1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA.
2Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA.
3Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA USA.
4Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ; Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA USA.
AbstractAlthough currently available therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus infection can suppress viremia and provide long-term benefits for patients, they do not lead to a functional cure for most patients. Advances in our understanding of the virus-host interaction and the recent remarkable success of immunotherapy in cancer offer new and promising strategies for developing immune modulators that may become important components of a total therapeutic approach to hepatitis B, some of which are now in clinical development. Among the immunomodulatory agents currently being investigated to combat chronic HBV are toll-like receptor agonists, immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines, and engineered T cells. The efficacy of some immune modulatory therapies is compromised by high viral antigen levels. Cutting edge strategies, including RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9, are now being studied that may ultimately be shown to have the capacity to lower viral antigen levels sufficiently to substantially increase the efficacy of these agents. The current advances in therapies for chronic hepatitis B are leading us toward the possibility of a functional cure.
1,斯坦福大学医学院胃肠病学与肝脏病学系,美国加利福尼亚州斯坦福分校; Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Stanford University School of Medicine,Stanford,CA USA。
2,美国斯坦福大学医学院胃肠病学与肝脏病学系。
微生物学和免疫学系,斯坦福大学医学院,斯坦福,美国;退伍军人管理医疗中心,帕洛阿尔托,美国。
4,美国斯坦福大学医学院胃肠病学和肝病学系,乙型肝炎基金会,Doylestown,PA美国。