (3).

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-12-24 13:28:23编辑过]

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SEC. 103. DEFENSES.
    (a) In General.--It may be a defense to a charge of discrimination under
  this Act that an alleged application of qualification standards, tests, or
  selection criteria that screen out or tend to screen out or otherwise deny a
  job or benefit to an individual with a disability has been shown to be job-
  related and consistent with business necessity, and such performance cannot
  be accomplished by reasonable accommodation, as required under this title.
    (b) Qualification Standards.--The term "qualification standards" may
  include a requirement that an individual shall not pose a direct threat to
  the health or safety of other individuals in the workplace.
    (c) Religious Entities.--
        (1) In general.--This title shall not prohibit a religious corporation,
      association, educational institution, or society from giving preference
      in employment to individuals of a particular religion to perform work
      connected with the carrying on by such corporation, association,
      educational institution, or society of its activities.
        (2) Religious tenets requirement.--Under this title, a religious
      organization may require that all applicants and employees conform to the
      religious tenets of such organization.
    (d) List of Infectious and Communicable Diseases.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services, not later
      than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, shall--
            (A) review all infectious and communicable diseases which may be
          transmitted through handling the food supply;
            (B) publish a list of infectious and communicable diseases which
          are transmitted through handling the food supply;
            (C) publish the methods by which such diseases are transmitted; and
            (D) widely disseminate such information regarding the list of
          diseases and their modes of transmissability to the general public.
      Such list shall be updated annually.
        (2) Applications.--In any case in which an individual has an infectious
      or communicable disease that is transmitted to others through the
      handling of food, that is included on the list developed by the Secretary
      of Health and Human Services under paragraph (1), and which cannot be
      eliminated by reasonable accommodation, a covered entity may refuse to
      assign or continue to assign such individual to a job involving food
      handling.
        (3) Construction.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to preempt,
      modify, or amend any State, county, or local law, ordinance, or
      regulation applicable to food handling which is designed to protect the
      public health from individuals who pose a significant risk to the health
      or safety of others, which cannot be eliminated by reasonable
      accommodation, pursuant to the list of infectious or communicable
      diseases and the modes of transmissability published by the Secretary of
      Health and Human Services.

  SEC. 104. ILLEGAL USE OF DRUGS AND ALCOHOL.
    (a) Qualified Individual With a Disability.--For purposes of this title,
  the term "qualified individual with a disability" shall not include any
  employee or applicant who is currently engaging in the illegal use of drugs,
  when the covered entity acts on the basis of such use.
    (b) Rules of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (a) shall be construed to
  exclude as a qualified individual with a disability an individual who--
        (1) has successfully completed a supervised drug rehabilitation program
      and is no longer engaging in the illegal use of drugs, or has otherwise
      been rehabilitated successfully and is no longer engaging in such use;
        (2) is participating in a supervised rehabilitation program and is no
      longer engaging in such use; or
        (3) is erroneously regarded as engaging in such use, but is not
      engaging in such use;
  except that it shall not be a violation of this Act for a covered entity to
  adopt or administer reasonable policies or procedures, including but not
  limited to drug testing, designed to ensure that an individual described in
  paragraph (1) or (2) is no longer engaging in the illegal use of drugs.
    (c) Authority of Covered Entity.--A covered entity--
        (1) may prohibit the illegal use of drugs and the use of alcohol at the
      workplace by all employees;
        (2) may require that employees shall not be under the influence of
      alcohol or be engaging in the illegal use of drugs at the workplace;
        (3) may require that employees behave in conformance with the
      requirements established under the Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 (41
      U.S.C. 701 et seq.);
        (4) may hold an employee who engages in the illegal use of drugs or who
      is an alcoholic to the same qualification standards for employment or job
      performance and behavior that such entity holds other employees, even if
      any unsatisfactory performance or behavior is related to the drug use or
      alcoholism of such employee; and
        (5) may, with respect to Federal regulations regarding alcohol and the
      illegal use of drugs, require that--
            (A) employees comply with the standards established in such
          regulations of the Department of Defense, if the employees of the
          covered entity are employed in an industry subject to such
          regulations, including complying with regulations (if any) that apply
          to employment in sensitive positions in such an industry, in the case
          of employees of the covered entity who are employed in such positions
          (as defined in the regulations of the Department of Defense);
            (B) employees comply with the standards established in such
          regulations of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, if the employees of
          the covered entity are employed in an industry subject to such
          regulations, including complying with regulations (if any) that apply
          to employment in sensitive positions in such an industry, in the case
          of employees of the covered entity who are employed in such positions
          (as defined in the regulations of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission);
          and
            (C) employees comply with the standards established in such
          regulations of the Department of Transportation, if the employees of
          the covered entity are employed in a transportation industry subject
          to such regulations, including complying with such regulations (if
          any) that apply to employment in sensitive positions in such an
          industry, in the case of employees of the covered entity who are
          employed in such positions (as defined in the regulations of the
          Department of Transportation).
    (d) Drug Testing.--
        (1) In general.--For purposes of this title, a test to determine the
      illegal use of drugs shall not be considered a medical examination.
        (2) Construction.--Nothing in this title shall be construed to
      encourage, prohibit, or authorize the conducting of drug testing for the
      illegal use of drugs by job applicants or employees or making employment
      decisions based on such test results.
    (e) Transportation Employees.--Nothing in this title shall be construed to
  encourage, prohibit, restrict, or authorize the otherwise lawful exercise by
  entities subject to the jurisdiction of the Department of Transportation of
  authority to--
        (1) test employees of such entities in, and applicants for, positions
      involving safety-sensitive duties for the illegal use of drugs and for
      on-duty impairment by alcohol; and
        (2) remove such persons who test positive for illegal use of drugs and
      on-duty impairment by alcohol pursuant to paragraph (1) from safety-
      sensitive duties in implementing subsection (c).

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SEC. 105. POSTING NOTICES.
    Every employer, employment agency, labor organization, or joint labor-
  management committee covered under this title shall post notices in an
  accessible format to applicants, employees, and members describing the
  applicable provisions of this Act, in the manner prescribed by section 711 of
  the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e-10).

  SEC. 106. REGULATIONS.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
  Commission shall issue regulations in an accessible format to carry out this
  title in accordance with subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5, United States
  Code.

  SEC. 107. ENFORCEMENT.
    (a) Powers, Remedies, and Procedures.--The powers, remedies, and procedures
  set forth in sections 705, 706, 707, 709, and 710 of the Civil Rights Act of
  1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e-4, 2000e-5, 2000e-6, 2000e-8, and 2000e-9) shall be the
  powers, remedies, and procedures this title provides to the Commission, to
  the Attorney General, or to any person alleging discrimination on the basis
  of disability in violation of any provision of this Act, or regulations
  promulgated under section 106, concerning employment.
    (b) Coordination.--The agencies with enforcement authority for actions
  which allege employment discrimination under this title and under the
  Rehabilitation Act of 1973 shall develop procedures to ensure that
  administrative complaints filed under this title and under the Rehabilitation
  Act of 1973 are dealt with in a manner that avoids duplication of effort and
  prevents imposition of inconsistent or conflicting standards for the same
  requirements under this title and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The
  Commission, the Attorney General, and the Office of Federal Contract
  Compliance Programs shall establish such coordinating mechanisms (similar to
  provisions contained in the joint regulations promulgated by the Commission
  and the Attorney General at part 42 of title 28 and part 1691 of title 29,
  Code of Federal Regulations, and the Memorandum of Understanding between the
  Commission and the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs dated
  January 16, 1981 (46 Fed. Reg. 7435, January 23, 1981)) in regulations
  implementing this title and Rehabilitation Act of 1973 not later than 18
  months after the date of enactment of this Act.

  SEC. 108. EFFECTIVE DATE.
    This title shall become effective 24 months after the date of enactment.

  SEC. 201. DEFINITION.
    As used in this title:
        (1) Public entity.--The term "public entity" means--
            (A) any State or local government;
            (B) any department, agency, special purpose district, or other
          instrumentality of a State or States or local government; and
            (C) the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, and any commuter
          authority (as defined in section 103(8) of the Rail Passenger Service
          Act).
        (2) Qualified individual with a disability.--The term "qualified
      individual with a disability" means an individual with a disability who,
      with or without reasonable modifications to rules, policies, or
      practices, the removal of architectural, communication, or transportation
      barriers, or the provision of auxiliary aids and services, meets the
      essential eligibility requirements for the receipt of services or the
      participation in programs or activities provided by a public entity.

  SEC. 202. DISCRIMINATION.
    Subject to the provisions of this title, no qualified individual with a
  disability shall, by reason of such disability, be excluded from
  participation in or be denied the benefits of the services, programs, or
  activities of a public entity, or be subjected to discrimination by any such
  entity.

  SEC. 203. ENFORCEMENT.
    The remedies, procedures, and rights set forth in section 505 of the
  Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794a) shall be the remedies,
  procedures, and rights this title provides to any person alleging
  discrimination on the basis of disability in violation of section 202.

  SEC. 204. REGULATIONS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
  Act, the Attorney General shall promulgate regulations in an accessible
  format that implement this subtitle. Such regulations shall not include any
  matter within the scope of the authority of the Secretary of Transportation
  under section 223, 229, or 244.
    (b) Relationship to Other Regulations.--Except for "program accessibility,
  existing facilities", and "communications", regulations under subsection (a)
  shall be consistent with this Act and with the coordination regulations under
  part 41 of title 28, Code of Federal Regulations (as promulgated by the
  Department of Health, Education, and Welfare on January 13, 1978), applicable
  to recipients of Federal financial assistance under section 504 of the
  Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794). With respect to "program
  accessibility, existing facilities", and "communications", such regulations
  shall be consistent with regulations and analysis as in part 39 of title 28
  of the Code of Federal Regulations, applicable to federally conducted
  activities under such section 504.
    (c) Standards.--Regulations under subsection (a) shall include standards
  applicable to facilities and vehicles covered by this subtitle, other than
  facilities, stations, rail passenger cars, and vehicles covered by subtitle
  B. Such standards shall be consistent with the minimum guidelines and
  requirements issued by the Architectural and Transportation Barriers
  Compliance Board in accordance with section 504(a) of this Act.

  SEC. 205. EFFECTIVE DATE.
    (a) General Rule.--Except as provided in subsection (b), this subtitle
  shall become effective 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (b) Exception.--Section 204 shall become effective on the date of enactment
  of this Act.

SEC. 221. DEFINITIONS.
    As used in this part:
        (1) Demand responsive system.--The term "demand responsive system"
      means any system of providing designated public transportation which is
      not a fixed route system.
        (2) Designated public transportation.--The term "designated public
      transportation" means transportation (other than public school
      transportation) by bus, rail, or any other conveyance (other than
      transportation by aircraft or intercity or commuter rail transportation
      (as defined in section 241)) that provides the general public with
      general or special service (including charter service) on a regular and
      continuing basis.
        (3) Fixed route system.--The term "fixed route system" means a system
      of providing designated public transportation on which a vehicle is
      operated along a prescribed route according to a fixed schedule.
        (4) Operates.--The term "operates", as used with respect to a fixed
      route system or demand responsive system, includes operation of such
      system by a person under a contractual or other arrangement or
      relationship with a public entity.
        (5) Public school transportation.--The term "public school
      transportation" means transportation by schoolbus vehicles of
      schoolchildren, personnel, and equipment to and from a public elementary
      or secondary school and school-related activities.
        (6) Secretary.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of
      Transportation.

  SEC. 222. PUBLIC ENTITIES OPERATING FIXED ROUTE SYSTEMS.
    (a) Purchase and Lease of New Vehicles.--It shall be considered
  discrimination for purposes of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the
  Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for a public entity which operates
  a fixed route system to purchase or lease a new bus, a new rapid rail
  vehicle, a new light rail vehicle, or any other new vehicle to be used on
  such system, if the solicitation for such purchase or lease is made after the
  30th day following the effective date of this subsection and if such bus,
  rail vehicle, or other vehicle is not readily accessible to and usable by
  individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs.
    (b) Purchase and Lease of Used Vehicles.--Subject to subsection (c)(1), it
  shall be considered discrimination for purposes of section 202 of this Act
  and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for a
  public entity which operates a fixed route system to purchase or lease, after
  the 30th day following the effective date of this subsection, a used vehicle
  for use on such system unless such entity makes demonstrated good faith
  efforts to purchase or lease a used vehicle for use on such system that is
  readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, including
  individuals who use wheelchairs.
    (c) Remanufactured Vehicles.--
        (1) General rule.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), it shall be
      considered discrimination for purposes of section 202 of this Act and
      section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for a
      public entity which operates a fixed route system--
            (A) to remanufacture a vehicle for use on such system so as to
          extend its usable life for 5 years or more, which remanufacture
          begins (or for which the solicitation is made) after the 30th day
          following the effective date of this subsection; or
            (B) to purchase or lease for use on such system a remanufactured
          vehicle which has been remanufactured so as to extend its usable life
          for 5 years or more, which purchase or lease occurs after such 30th
          day and during the period in which the usable life is extended;
      unless, after remanufacture, the vehicle is, to the maximum extent
      feasible, readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
      disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs.
        (2) Exception for historic vehicles.--
            (A) General rule.--If a public entity operates a fixed route system
          any segment of which is included on the National Register of Historic
          Places and if making a vehicle of historic character to be used
          solely on such segment readily accessible to and usable by
          individuals with disabilities would significantly alter the historic
          character of such vehicle, the public entity only has to make (or to
          purchase or lease a remanufactured vehicle with) those modifications
          which are necessary to meet the requirements of paragraph (1) and
          which do not significantly alter the historic character of such
          vehicle.
            (B) Vehicles of historic character defined by regulations.--For
          purposes of this paragraph and section 228(b), a vehicle of historic
          character shall be defined by the regulations issued by the Secretary
          to carry out this subsection.

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SEC. 223. PARATRANSIT AS A COMPLEMENT TO FIXED ROUTE SERVICE.
    (a) General Rule.--It shall be considered discrimination for purposes of
  section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29
  U.S.C. 794) for a public entity which operates a fixed route system (other
  than a system which provides solely commuter bus service) to fail to provide
  with respect to the operations of its fixed route system, in accordance with
  this section, paratransit and other special transportation services to
  individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs,
  that are sufficient to provide to such individuals a level of service (1)
  which is comparable to the level of designated public transportation services
  provided to individuals without disabilities using such system; or (2) in the
  case of response time, which is comparable, to the extent practicable, to the
  level of designated public transportation services provided to individuals
  without disabilities using such system.
    (b) Issuance of Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after the effective
  date of this subsection, the Secretary shall issue final regulations to carry
  out this section.
    (c) Required Contents of Regulations.--
        (1) Eligible recipients of service.--The regulations issued under this
      section shall require each public entity which operates a fixed route
      system to provide the paratransit and other special transportation
      services required under this section--
            (A)(i) to any individual with a disability who is unable, as a
          result of a physical or mental impairment (including a vision
          impairment) and without the assistance of another individual (except
          an operator of a wheelchair lift or other boarding assistance
          device), to board, ride, or disembark from any vehicle on the system
          which is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
          disabilities;
            (ii) to any individual with a disability who needs the assistance
          of a wheelchair lift or other boarding assistance device (and is able
          with such assistance) to board, ride, and disembark from any vehicle
          which is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
          disabilities if the individual wants to travel on a route on the
          system during the hours of operation of the system at a time (or
          within a reasonable period of such time) when such a vehicle is not
          being used to provide designated public transportation on the route;
          and
            (iii) to any individual with a disability who has a specific
          impairment-related condition which prevents such individual from
          traveling to a boarding location or from a disembarking location on
          such system;
            (B) to one other individual accompanying the individual with the
          disability; and
            (C) to other individuals, in addition to the one individual
          described in subparagraph (B), accompanying the individual with a
          disability provided that space for these additional individuals is
          available on the paratransit vehicle carrying the individual with a
          disability and that the transportation of such additional individuals
          will not result in a denial of service to individuals with
          disabilities.
      For purposes of clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A), boarding or
      disembarking from a vehicle does not include travel to the boarding
      location or from the disembarking location.
        (2) Service area.--The regulations issued under this section shall
      require the provision of paratransit and special transportation services
      required under this section in the service area of each public entity
      which operates a fixed route system, other than any portion of the
      service area in which the public entity solely provides commuter bus
      service.
        (3) Service criteria.--Subject to paragraphs (1) and (2), the
      regulations issued under this section shall establish minimum service
      criteria for determining the level of services to be required under this
      section.
        (4) Undue financial burden limitation.--The regulations issued under
      this section shall provide that, if the public entity is able to
      demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the provision of
      paratransit and other special transportation services otherwise required
      under this section would impose an undue financial burden on the public
      entity, the public entity, notwithstanding any other provision of this
      section (other than paragraph (5)), shall only be required to provide
      such services to the extent that providing such services would not impose
      such a burden.
        (5) Additional services.--The regulations issued under this section
      shall establish circumstances under which the Secretary may require a
      public entity to provide, notwithstanding paragraph (4), paratransit and
      other special transportation services under this section beyond the level
      of paratransit and other special transportation services which would
      otherwise be required under paragraph (4).
        (6) Public participation.--The regulations issued under this section
      shall require that each public entity which operates a fixed route system
      hold a public hearing, provide an opportunity for public comment, and
      consult with individuals with disabilities in preparing its plan under
      paragraph (7).
        (7) Plans.--The regulations issued under this section shall require
      that each public entity which operates a fixed route system--
            (A) within 18 months after the effective date of this subsection,
          submit to the Secretary, and commence implementation of, a plan for
          providing paratransit and other special transportation services which
          meets the requirements of this section; and
            (B) on an annual basis thereafter, submit to the Secretary, and
          commence implementation of, a plan for providing such services.
        (8) Provision of services by others.--The regulations issued under this
      section shall--
            (A) require that a public entity submitting a plan to the Secretary
          under this section identify in the plan any person or other public
          entity which is providing a paratransit or other special
          transportation service for individuals with disabilities in the
          service area to which the plan applies; and
            (B) provide that the public entity submitting the plan does not
          have to provide under the plan such service for individuals with
          disabilities.
        (9) Other provisions.--The regulations issued under this section shall
      include such other provisions and requirements as the Secretary
      determines are necessary to carry out the objectives of this section.
    (d) Review of Plan.--
        (1) General rule.--The Secretary shall review a plan submitted under
      this section for the purpose of determining whether or not such plan
      meets the requirements of this section, including the regulations issued
      under this section.
        (2) Disapproval.--If the Secretary determines that a plan reviewed
      under this subsection fails to meet the requirements of this section, the
      Secretary shall disapprove the plan and notify the public entity which
      submitted the plan of such disapproval and the reasons therefor.
        (3) Modification of disapproved plan.--Not later than 90 days after the
      date of disapproval of a plan under this subsection, the public entity
      which submitted the plan shall modify the plan to meet the requirements
      of this section and shall submit to the Secretary, and commence
      implementation of, such modified plan.
    (e) Discrimination Defined.--As used in subsection (a), the term
  "discrimination" includes--
        (1) a failure of a public entity to which the regulations issued under
      this section apply to submit, or commence implementation of, a plan in
      accordance with subsections (c)(6) and (c)(7);
        (2) a failure of such entity to submit, or commence implementation of,
      a modified plan in accordance with subsection (d)(3);
        (3) submission to the Secretary of a modified plan under subsection
      (d)(3) which does not meet the requirements of this section; or
        (4) a failure of such entity to provide paratransit or other special
      transportation services in accordance with the plan or modified plan the
      public entity submitted to the Secretary under this section.
    (f) Statutory Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed as
  preventing a public entity--
        (1) from providing paratransit or other special transportation services
      at a level which is greater than the level of such services which are
      required by this section,
        (2) from providing paratransit or other special transportation services
      in addition to those paratransit and special transportation services
      required by this section, or
        (3) from providing such services to individuals in addition to those
      individuals to whom such services are required to be provided by this
      section.

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SEC. 224. PUBLIC ENTITY OPERATING A DEMAND RESPONSIVE SYSTEM.
    If a public entity operates a demand responsive system, it shall be
  considered discrimination, for purposes of section 202 of this Act and
  section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794), for such
  entity to purchase or lease a new vehicle for use on such system, for which a
  solicitation is made after the 30th day following the effective date of this
  section, that is not readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
  disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs, unless such system,
  when viewed in its entirety, provides a level of service to such individuals
  equivalent to the level of service such system provides to individuals
  without disabilities.

  SEC. 225. TEMPORARY RELIEF WHERE LIFTS ARE UNAVAILABLE.
    (a) Granting.--With respect to the purchase of new buses, a public entity
  may apply for, and the Secretary may temporarily relieve such public entity
  from the obligation under section 222(a) or 224 to purchase new buses that
  are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities if such
  public entity demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary--
        (1) that the initial solicitation for new buses made by the public
      entity specified that all new buses were to be lift-equipped and were to
      be otherwise accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities;
        (2) the unavailability from any qualified manufacturer of hydraulic,
      electromechanical, or other lifts for such new buses;
        (3) that the public entity seeking temporary relief has made good faith
      efforts to locate a qualified manufacturer to supply the lifts to the
      manufacturer of such buses in sufficient time to comply with such
      solicitation; and
        (4) that any further delay in purchasing new buses necessary to obtain
      such lifts would significantly impair transportation services in the
      community served by the public entity.
    (b) Duration and Notice to Congress.--Any relief granted under subsection
  (a) shall be limited in duration by a specified date, and the appropriate
  committees of Congress shall be notified of any such relief granted.
    (c) Fraudulent Application.--If, at any time, the Secretary has reasonable
  cause to believe that any relief granted under subsection (a) was
  fraudulently applied for, the Secretary shall--
        (1) cancel such relief if such relief is still in effect; and
        (2) take such other action as the Secretary considers appropriate.

  SEC. 226. NEW FACILITIES.
    For purposes of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the
  Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794), it shall be considered
  discrimination for a public entity to construct a new facility to be used in
  the provision of designated public transportation services unless such
  facility is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
  disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs.

  SEC. 227. ALTERATIONS OF EXISTING FACILITIES.
    (a) General Rule.--With respect to alterations of an existing facility or
  part thereof used in the provision of designated public transportation
  services that affect or could affect the usability of the facility or part
  thereof, it shall be considered discrimination, for purposes of section 202
  of this Act and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C.
  794), for a public entity to fail to make such alterations (or to ensure that
  the alterations are made) in such a manner that, to the maximum extent
  feasible, the altered portions of the facility are readily accessible to and
  usable by individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use
  wheelchairs, upon the completion of such alterations. Where the public entity
  is undertaking an alteration that affects or could affect usability of or
  access to an area of the facility containing a primary function, the entity
  shall also make the alterations in such a manner that, to the maximum extent
  feasible, the path of travel to the altered area and the bathrooms,
  telephones, and drinking fountains serving the altered area, are readily
  accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, including
  individuals who use wheelchairs, upon completion of such alterations, where
  such alterations to the path of travel or the bathrooms, telephones, and
  drinking fountains serving the altered area are not disproportionate to the
  overall alterations in terms of cost and scope (as determined under criteria
  established by the Attorney General).
    (b) Special Rule for Stations.--
        (1) General rule.--For purposes of section 202 of this Act and section
      504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794), it shall be
      considered discrimination for a public entity that provides designated
      public transportation to fail, in accordance with the provisions of this
      subsection, to make key stations (as determined under criteria
      established by the Secretary by regulation) in rapid rail and light rail
      systems readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
      disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs.
        (2) Rapid rail and light rail key stations.--
            (A) Accessibility.--Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph,
          all key stations (as determined under criteria established by the
          Secretary by regulation) in rapid rail and light rail systems shall
          be made readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
          disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs, as soon as
          practicable but in no event later than the last day of the 3-year
          period beginning on the effective date of this paragraph.
            (B) Extension for extraordinarily expensive structural changes.--
          The Secretary may extend the 3-year period under subparagraph (A) up
          to a 30-year period for key stations in a rapid rail or light rail
          system which stations need extraordinarily expensive structural
          changes to, or replacement of, existing facilities; except that by
          the last day of the 20th year following the date of the enactment of
          this Act at least 2/3  of such key stations must be readily
          accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities.
        (3) Plans and milestones.--The Secretary shall require the appropriate
      public entity to develop and submit to the Secretary a plan for
      compliance with this subsection--
            (A) that reflects consultation with individuals with disabilities
          affected by such plan and the results of a public hearing and public
          comments on such plan, and
            (B) that establishes milestones for achievement of the requirements
          of this subsection.

  SEC. 228. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES IN EXISTING
      FACILITIES AND ONE CAR PER TRAIN RULE.
    (a) Public Transportation Programs and Activities in Existing Facilities.--
        (1) In general.--With respect to existing facilities used in the
      provision of designated public transportation services, it shall be
      considered discrimination, for purposes of section 202 of this Act and
      section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794), for a
      public entity to fail to operate a designated public transportation
      program or activity conducted in such facilities so that, when viewed in
      the entirety, the program or activity is readily accessible to and usable
      by individuals with disabilities.
        (2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not require a public entity to make
      structural changes to existing facilities in order to make such
      facilities accessible to individuals who use wheelchairs, unless and to
      the extent required by section 227(a) (relating to alterations) or
      section 227(b) (relating to key stations).
        (3) Utilization.--Paragraph (1) shall not require a public entity to
      which paragraph (2) applies, to provide to individuals who use
      wheelchairs services made available to the general public at such
      facilities when such individuals could not utilize or benefit from such
      services provided at such facilities.
    (b) One Car Per Train Rule.--
        (1) General rule.--Subject to paragraph (2), with respect to 2 or more
      vehicles operated as a train by a light or rapid rail system, for
      purposes of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the Rehabilitation
      Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794), it shall be considered discrimination for a
      public entity to fail to have at least 1 vehicle per train that is
      accessible to individuals with disabilities, including individuals who
      use wheelchairs, as soon as practicable but in no event later than the
      last day of the 5-year period beginning on the effective date of this
      section.
        (2) Historic trains.--In order to comply with paragraph (1) with
      respect to the remanufacture of a vehicle of historic character which is
      to be used on a segment of a light or rapid rail system which is included
      on the National Register of Historic Places, if making such vehicle
      readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities would
      significantly alter the historic character of such vehicle, the public
      entity which operates such system only has to make (or to purchase or
      lease a remanufactured vehicle with) those modifications which are
      necessary to meet the requirements of section 222(c)(1) and which do not
      significantly alter the historic character of such vehicle.

  SEC. 229. REGULATIONS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
  Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue regulations, in an
  accessible format, necessary for carrying out this part (other than section
  223).
    (b) Standards.--The regulations issued under this section and section 223
  shall include standards applicable to facilities and vehicles covered by this
  subtitle. The standards shall be consistent with the minimum guidelines and
  requirements issued by the Architectural and Transportation Barriers
  Compliance Board in accordance with section 504 of this Act.

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SEC. 230. INTERIM ACCESSIBILITY REQUIREMENTS.
    If final regulations have not been issued pursuant to section 229, for new
  construction or alterations for which a valid and appropriate State or local
  building permit is obtained prior to the issuance of final regulations under
  such section, and for which the construction or alteration authorized by such
  permit begins within one year of the receipt of such permit and is completed
  under the terms of such permit, compliance with the Uniform Federal
  Accessibility Standards in effect at the time the building permit is issued
  shall suffice to satisfy the requirement that facilities be readily
  accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities as required under
  sections 226 and 227, except that, if such final regulations have not been
  issued one year after the Architectural and Transportation Barriers
  Compliance Board has issued the supplemental minimum guidelines required
  under section 504(a) of this Act, compliance with such supplemental minimum
  guidelines shall be necessary to satisfy the requirement that facilities be
  readily accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities prior to
  issuance of the final regulations.

  SEC. 231. EFFECTIVE DATE.
    (a) General Rule.--Except as provided in subsection (b), this part shall
  become effective 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (b) Exception.--Sections 222, 223 (other than subsection (a)), 224, 225,
  227(b), 228(b), and 229 shall become effective on the date of enactment of
  this Act.

  SEC. 241. DEFINITIONS.
    As used in this part:
        (1) Commuter authority.--The term "commuter authority" has the meaning
      given such term in section 103(8) of the Rail Passenger Service Act (45
      U.S.C. 502(8)).
        (2) Commuter rail transportation.--The term "commuter rail
      transportation" has the meaning given the term "commuter service" in
      section 103(9) of the Rail Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 502(9)).
        (3) Intercity rail transportation.--The term "intercity rail
      transportation" means transportation provided by the National Railroad
      Passenger Corporation.
        (4) Rail passenger car.--The term "rail passenger car" means, with
      respect to intercity rail transportation, single-level and bi-level coach
      cars, single-level and bi-level dining cars, single-level and bi-level
      sleeping cars, single-level and bi-level lounge cars, and food service
      cars.
        (5) Responsible person.--The term "responsible person" means--
            (A) in the case of a station more than 50 percent of which is owned
          by a public entity, such public entity;
            (B) in the case of a station more than 50 percent of which is owned
          by a private party, the persons providing intercity or commuter rail
          transportation to such station, as allocated on an equitable basis by
          regulation by the Secretary of Transportation; and
            (C) in a case where no party owns more than 50 percent of a
          station, the persons providing intercity or commuter rail
          transportation to such station and the owners of the station, other
          than private party owners, as allocated on an equitable basis by
          regulation by the Secretary of Transportation.
        (6) Station.--The term "station" means the portion of a property
      located appurtenant to a right-of-way on which intercity or commuter rail
      transportation is operated, where such portion is used by the general
      public and is related to the provision of such transportation, including
      passenger platforms, designated waiting areas, ticketing areas,
      restrooms, and, where a public entity providing rail transportation owns
      the property, concession areas, to the extent that such public entity
      exercises control over the selection, design, construction, or alteration
      of the property, but such term does not include flag stops.

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  SEC. 242. INTERCITY AND COMMUTER RAIL ACTIONS CONSIDERED
DISCRIMINATORY.
    (a) Intercity Rail Transportation.--
        (1) One car per train rule.--It shall be considered discrimination for
      purposes of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the Rehabilitation
      Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for a person who provides intercity rail
      transportation to fail to have at least one passenger car per train that
      is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities,
      including individuals who use wheelchairs, in accordance with regulations
      issued under section 244, as soon as practicable, but in no event later
      than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act.
        (2) New intercity cars.--
            (A) General rule.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection
          with respect to individuals who use wheelchairs, it shall be
          considered discrimination for purposes of section 202 of this Act and
          section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for a
          person to purchase or lease any new rail passenger cars for use in
          intercity rail transportation, and for which a solicitation is made
          later than 30 days after the effective date of this section, unless
          all such rail cars are readily accessible to and usable by
          individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use
          wheelchairs, as prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation in
          regulations issued under section 244.
            (B) Special rule for single-level passenger coaches for individuals
          who use wheelchairs.--Single-level passenger coaches shall be
          required to--
                (i) be able to be entered by an  individual who uses a
              wheelchair;
                (ii) have space to park and secure a wheelchair;
                (iii) have a seat to which a passenger in a wheelchair can
              transfer, and a space to fold and store such passenger''''s
              wheelchair; and
                (iv) have a restroom usable by an individual who uses a
              wheelchair,
          only to the extent provided in paragraph (3).
            (C) Special rule for single-level dining cars for individuals who
          use wheelchairs.--Single-level dining cars shall not be required to--
                (i) be able to be entered from the station platform by an
              individual who uses a wheelchair; or
                (ii) have a restroom usable by an individual who uses a
              wheelchair if no restroom is provided in such car for any
              passenger.
            (D) Special rule for bi-level dining cars for individuals who use
          wheelchairs.--Bi-level dining cars shall not be required to--
                (i) be able to be entered by an  individual who uses a
              wheelchair;
                (ii) have space to park and secure a wheelchair;
                (iii) have a seat to which a passenger in a wheelchair can
              transfer, or a space to fold and store such passenger''''s
              wheelchair; or
                (iv) have a restroom usable by an individual who uses a
              wheelchair.
        (3) Accessibility of single-level coaches.--
            (A) General rule.--It shall be considered discrimination for
          purposes of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the
          Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for a person who provides
          intercity rail transportation to fail to have on each train which
          includes one or more single-level rail passenger coaches--
                (i) a number of spaces--
                    (I) to park and secure wheelchairs (to accommodate
                  individuals who wish to remain in their wheelchairs) equal to
                  not less than one-half of the number of single-level rail
                  passenger coaches in such train; and
                    (II) to fold and store wheelchairs (to accommodate
                  individuals who wish to transfer to coach seats) equal to not
                  less than one-half of the number of single-level rail
                  passenger coaches in such train,
              as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 5 years after
              the date of enactment of this Act; and
                (ii) a number of spaces--
                    (I) to park and secure wheelchairs (to accommodate
                  individuals who wish to remain in their wheelchairs) equal to
                  not less than the total number of single-level rail passenger
                  coaches in such train; and
                    (II) to fold and store wheelchairs (to accommodate
                  individuals who wish to transfer to coach seats) equal to not
                  less than the total number of single-level rail passenger
                  coaches in such train,
              as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 10 years after
              the date of enactment of this Act.

(B) Location.--Spaces required by subparagraph (A) shall be located
          in single-level rail passenger coaches or food service cars.
            (C) Limitation.--Of the number of spaces required on a train by
          subparagraph (A), not more than two spaces to park and secure
          wheelchairs nor more than two spaces to fold and store wheelchairs
          shall be located in any one coach or food service car.
            (D) Other accessibility features.--Single-level rail passenger
          coaches and food service cars on which the spaces required by
          subparagraph (A) are located shall have a restroom usable by an
          individual who uses a wheelchair and shall be able to be entered from
          the station platform by an individual who uses a wheelchair.
        (4) Food service.--
            (A) Single-level dining cars.--On any train in which a single-level
          dining car is used to provide food service--
                (i) if such single-level dining car was purchased after the
              date of enactment of this Act, table service in such car shall be
              provided to a passenger who uses a wheelchair if--
                    (I) the car adjacent to the end of the dining car through
                  which a wheelchair may enter is itself accessible to a
                  wheelchair;
                    (II) such passenger can exit to the platform from the car
                  such passenger occupies, move down the platform, and enter
                  the adjacent accessible car described in subclause (I)
                  without the necessity of the train being moved within the
                  station; and
                    (III) space to park and secure a wheelchair is available in
                  the dining car at the time such passenger wishes to eat (if
                  such passenger wishes to remain in a wheelchair), or space to
                  store and fold a wheelchair is available in the dining car at
                  the time such passenger wishes to eat (if such passenger
                  wishes to transfer to a dining car seat); and
                (ii) appropriate auxiliary aids and services, including a hard
              surface on which to eat, shall be provided to ensure that other
              equivalent food service is available to individuals with
              disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs, and to
              passengers traveling with such individuals.
          Unless not practicable, a person providing intercity rail
          transportation shall place an accessible car adjacent to the end of a
          dining car described in clause (i) through which an individual who
          uses a wheelchair may enter.
            (B) Bi-level dining cars.--On any train in which a bi-level dining
          car is used to provide food service--
                (i) if such train includes a bi-level lounge car purchased
              after the date of enactment of this Act, table service in such
              lounge car shall be provided to individuals who use wheelchairs
              and to other passengers; and
                (ii) appropriate auxiliary aids and services, including a hard
              surface on which to eat, shall be provided to ensure that other
              equivalent food service is available to individuals with
              disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs, and to
              passengers traveling with such individuals.
    (b) Commuter Rail Transportation.--
        (1) One car per train rule.--It shall be considered discrimination for
      purposes of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the Rehabilitation
      Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for a person who provides commuter rail
      transportation to fail to have at least one passenger car per train that
      is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities,
      including individuals who use wheelchairs, in accordance with regulations
      issued under section 244, as soon as practicable, but in no event later
      than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act.
        (2) New commuter rail cars.--
            (A) General rule.--It shall be considered discrimination for
          purposes of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the
          Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for a person to purchase
          or lease any new rail passenger cars for use in commuter rail
          transportation, and for which a solicitation is made later than 30
          days after the effective date of this section, unless all such rail
          cars are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
          disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs, as
          prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation in regulations issued
          under section 244.
            (B) Accessibility.--For purposes of section 202 of this Act and
          section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794), a
          requirement that a rail passenger car used in commuter rail
          transportation be accessible to or readily accessible to and usable
          by individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use
          wheelchairs, shall not be construed to require--
                (i) a restroom usable by an individual who uses a wheelchair if
              no restroom is provided in such car for any passenger;
                (ii) space to fold and store a wheelchair; or
                (iii) a seat to which a passenger who uses a wheelchair can
              transfer.
    (c) Used Rail Cars.--It shall be considered discrimination for purposes of
  section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29
  U.S.C. 794) for a person to purchase or lease a used rail passenger car for
  use in intercity or commuter rail transportation, unless such person makes
  demonstrated good faith efforts to purchase or lease a used rail car that is
  readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, including
  individuals who use wheelchairs, as prescribed by the Secretary of
  Transportation in regulations issued under section 244.
    (d) Remanufactured Rail Cars.--
        (1) Remanufacturing.--It shall be considered discrimination for
      purposes of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the Rehabilitation
      Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for a person to remanufacture a rail
      passenger car for use in intercity or commuter rail transportation so as
      to extend its usable life for 10 years or more, unless the rail car, to
      the maximum extent feasible, is made readily accessible to and usable by
      individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs,
      as prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation in regulations issued
      under section 244.
        (2) Purchase or lease.--It shall be considered discrimination for
      purposes of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the Rehabilitation
      Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for a person to purchase or lease a
      remanufactured rail passenger car for use in intercity or commuter rail
      transportation unless such car was remanufactured in accordance with
      paragraph (1).
    (e) Stations.--
        (1) New stations.--It shall be considered discrimination for purposes
      of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of
      1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for a person to build a new station for use in
      intercity or commuter rail transportation that is not readily accessible
      to and usable by individuals with disabilities, including individuals who
      use wheelchairs, as prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation in
      regulations issued under section 244.
        (2) Existing stations.--
            (A) Failure to make readily accessible.--
                (i) General rule.--It shall be considered discrimination for
              purposes of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the
              Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for a responsible
              person to fail to make existing stations in the intercity rail
              transportation system, and existing key stations in commuter rail
              transportation systems, readily accessible to and usable by
              individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use
              wheelchairs, as prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation in
              regulations issued under section 244.
                (ii) Period for compliance.--
                    (I) Intercity rail.--All stations in the intercity rail
                  transportation system shall be made readily accessible to and
                  usable by individuals with disabilities, including
                  individuals who use wheelchairs, as soon as practicable, but
                  in no event later than 20 years after the date of enactment
                  of this Act.
                    (II) Commuter rail.--Key stations in commuter rail
                  transportation systems shall be made readily accessible to
                  and usable by individuals with disabilities, including
                  individuals who use wheelchairs, as soon as practicable but
                  in no event later than 3 years after the date of enactment of
                  this Act, except that the time limit may be extended by the
                  Secretary of Transportation up to 20 years after the date of
                  enactment of this Act in a case where the raising of the
                  entire passenger platform is the only means available of
                  attaining accessibility or where other extraordinarily
                  expensive structural changes are necessary to attain
                  accessibility.
                (iii) Designation of key stations.--Each commuter authority
              shall designate the key stations in its commuter rail
              transportation system, in consultation with individuals with
              disabilities and organizations representing such individuals,
              taking into consideration such factors as high ridership and
              whether such station serves as a transfer or feeder station.
              Before the final designation of key stations under this clause, a
              commuter authority shall hold a public hearing.
                (iv) Plans and milestones.--The Secretary of Transportation
              shall require the appropriate person to develop a plan for
              carrying out this subparagraph that reflects consultation with
              individuals with disabilities affected by such plan and that
              establishes milestones for achievement of the requirements of
              this subparagraph.
            (B) Requirement when making alterations.--
                (i) General rule.--It shall be considered discrimination, for
              purposes of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the
              Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794), with respect to
              alterations of an existing station or part thereof in the
              intercity or commuter rail transportation systems that affect or
              could affect the usability of the station or part thereof, for
              the responsible person, owner, or person in control of the
              station to fail to make the alterations in such a manner that, to
              the maximum extent feasible, the altered portions of the station
              are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
              disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs, upon
              completion of such alterations.
                (ii) Alterations to a primary function area.--It shall be
              considered discrimination, for purposes of section 202 of this
              Act and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C.
              794), with respect to alterations that affect or could affect the
              usability of or access to an area of the station containing a
              primary function, for the responsible person, owner, or person in
              control of the station to fail to make the alterations in such a
              manner that, to the maximum extent feasible, the path of travel
              to the altered area, and the bathrooms, telephones, and drinking
              fountains serving the altered area, are readily accessible to and
              usable by individuals with disabilities, including individuals
              who use wheelchairs, upon completion of such alterations, where
              such alterations to the path of travel or the bathrooms,
              telephones, and drinking fountains serving the altered area are
              not disproportionate to the overall alterations in terms of cost
              and scope (as determined under criteria established by the
              Attorney General).
            (C) Required cooperation.--It shall be considered discrimination
          for purposes of section 202 of this Act and section 504 of the
          Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) for an owner, or person in
          control, of a station governed by subparagraph (A) or (B) to fail to
          provide reasonable cooperation to a responsible person with respect
          to such station in that responsible person''''s efforts to comply with
          such subparagraph. An owner, or person in control, of a station shall
          be liable to a responsible person for any failure to provide
          reasonable cooperation as required by this subparagraph. Failure to
          receive reasonable cooperation required by this subparagraph shall
          not be a defense to a claim of discrimination under this Act.
                                                                                

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-12-24 13:56:29编辑过]

清照

SEC. 243. CONFORMANCE OF ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS.
    Accessibility standards included in regulations issued under this part
  shall be consistent with the minimum guidelines issued by the Architectural
  and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board under section 504(a) of this
  Act.

  SEC. 244. REGULATIONS.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
  Secretary of Transportation shall issue regulations, in an accessible format,
  necessary for carrying out this part.

  SEC. 245. INTERIM ACCESSIBILITY REQUIREMENTS.
    (a) Stations.--If final regulations have not been issued pursuant to
  section 244, for new construction or alterations for which a valid and
  appropriate State or local building permit is obtained prior to the issuance
  of final regulations under such section, and for which the construction or
  alteration authorized by such permit begins within one year of the receipt of
  such permit and is completed under the terms of such permit, compliance with
  the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards in effect at the time the
  building permit is issued shall suffice to satisfy the requirement that
  stations be readily accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities as
  required under section 242(e), except that, if such final regulations have
  not been issued one year after the Architectural and Transportation Barriers
  Compliance Board has issued the supplemental minimum guidelines required
  under section 504(a) of this Act, compliance with such supplemental minimum
  guidelines shall be necessary to satisfy the requirement that stations be
  readily accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities prior to
  issuance of the final regulations.
    (b) Rail Passenger Cars.--If final regulations have not been issued
  pursuant to section 244, a person shall be considered to have complied with
  the requirements of section 242 (a) through (d) that a rail passenger car be
  readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, if the
  design for such car complies with the laws and regulations (including the
  Minimum Guidelines and Requirements for Accessible Design and such
  supplemental minimum guidelines as are issued under section 504(a) of this
  Act) governing accessibility of such cars, to the extent that such laws and
  regulations are not inconsistent with this part and are in effect at the time
  such design is substantially completed.

  SEC. 246. EFFECTIVE DATE.
    (a) General Rule.--Except as provided in subsection (b), this part shall
  become effective 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (b) Exception.--Sections 242 and 244 shall become effective on the date of
  enactment of this Act.

  SEC. 301. DEFINITIONS.
    As used in this title:
        (1) Commerce.--The term "commerce" means travel, trade, traffic,
      commerce, transportation, or communication--
            (A) among the several States;
            (B) between any foreign country or any territory or possession and
          any State; or
            (C) between points in the same State but through another State or
          foreign country.
        (2) Commercial facilities.--The term "commercial facilities" means
      facilities--
            (A) that are intended for nonresidential use; and
            (B) whose operations will affect commerce.
      Such term shall not include railroad locomotives, railroad freight cars,
      railroad cabooses, railroad cars described in section 242 or covered
      under this title, railroad rights-of-way, or facilities that are covered
      or expressly exempted from coverage under the Fair Housing Act of 1968
      (42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.).
        (3) Demand responsive system.--The term "demand responsive system"
      means any system of providing transportation of individuals by a vehicle,
      other than a system which is a fixed route system.
        (4) Fixed route system.--The term "fixed route system" means a system
      of providing transportation of individuals (other than by aircraft) on
      which a vehicle is operated along a prescribed route according to a fixed
      schedule.
        (5) Over-the-road bus.--The term "over-the-road bus" means a bus
      characterized by an elevated passenger deck located over a baggage
      compartment.
        (6) Private entity.--The term "private entity" means any entity other
      than a public entity (as defined in section 201(1)).
        (7) Public accommodation.--The following private entities are
      considered public accommodations for purposes of this title, if the
      operations of such entities affect commerce--
            (A) an inn, hotel, motel, or other place of lodging, except for an
          establishment located within a building that contains not more than
          five rooms for rent or hire and that is actually occupied by the
          proprietor of such establishment as the residence of such proprietor;
            (B) a restaurant, bar, or other establishment serving food or
          drink;
            (C) a motion picture house, theater, concert hall, stadium, or
          other place of exhibition or entertainment;
            (D) an auditorium, convention center, lecture hall, or other place
          of public gathering;
            (E) a bakery, grocery store, clothing store, hardware store,
          shopping center, or other sales or rental establishment;
            (F) a laundromat, dry-cleaner, bank, barber shop, beauty shop,
          travel service, shoe repair service, funeral parlor, gas station,
          office of an accountant or lawyer, pharmacy, insurance office,
          professional office of a health care provider, hospital, or other
          service establishment;
            (G) a terminal, depot, or other station used for specified public
          transportation;
            (H) a museum, library, gallery, or other place of public display or
          collection;
            (I) a park, zoo, amusement park, or other place of recreation;
            (J) a nursery, elementary, secondary, undergraduate, or
          postgraduate private school, or other place of education;
            (K) a day care center, senior citizen center, homeless shelter,
          food bank, adoption agency, or other social service center
          establishment; and
            (L) a gymnasium, health spa, bowling alley, golf course, or other
          place of exercise or recreation.
        (8) Rail and railroad.--The terms "rail" and "railroad" have the
      meaning given the term "railroad" in section 202(e) of the Federal
      Railroad Safety Act of 1970 (45 U.S.C. 431(e)).
        (9) Readily achievable.--The term "readily achievable" means easily
      accomplishable and able to be carried out without much difficulty or
      expense. In determining whether an action is readily achievable, factors
      to be considered include--
            (A) the nature and cost of the action needed under this Act;
            (B) the overall financial resources of the facility or facilities
          involved in the action; the number of persons employed at such
          facility; the effect on expenses and resources, or the impact
          otherwise of such action upon the operation of the facility;
            (C) the overall financial resources of the covered entity; the
          overall size of the business of a covered entity with respect to the
          number of its employees; the number, type, and location of its
          facilities; and
            (D) the type of operation or operations of the covered entity,
          including the composition, structure, and functions of the workforce
          of such entity; the geographic separateness, administrative or fiscal
          relationship of the facility or facilities in question to the covered
          entity.
        (10) Specified public transportation.--The term "specified public
      transportation" means transportation by bus, rail, or any other
      conveyance (other than by aircraft) that provides the general public with
      general or special service (including charter service) on a regular and
      continuing basis.
        (11) Vehicle.--The term "vehicle" does not include a rail passenger
      car, railroad locomotive, railroad freight car, railroad caboose, or a
      railroad car described in section 242 or covered under this title.

还我人权

以下是引用肝照不宣在2003-11-24 18:19:16的发言：
看来关键还是要立法。可是在中国有可能实现吗？[em07]

中国不是没有法，而是不执法，政府部门带头破坏宪法

清照

SEC. 302. PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION BY PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS.
    (a) General Rule.--No individual shall be discriminated against on the
  basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services,
  facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of any place of public
  accommodation by any person who owns, leases (or leases to), or operates a
  place of public accommodation.
    (b) Construction.--
        (1) General prohibition.--
            (A) Activities.--
                (i) Denial of participation.--It shall be discriminatory to
              subject an individual or class of individuals on the basis of a
              disability or disabilities of such individual or class, directly,
              or through contractual, licensing, or other arrangements, to a
              denial of the opportunity of the individual or class to
              participate in or benefit from the goods, services, facilities,
              privileges, advantages, or accommodations of an entity.
                (ii) Participation in unequal benefit.--It shall be
              discriminatory to afford an individual or class of individuals,
              on the basis of a disability or disabilities of such individual
              or class, directly, or through contractual, licensing, or other
              arrangements with the opportunity to participate in or benefit
              from a good, service, facility, privilege, advantage, or
              accommodation that is not equal to that afforded to other
              individuals.
                (iii) Separate benefit.--It shall be discriminatory to provide
              an individual or class of individuals, on the basis of a
              disability or disabilities of such individual or class, directly,
              or through contractual, licensing, or other arrangements with a
              good, service, facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation
              that is different or separate from that provided to other
              individuals, unless such action is necessary to provide the
              individual or class of individuals with a good, service,
              facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation, or other
              opportunity that is as effective as that provided to others.
                (iv) Individual or class of individuals.--For purposes of
              clauses (i) through (iii) of this subparagraph, the term
              "individual or class of individuals" refers to the clients or
              customers of the covered public accommodation that enters into
              the contractual, licensing or other arrangement.
            (B) Integrated settings.--Goods, services, facilities, privileges,
          advantages, and accommodations shall be afforded to an individual
          with a disability in the most integrated setting appropriate to the
          needs of the individual.
            (C) Opportunity to participate.--Notwithstanding the existence of
          separate or different programs or activities provided in accordance
          with this section, an individual with a disability shall not be
          denied the opportunity to participate in such programs or activities
          that are not separate or different.
            (D) Administrative methods.--An individual or entity shall not,
          directly or through contractual or other arrangements, utilize
          standards or criteria or methods of administration--
                (i) that have the effect of discriminating on the basis of
              disability; or
                (ii) that perpetuate the discrimination of others who are
              subject to common administrative control.
            (E) Association.--It shall be discriminatory to exclude or
          otherwise deny equal goods, services, facilities, privileges,
          advantages, accommodations, or other opportunities to an individual
          or entity because of the known disability of an individual with whom
          the individual or entity is known to have a relationship or
          association.
        (2) Specific prohibitions.--
            (A) Discrimination.--For purposes of subsection (a), discrimination
          includes--
                (i) the imposition or application of eligibility criteria that
              screen out or tend to screen out an individual with a disability
              or any class of individuals with disabilities from fully and
              equally enjoying any goods, services, facilities, privileges,
              advantages, or accommodations, unless such criteria can be shown
              to be necessary for the provision of the goods, services,
              facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations being
              offered;
                (ii) a failure to make reasonable modifications in policies,
              practices, or procedures, when such modifications are necessary
              to afford such goods, services, facilities, privileges,
              advantages, or accommodations to individuals with disabilities,
              unless the entity can demonstrate that making such modifications
              would fundamentally alter the nature of such goods, services,
              facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations;
                (iii) a failure to take such steps as may be necessary to
              ensure that no individual with a disability is excluded, denied
              services, segregated or otherwise treated differently than other
              individuals because of the absence of auxiliary aids and
              services, unless the entity can demonstrate that taking such
              steps would fundamentally alter the nature of the good, service,
              facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation being offered or
              would result in an undue burden;
                (iv) a failure to remove architectural barriers, and
              communication barriers that are structural in nature, in existing
              facilities, and transportation barriers in existing vehicles and
              rail passenger cars used by an establishment for transporting
              individuals (not including barriers that can only be removed
              through the retrofitting of vehicles or rail passenger cars by
              the installation of a hydraulic or other lift), where such
              removal is readily achievable; and
                (v) where an entity can demonstrate that the removal of a
              barrier under clause (iv) is not readily achievable, a failure to
              make such goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or
              accommodations available through alternative methods if such
              methods are readily achievable.
            (B) Fixed route system.--
                (i) Accessibility.--It shall be considered discrimination for a
              private entity which operates a fixed route system and which is
              not subject to section 304 to purchase or lease a vehicle with a
              seating capacity in excess of 16 passengers (including the
              driver) for use on such system, for which a solicitation is made
              after the 30th day following the effective date of this
              subparagraph, that is not readily accessible to and usable by
              individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use
              wheelchairs.
                (ii) Equivalent service.--If a private entity which operates a
              fixed route system and which is not subject to section 304
              purchases or leases a vehicle with a seating capacity of 16
              passengers or less (including the driver) for use on such system
              after the effective date of this subparagraph that is not readily
              accessible to or usable by individuals with disabilities, it
              shall be considered discrimination for such entity to fail to
              operate such system so that, when viewed in its entirety, such
              system ensures a level of service to individuals with
              disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs,
              equivalent to the level of service provided to individuals
              without disabilities.
                 (C) Demand responsive system.--For purposes of subsection (a),
          discrimination includes--
                (i) a failure of a private entity which operates a demand
              responsive system and which is not subject to section 304 to
              operate such system so that, when viewed in its entirety, such
              system ensures a level of service to individuals with
              disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs,
              equivalent to the level of service provided to individuals
              without disabilities; and
                (ii) the purchase or lease by such entity for use on such
              system of a vehicle with a seating capacity in excess of 16
              passengers (including the driver), for which solicitations are
              made after the 30th day following the effective date of this
              subparagraph, that is not readily accessible to and usable by
              individuals with disabilities (including individuals who use
              wheelchairs) unless such entity can demonstrate that such system,
              when viewed in its entirety, provides a level of service to
              individuals with disabilities equivalent to that provided to
              individuals without disabilities.
            (D) Over-the-road buses.--
                (i) Limitation on applicability.--Subparagraphs (B) and (C) do
              not apply to over-the-road buses.
                (ii) Accessibility requirements.--For purposes of subsection
              (a), discrimination includes (I) the purchase or lease of an
              over-the-road bus which does not comply with the regulations
              issued under section 306(a)(2) by a private entity which provides
              transportation of individuals and which is not primarily engaged
              in the business of transporting people, and (II) any other
              failure of such entity to comply with such regulations.
        (3) Specific Construction.--Nothing in this title shall require an
      entity to permit an individual to participate in or benefit from the
      goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages and accommodations of
      such entity where such individual poses a direct threat to the health or
      safety of others. The term "direct threat" means a significant risk to
      the health or safety of others that cannot be eliminated by a
      modification of policies, practices, or procedures or by the provision of
      auxiliary aids or services.

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-12-24 14:02:02编辑过]