Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Clinical Care Options for Hepatitis Symposium
2005年4月17消息:根据在法国巴黎举行的第40届欧洲肝病年会上德国Hamburg大学Petersen博士提供的数据显示:采用聚乙二醇干扰素α2b联合阿德福韦治疗HBV感染可以强烈的抑制共价闭环DNA(cccDNA)水平,同时伴随着高HBeAg丢失和血清学转换,和肝脏生化学改变。
cccDNA水平通常被认为是慢性乙型肝炎患者持续性感染的关键因素,并且可以导致抗病毒治疗后的复发。cccDNA可以作为HBsAg、HBeAg、多聚酶和其它病毒蛋白的转录模板。因此,通常认为治疗后的cccDNA水平可以预测是否具有复发的危险,尽管通常在抗病毒治疗后cccDNA的水平通常是减低的原因还没有弄清。
在这项研究中,Wursthom和其同事探讨了阿德福韦联合聚乙二醇干扰素α2b治疗对cccDNA水平的影响。26位患者被纳入这一开放的单中心的研究中。多数患者是白种人和男性,平均年龄为33岁。HBeAg阳性和HBeAg阴性的患者分布基本相同。患者接受的聚乙二醇干扰素α2b的剂量为每周每公斤体重1.5ug/kg,阿德福韦的剂量10mg每天,一共治疗48周。48周后,所有的患者均继续接受阿德福韦单药治疗96周,这个试验目前仍然还在进行中。肝细胞内的cccDNA水平通过肝活检后进行检测,在开始治疗前和治疗的第48周进行肝活检,并在完成阿德福韦治疗后再次进行肝活检。
在绝大多数患者中抗病毒治疗可以减低cccDNA水平和改善肝脏的生化学指标。在48周时,48%的患者ALT水平恢复正常,52%的患者的HBV-DNA水平低于100拷贝/mL。治疗前HBeAg阳性的患者有13人发生HBeAg丢失,另外有38%的HBeAg阳性的患者发生血清学转换。进一步的研究结果将在完成阿德福韦单药治疗后和进入随访阶段得到。
Petersen得出结论道聚乙二醇干扰素联合阿德福韦治疗可以强烈的降低cccDNA水平的同时获得较高的血清学转换率和HBeAg丢失率。当被观众提问到cccDNA水平减低是由聚乙二醇干扰素还是阿德福韦发挥主要作用,作者回答到这个问题还不清楚,进一步的研究将包括更多的设计组以进行比较。他同时注意到下一步的研究将探讨治疗后的cccDNA水平是否可以预测长期的应答。作者: 台北的雨 时间: 2010-3-28 00:28
欧洲肝脏研究学会(EASL)于今年2月推出新版乙肝防治指南。《指南》刊登于其官方杂志《肝脏病学杂志》(Journal of Hepatology)2009年第2期。新版指南在乙肝治疗终点、治疗选择以及疗效预测等方面均有所更新。我们特别邀请吉林大学第一医院金清龙教授摘译《指南》中的重要内容,吉林大学第一医院牛俊奇教授进行审校,并请两位教授对《指南》内容进行简要点评。我们将分期摘登《指南》主要内容,敬请关注。
欧洲肝脏研究学会(EASL)于今年2月推出新版乙肝防治指南,并刊登于其官方杂志《肝脏病学杂志》(Journal of Hepatology)2009年第2期。新版指南在乙肝治疗终点、治疗选择以及疗效预测等方面均有所更新。我们特别邀请吉林大学第一医院金清龙教授摘译《指南》中的重要内容,吉林大学第一医院牛俊奇教授进行审校,并请两位教授对《指南》内容进行简要点评。我们将分期摘登《指南》主要内容,敬请关注。
http://www.cmt.com.cn/article/090723/a090723a1201.htm
2009年7月4日,第44届欧洲肝脏研究学会(EASL)年会精粹之中国行(Best of EASL 2009 China Tour)专家论坛在北京召开,来自欧洲的3位肝病领域的知名专家以及全国各地150多名感染病学专家出席了本次会议。本次专家论坛的主题是乙型肝炎的临床治疗,核心内容包括慢性乙型肝炎的治疗终点及抗病毒药物耐药机制及处理策略等。现将本次论坛的精彩内容总结如下,以飨读者。
Lamivudine = LAM (Epivir HBV, Zeffix, 3TC) : FDA approved 1998 for children & adults.
Adefovir Dipivoxil = ADV (Hepsera) ; FDA approved 2002 for adults.
Entecavir = ETV (Baraclude) : FDA approved 2005 for adults.
Telbivudine = LdT (Tyzeka, Sebivo) : FDA approved 2006 for adults.
Tenofovir = TDF (Viread) : FDA approved 2008 for adults.
Emtricitabine (FTC) : Phase 3 trials , expected to be FDA approved soon作者: 与乙肝共舞 时间: 2010-3-28 21:01
Purpose
Currently, peginterferon alfa-2a or oral nucleos(t)ides are approved for the treatment with HBeAg positive CHB, with the overall HBeAg seroconversion far from satisfactory. Therefore, efforts on the various combinations with the currently available drugs are needed to improve the overall response rates. The simultaneous combination therapy with oral nucleoside and peginterferon alfa-2a from large-scaled randomized trials did not show a superior response rate over peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy. Recently, sequential monotherapy with lamivudine for the first 4 weeks, followed by weekly peginterferon alfa-2a has shown favorable HBeAg seroconversion rate over peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy, based on the assumption that early viral suppression by lamivudine can restore the immune function to facilitate the later immunomodulatory response by peginterferon alfa-2a. With the recent introduction of entecavir, the more potent oral nucleoside with few drug resistance, sequential monotherapy with entecavir can potently suppress HBV DNA with 4 weeks of treatment, which may facilitate the response of peginterferon alfa-2a to achieve HBeAg seroconversion. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a placebo controlled randomized control trial to evaluate of adding entecavir early in the course of therapy can improve the treatment response.
Arms Assigned Interventions
Entecavir and peginterferon: Experimental
Entecavir 0.5 mg/day at week 1-4, followed by peginterferon alfa-2a 180 ug/week at week 5-52 Drug: Entecavir and peginterferon alfa-2a
Entecavir (Baraclude) 0.5 mg/day po at week 1-4 Peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) 180 ug/week sc at week 5-52
Placebo and peginterferon: Active Comparator
Placebo 0.5 mg/day at week 1-4, followed by peginterferon alfa-2a 180 ug/week at week 5-52 Drug: Placebo and peginterferon
Placebo 0.5 mg/day po at week 1-4 Peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) 180 ug/week sc at week 5-52
Detailed Description:
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is prevalent in the world, with estimated chronic carriers of 350 millions worldwide.
Currently, peginterferon alfa-2a or oral nucleos(t)ides are approved for the treatment with HBeAg positive CHB, with the overall HBeAg seroconversion far from satisfactory. Therefore, efforts on the various combinations with the currently available drugs are needed to improve the overall response rates. The simultaneous combination therapy with oral nucleoside and peginterferon alfa-2a from large-scaled randomized trials did not show a superior response rate over peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy. Recently, sequential monotherapy with lamivudine for the first 4 weeks, followed by weekly peginterferon alfa-2a has shown favorable HBeAg seroconversion rate over peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy, based on the assumption that early viral suppression by lamivudine can restore the immune function to facilitate the later immunomodulatory response by peginterferon alfa-2a. With the recent introduction of entecavir, the more potent oral nucleoside with few drug resistance, sequential monotherapy with entecavir can potently suppress HBV DNA with 4 weeks of treatment, which may facilitate the response of peginterferon alfa-2a to achieve HBeAg seroconversion. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a placebo controlled randomized control trial to evaluate of adding entecavir early in the course of therapy can improve the treatment response.作者: 放牛哥哥 时间: 2010-3-28 21:11
Currently, peginterferon alfa-2a or oral nucleos(t)ides are approved for the treatment with HBeAg positive CHB, with the overall HBeAg seroconversion far from satisfactory. Therefore, efforts on the various combinations with the currently available drugs are needed to improve the overall response rates. The simultaneous combination therapy with oral nucleoside and peginterferon alfa-2a from large-scaled randomized trials did not show a superior response rate over peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy. Recently, sequential monotherapy with lamivudine for the first 4 weeks, followed by weekly peginterferon alfa-2a has shown favorable HBeAg seroconversion rate over peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy, based on the assumption that early viral suppression by lamivudine can restore the immune function to facilitate the later immunomodulatory response by peginterferon alfa-2a. With the recent introduction of entecavir, the more potent oral nucleoside with few drug resistance, sequential monotherapy with entecavir can potently suppress HBV DNA with 4 weeks of treatment, which may facilitate the response of peginterferon alfa-2a to achieve HBeAg seroconversion. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a placebo controlled randomized control trial to evaluate of adding entecavir early in the course of therapy can improve the treatment response作者: 放牛哥哥 时间: 2010-3-28 21:14
Gilead Announces Long-Term Data from Two Pivotal Phase III Studies Evaluating Viread(R) For Chronic Hepatitis B
No Evidence of Viral Resistance Through Three Years of Treatment
BOSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Oct. 31, 2009-- Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq:GILD) today announced the presentation of three-year (144-week) open label data from two pivotal Phase III clinical trials, Studies 102 and 103, evaluating the safety and efficacy of once-daily Viread® (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) among adult patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. These data will be presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (The Liver Meeting 2009) being held this week in Boston, October 30-November 3.
These new data show that the majority of patients who received Viread for up to 144 weeks experienced sustained suppression of HBV DNA levels in the blood to below 400 copies/mL (87 percent in Study 102 and 71 percent in Study 103). Additionally, cumulatively over 144 weeks, 8 percent of all patients in Study 103 (HBeAg-positive) experienced “s” antigen (HBsAg) loss, which can contribute to resolution of chronic hepatitis B infection. Notably, no mutations associated with resistance to Viread developed in any patients up to 144 weeks of treatment.
“The development of resistance is a significant challenge for practitioners treating patients with chronic hepatitis B,” said Patrick Marcellin, MD, of Hôpital Beaujon in Clichy, France, and the principal investigator of Study 102. “The robust and comprehensive resistance surveillance in these studies provides important information for the medical community and shows that Viread offers a high barrier to resistance.”
Clinical practice guidelines recommending Viread as a first-line therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B were issued earlier this year by both the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Viread for chronic hepatitis B in adults in 2008 based on earlier (48-week) results from Studies 102 and 103, and recently approved the inclusion of 96-week data in the product’s label.
“These data underscore the rationale for Viread’s position as a recommended first-line therapy for chronic hepatitis B infection,” said Jenny Heathcote, MD, of the University of Toronto, Canada, and the principal investigator for Study 103. “In particular, the loss of the hepatitis B ‘s’ antigen in 8 percent of patients, which is associated with resolution of HBV infection, is significant from a clinical perspective.”
Nine additional presentations examining the efficacy of Viread across a variety of patient populations, including treatment-experienced patients, patients new to therapy, patients of Asian descent, pregnant women and patients with decompensated liver disease, also will be presented during The Liver Meeting.
About Studies 102 and 103
Studies 102 and 103 were multi-center, randomized, double-blind Phase III clinical trials comparing Viread to Hepsera® (adefovir dipivoxil) among HBeAg-negative presumed pre-core mutant (n=375) and HBeAg-positive (n=266) chronic hepatitis B patients with compensated liver disease, respectively. The majority of patients were treatment-naïve upon study initiation, although some patients were lamivudine-experienced.
Patients originally randomized to Hepsera in both studies rolled over to open-label Viread (n=196) at week 48, while patients originally randomized to Viread continued open-label Viread treatment (n=389). After 72 weeks, patients with confirmed viremia (HBV DNA levels at or above 400 copies/mL on two consecutive visits) had the option of adding emtricitabine treatment by substituting Truvada® (emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) for Viread. By 144 weeks, 87 percent of patients remained in Study 102 (n=328) and 80 percent of patients remained in Study 103 (n=214).
Study 102 Results (Poster Presentation #481)
HBeAg-negative patients
A long-term evaluation algorithm through 144 weeks showed that 87 percent of patients achieved virologic suppression (HBV DNA levels below 400 copies/mL), and similar efficacy was observed between patients who received Viread monotherapy throughout (206/238, 87 percent) compared to those who initially received Hepsera and then rolled over to Viread (107/121, 88 percent).
Three patients receiving Viread had HBV DNA of 400 copies/mL or more at week 144, and one additional viremic patient discontinued Viread during year three. Three patients in Study 102 added emtricitabine treatment at or after week 72 due to confirmed viremia, and all three achieved HBV DNA levels below 400 copies/mL at week 144.
Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT, an enzyme that serves as a measure of liver damage), which had been high at baseline, remained at normal levels through 144 weeks of treatment (overall mean ALT value of 33 U/L).
Viread was well tolerated by study subjects during open-label treatment through 144 weeks. The incidence of serious adverse events considered drug-related was low, with one event (mild renal impairment) reported in the Viread group and none reported in the Hepsera-to-Viread group. The incidence of grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities was similar between groups; 14 percent for Viread and 15 percent in the Hepsera-to-Viread group. During the study, three patients on Viread discontinued treatment due to adverse events (hepatocellular carcinoma, dizziness/fatigue/lack of concentration and septic shock). No patients experienced a confirmed 0.5 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in creatinine clearance to less than 50 mL/min. There were three deaths during open-label treatment, but the causes (nasopharyngeal cancer, metastatic liver cancer and cervical cancer) were not considered related to study drug.
No resistance to Viread developed among patients who received Viread for up to three years.
Study 103 Results (Poster Presentation #483)
HBeAg-positive patients
Using a long-term evaluation algorithm through 144 weeks, 71 percent of patients achieved HBV DNA levels below 400 copies/mL, with similar response between patients who received Viread monotherapy throughout (118/165, 72 percent) and those who initially received Hepsera and rolled over to Viread (63/89, 71 percent) after week 48.
Five patients on Viread had HBV DNA of 400 copies/mL or more at week 144, and one additional viremic patient discontinued Viread during year three. Thirty-one patients in Study 103 added emtricitabine treatment between 72 and 144 weeks due to confirmed viremia; 17 achieved HBV DNA levels below 400 copies/mL at week 144.
As with Study 102, ALT levels, which had been elevated at baseline in both patient groups, remained stable at near-normal levels by week 144 (mean of 38.6 U/L).
Among all patients who continued Viread treatment to week 144, 34 percent achieved loss of HBeAg and 26 percent experienced HBeAg seroconversion. Seroconversion is defined as both the disappearance of the hepatitis B “e” antigen, a marker of HBV replication (rendering the patient “HBe-antigen negative”), and the detection of antibodies specific for this antigen (making the patient “HBe-antibody positive”). Cumulatively, 8 percent of patients experienced “s” antigen (HBsAg) loss, which contributes to resolution of chronic hepatitis B infection.
As in Study 102, Viread was well tolerated by study subjects during open-label treatment through 144 weeks. The incidence of serious adverse events considered drug-related was low, with two events (increase of ALT and facial spasm) reported in the Viread group and two events (increase of ALT) reported in the Hepsera-to-Viread group. The incidence of grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities was 12.3 percent in the Viread group and 15.5 percent in the Hepsera-to-Viread group. During the study, one patient on Viread discontinued treatment due to an unconfirmed 0.5 mg/dL increase in creatinine. Two patients (initially randomized to Hepsera) experienced a confirmed 0.5 mg/dL increase in creatinine. No patients experienced a decrease in confirmed creatinine clearance to less than 50 ml/min.
As with Study 102, no resistance to Viread developed among patients who received Viread for up to three years.
Continued treatment with Viread for 144 weeks in Studies 102 and 103 did not reveal any new adverse reactions and no change in the tolerability profile observed during the first 48 weeks of treatment. The most common adverse reaction (all grades) was nausea, observed in 9 percent of patients taking Viread at week 48. Other treatment-related adverse events observed in greater than 5 percent of patients during the first 48 weeks of Studies 102 and 103 included abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, fatigue, nasopharyngitis, back pain and skin rash.
Important Information About Viread for Chronic Hepatitis B and HIV作者: 放牛哥哥 时间: 2010-3-28 21:47
Viread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults. This indication is based primarily on data from the treatment of nucleoside-treatment-naïve patients, and a smaller number of patients who had previously received lamivudine or adefovir. Patients were adults with HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B with compensated liver disease. The number of patients in clinical trials who had lamivudine- or adefovir-associated substitutions at baseline was too small to reach conclusions of efficacy. Viread has not been evaluated in patients with decompensated liver disease.
Viread is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The following points should be considered when initiating therapy with Viread for the treatment of
HIV-1: Viread should not be used in combination with Truvada (emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) or Atripla® (efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate).
The recommended dose for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and HIV infection is 300 mg once daily taken orally without regard to food. The dosing interval of Viread should be adjusted in patients with renal impairment.
Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleos(t)ide analogs, including Viread, in combination with other antiretrovirals.
Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis have been reported in HBV-infected patients who have discontinued anti-hepatitis B therapy, including Viread. Hepatic function should be monitored closely with both clinical and laboratory follow-up for at least several months in patients who discontinue anti-hepatitis B therapy, including Viread. If appropriate, resumption of anti-hepatitis B therapy may be warranted.
New onset or worsening of renal impairment including cases of acute renal failure and Fanconi syndrome has been reported with the use of Viread. It is recommended to assess creatinine clearance (CrCl) before initiating treatment with Viread and monitor CrCl and serum phosphorus in patients at risk, including those who have previously experienced renal events while receiving Hepsera. Administering Viread with concurrent or recent use of nephrotoxic drugs should be avoided.
Viread should not be used with other tenofovir-containing products (e.g. Atripla, Truvada). Viread should not be administered in combination with Hepsera.
HIV antibody testing should be offered to all HBV-infected patients before initiating therapy with Viread. Viread should only be used as part of an appropriate antiretroviral combination regimen in HIV-infected patients with or without HBV coinfection.
Decreases in bone mineral density (BMD) have been observed in HIV-infected patients. It is recommended that BMD monitoring be considered for patients with a history of pathologic fracture or who are at risk for osteopenia. The bone effects of Viread have not been studied in patients with chronic HBV infection.
Redistribution/accumulation of body fat has been observed in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral combination therapy.
Immune reconstitution syndrome has been observed in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral combination therapy, including Viread, which may necessitate further evaluation and treatment.
Early virologic failure has been reported in HIV-infected patients on triple nucleoside-only regimens. Patients on an antiretroviral therapy utilizing a triple nucleoside-only regimen should be carefully monitored and considered for treatment modification.
In controlled clinical trials in patients with chronic hepatitis B, the most common adverse reaction (all grades) was nausea, observed in 9 percent of patients taking Viread at week 48. Other adverse reactions observed at week 48 in greater than 5 percent of patients treated with Viread include abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, fatigue, nasopharyngitis, back pain and skin rash. In HIV-infected patients, the most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥10 percent, grades 2-4) are rash, diarrhea, headache, pain, depression, asthenia and nausea. No significant change in the tolerability profile was observed in patients continuing treatment with Viread for 144 weeks.
Important Information about Hepsera (adefovir dipivoxil)
Hepsera is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients 12 years of age and older with evidence of active viral replication and either evidence of persistent elevations in serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) or histologically active disease. This indication is based on histological, virological, biochemical and serological responses in adult patients with HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B with compensated liver function, and with clinical evidence of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus with either compensated or decompensated liver function.
For patients 12 to less than 18 years of age, the indication is based on virological and biochemical responses in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection with compensated liver function.
The recommended dose for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B is 10 mg once daily taken orally without regard to food. The dosing interval of Hepsera should be adjusted in patients with renal impairment.
Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis have been reported in patients who have discontinued anti-hepatitis B therapy, including Hepsera. Hepatic function should be monitored closely with both clinical and laboratory follow-up for at least several months in patients who discontinue anti-hepatitis B therapy. If appropriate, resumption of anti-hepatitis B therapy may be warranted.
In patients at risk of or having underlying renal dysfunction, chronic administration of Hepsera may result in nephrotoxicity. These patients should be monitored closely for renal function and may require dose adjustment. It is important to monitor renal function for all patients during treatment with Hepsera.
HIV resistance may emerge in chronic hepatitis B patients with unrecognized or untreated HIV infection treated with anti-hepatitis B therapies, such as therapy with Hepsera, which may have activity against HIV.
Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleos(t)ide analogs alone or in combination with other antiretrovirals.
HIV antibody testing should be offered to all HBV-infected patients before initiating therapy with Hepsera.
For patients with lamivudine-resistant HBV, adefovir dipivoxil should be used in combination with lamivudine. For all patients, consider modifying treatment in case serum HBV DNA remains above 1000 copies/mL with continued treatment.
Co-administration with drugs that reduce renal function or compete for active tubular secretion may increase serum concentrations of adefovir and/or the co-administered drug. Monitor for Hepsera associated adverse events. The most common adverse reaction (less than 10 percent) in compensated disease patients is asthenia and in pre- and post-transplantation lamivudine-resistant liver disease patients is increased creatinine.
About Gilead Sciences
Gilead Sciences is a biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops and commercializes innovative therapeutics in areas of unmet medical need. The company's mission is to advance the care of patients suffering from life-threatening diseases worldwide. Headquartered in Foster City, California, Gilead has operations in North America, Europe and Australia.
This press release includes forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks that physicians may not prescribe Viread over other existing HBV medications. In addition, as Viread is used over longer periods of time by many patients with underlying health problems, taking numerous other medicines, safety, resistance, drug interaction or other issues may arise, which could reduce the market acceptance of Viread. These risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those referred to in the forward-looking statements. The reader is cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These and other risks are described in detail in Gilead’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the second quarter of 2009, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to Gilead, and Gilead assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.
U.S. full prescribing information for Viread is available at www.Viread.com
U.S. full prescribing information for Hepsera is available at www.Hepsera.com
U.S. full prescribing information for Truvada is available at www.Truvada.com
Viread, Hepsera, and Truvada are registered trademarks of Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Atripla is a registered trademark of Bristol-Myers Squibb & Gilead Sciences, LLC.
For more information on Gilead, please call the Gilead Public Affairs Department at 1-800-GILEAD-5 (1-800-445-3235) or visit www.gilead.com.
Source: Gilead Sciences, Inc.
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Michael Claeys, 650-522-2459作者: 放牛哥哥 时间: 2010-3-28 21:47