其中,“核苷经治”又可以分为“add-on”和“switch-to”。“add-on”是指接受NA治疗至少一年的患者加用干扰素治疗;“switch-to” 是指接受NA治疗至少一年的患者换用干扰素治疗。该荟萃分析亚组分析提示,在接受联合治疗48周或52周后,“switch-to”的患者HBsAg清除率比“add-on”患者更高(14% vs. 8%,P=0.012;图3)。
1.Werle-Lapostolle, B. et al. Persistence of cccDNA during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B and decline during adefovir dipivoxil therapy. Gastroenterology 126, 1750-1758 (2004).
2.EASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Journal of hepatology 57, 167-185, doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.02.010 (2012).
3.Lok, A. S. & McMahon, B. J. Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 50, 661-662, doi:10.1002/hep.23190 (2009).
4.Kim, G. A. et al. HBsAg seroclearance after nucleoside analogue therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B: clinical outcomes and durability. Gut 63, 1325-1332, doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305517 (2014).
5.Liaw, Y. F. et al. Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2012 update. Hepatology international 6, 531-561, doi:10.1007/s12072-012-9365-4 (2012).
6.Marcellin, P. et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B. The New England journal of medicine 359, 2442-2455, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0802878 (2008).
7.Chang, T. T. et al. A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. The New England journal of medicine 354, 1001-1010, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa051285 (2006).
8.Moucari, R. et al. High rates of HBsAg seroconversion in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients responding to interferon: a long-term follow-up study. Journal of hepatology 50, 1084-1092, doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.01.016 (2009).
9.Buster, E. H. et al. Sustained HBeAg and HBsAg loss after long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2b. Gastroenterology 135, 459-467, doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.05.031 (2008).
10.Boni, C. et al. Restored function of HBV-specific T cells after long-term effective therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Gastroenterology 143, 963-973.e969, doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.014 (2012).
11.Sonneveld, M. J., Zoutendijk, R., Hansen, B. E. & Janssen, H. L. Pegylated interferon results in higher serological, but not virological, response rates when compared to continuous entecavir. Antiviral therapy 17, 1605-1608, doi:10.3851/imp2319 (2012).
12.Tjwa, E. T., van Oord, G. W., Hegmans, J. P., Janssen, H. L. & Woltman, A. M. Viral load reduction improves activation and function of natural killer cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Journal of hepatology 54, 209-218, doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.009 (2011).
13.Wursthorn, K. et al. Peginterferon alpha-2b plus adefovir induce strong cccDNA decline and HBsAg reduction in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 44, 675-684, doi:10.1002/hep.21282 (2006).
14.Qiu, K. et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: combination treatment of regimens based on pegylated interferon for chronic hepatitis B focusing on hepatitis B surface antigen clearance. 47, 1340-1348, doi:10.1111/apt.14629 (2018)