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标题: [英语新闻]一个便宜的泰诺福韦？ [打印本页]

作者: StephenW 时间: 2011-7-12 21:08 标题: [英语新闻]一个便宜的泰诺福韦？

http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/12/us-aids-patents-idUSTRE76B0YW20110712?feedType=nl&feedName=ushealth1100

LONDON | Tue Jul 12, 2011 3:28am EDT

(Reuters) - Gilead Sciences, the leading maker of HIV drugs, is to share intellectual property rights on its medicines in a patent pool designed to make treatments more widely available to the poor.

The California-based group is the first drugmaker to sign up to the new Medicines Patent Pool, whose organizers now expect other major pharmaceutical manufacturers to join the initiative.

Ellen 't Hoen, the pool's executive director, told Reuters she was negotiating terms for similar deals with ViiV Healthcare -- a GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer joint venture -- as well as with Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim and Sequoia Pharmaceuticals.

"This is not just a one-off. The whole field is changing ... there will be more to follow," she said.

Around 33 million people worldwide have the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS. Most live in Africa and Asia, where medicines have to be very cheap to allow those who need them to be able to afford them.

The Medicines Patent Pool, launched by the UNITAID health financing system that is funded by a tax on airline tickets, aims to address this problem by creating a system for patent holders to license technology to makers of cheap generics in exchange for modest royalties.

In the case of Gilead, the agreement allows for the production of generic copies of tenofovir, emtricitabine, cobicistat and elvitegravir, as well as a combination of these products in a single HIV pill known as the "Quad."

Significantly, cobicistat, elvitegravir and the Quad are still in clinical development, and their inclusion in the deal should speed the flow of new treatments in poor countries.

"Through systematic licensing of intellectual property related to HIV products, people in developing countries will have access to low-cost versions of those products almost at the same time that people in rich countries do," 't Hoen said.

Traditionally, patients in developing countries have to wait for years before they can get access to new drugs.

CHANGE IN ATTITUDE

Gilead will receive a 3 percent royalty on generic sales of tenofovir, which is also approved for use in hepatitis B, and 5 percent on the other products.

The licenses will allow for the supply of tenofovir and emtricitabine in 111 countries, for cobicistat in 102 countries, and for elvitegravir and the Quad in 99 countries.

Assuming other companies come on board, the patent pool could save poor countries more than $1 billion a year in drug costs.

But the revenue stream to Gilead and other patent holders is likely to be small, since generic drug prices in Africa could be just 1 or 2 percent of those in high-income countries.

The decision by Gilead and others to work with UNITAID on the new patent pool marks an evolution in thinking by Big Pharma toward the thorny problem of drug access in the developing world.

Ten years ago, the world's pharmaceutical industry took a very different stance when it sued South Africa over legislation that was passed by former President Nelson Mandela and which favored generics.

That battle proved a public relations disaster, and since then individual companies have struck a series of voluntary licensing deals, allowing generic copies of HIV products on a case-by-case basis.

The patent pool system, however, goes beyond this by providing an effective "one-stop shop" for generic firms to secure rights to manufacture patent-protected drugs.

The U.S. National Institutes of Health became the first organization to sign up to the pool last September. The concept has been harder for some drugmakers to swallow.

ViiV, for example, was initially unwilling to consider pooling its patents -- and Abbott Laboratories, Merck & Co and Johnson & Johnson have yet to enter formal negotiations, although 't Hoen said her team was now discussing the idea with all three companies.

(Reporting by Ben Hirschler; Editing by David Hulmes)

作者: StephenW 时间: 2011-7-12 21:11

谷歌翻译，不是100％准确，仅供参考使用。

（路透社） - Gilead Sciences公司，艾滋病毒药物的领先制造商，是设计，使治疗更广泛地提供给穷人的专利池分享其药品的知识产权。

总部位于加州的集团是中国最早的制药公司签署了新的药品专利池，现在预计其他大型制药厂商加入这一倡议的组织者。

埃伦池的执行董事，“T Hoen，对路透社记者说，她欢跃医疗类似的协议条款进行谈判 - 葛兰素史克公司和辉瑞公司的合资企业 - 施贵宝，罗氏，勃林格殷格翰和Sequoia制药公司以及与。

“她说，”这不只是一次性的。整个领域正在发生变化... ...会有更多的跟进。

全球约有33亿人是导致艾滋病的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）。大多数生活在非洲和亚洲，其中的药物很便宜，让那些需要他们能够向他们提供。

药品专利池，国际药品采购机制，是通过征收机票税资助的医疗融资制度的推出，旨在建立一个系统的专利持有人许可换取适度的特许权使用费的廉价仿制药制造商的技术来解决这个问题。

在基列的情况下，该协议允许“四”替诺福韦，恩曲他滨，cobicistat elvitegravir，以及这些产品的组合在一个单一的艾滋病毒丸被称为仿制生产

值得注意的是，cobicistat，elvitegravir和四仍然在临床上发展，他们在处理列入应加快新的治疗方法在贫穷国家的流动。

“通过系统的艾滋病毒产品相关的知识产权许可，在发展中国家的人民将有机会获得几乎在同一时间，在富裕国家的人民一样，这些产品的低成本版本，”'T Hoen说。

传统上，发展中国家的患者已经等待了多年，才可以得到访问新的药物。

更改的态度

Gilead公司将收到一份泰诺福韦，使用B型肝炎，和其他产品的5％，这也是批准的仿制药销售额的3％的版税。

许可证将允许替诺福韦和恩曲他滨在111个国家的供应，在102个国家cobicistat，并为elvitegravir和在99个国家的四。

假设其他公司都在船上，专利池可以节省药品费用超过10亿美元在一年的贫穷国家。

但Gilead公司和其他专利持有人的收入流很可能要小，因为在非洲的仿制药的价格可能只有1或2％的高收入国家的。

由Gilead公司和其他的新的专利池与国际药品采购机制工作的决定标志着药物在发展中世界的访问的棘手问题，大型制药企业的思维走向的发展。

十年前，世界医药产业的起诉南非前总统纳尔逊曼德拉和有利于仿制药通过立法，一个非常不同的立场。

这一战证明了一场公关灾难，并自那时以来，个别公司已取得了一系列自愿许可协议，允许在逐案基础上艾滋病毒产品的仿制。

专利池制度，但是，为通用公司提供一个有效的“一站式”安全生产受专利保护的药物的权利，超越。

美国国立卫生研究院签署池去年九月成为第一个组织。概念已经难以下咽一些制药公司。

欢跃，例如，起初不愿考虑其专利池 - 雅培公司，默克公司，强生公司还没有进入正式谈判，虽然“T Hoen说，她的研究小组现在讨论与这三家公司的想法。

（本Hirschler的报告;大卫Hulmes编辑）

作者: 非东亚病夫 时间: 2011-7-13 23:26

回复 StephenW 的帖子

没错~！我还是觉得替诺福韦比较靠谱~~！
真希望这个药快点失去专利~！
不过现在好像还在讨论判决吧？

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